Wavecom CODAN 3212 User manual

Descripon of CODAN-3212 Data Staon
CODAN-3212 is an HF transmission mode de-
ned and developed by the same named Aus-
tralian company. This mode provides a robust
method of data communicaon over the HF
path. The mode CODAN-3212 is the successor of
CODAN-3012/CODAN-9001. The CODAN-3212
modem has dierent operaon modes. The data
can either be sent by a high-speed waveform to
address other CODAN-3212 modems, or by us-
ing the CODAN-3212 compability mode at a
low-speed to address other CODAN-3012 mo-
dems. A standard CODAN-3212 HF data staon
includes:
 a CODAN transceiver that is capable of send-
ing data by a high-speed waveform or by the
CODAN-3212 compability mode,
 an antenna system,
 an appropriate 12 Volt DC power supply,
 a 3212 HF data modem,
 a PC with terminal or applicaon soware
that provides email, chat and FTP (le
transfer protocol, standard network proto-
col used for the transfer of network data
between a client and a server) services.
A possible setup is illustrated in Figure 1. The data
staon can be installed in a base staon or in a
vehicle. The CODAN data staon can be ad-
dressed from the terminal soware of a PC, either
by plugging a cable between the serial COM port
of the PC and the Data connector on the 3212
modem, or via an Ethernet connecon between
the PC and the 3212 modem. The modem inter-
face is based on the AT industry standard, devel-
oped by the company Hayes Communicaons.
Advanced Protocols
CODAN HF Data Decoder
Fig. 1 CODAN data staon.

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Fig. 2 Peer-to-peer (unicast) vs. broadcast communicaon.
CODAN HF transceivers transmit on single side-
bands, either USB or LSB. This reduces the power
required to send HF signals and increases the
number of channels available within the HF spec-
trum. The transceivers are primarily used for long
distance communicaons. Obstrucons such as
buildings and mountains have only lile eect on
the communicaon. The HF radio waves propa-
gate in three ways simultaneously: ground wave,
direct wave and sky wave. The ground wave trav-
els near the ground for short distances up to 100
km over land and 300 km over sea. The distance
covered depends on the channel frequency, trans-
mission power and environment. The direct wave
travels in a direct line from the transmier to the
receiver. Finally, the sky wave is transmied to-
ward the sky and is reected by the ionosphere to
a distant receiver on earth.
Addionally, a handset and a speaker for acousc
monitoring, can be connected to the transceiver.
The handset has buons for
 toggling mute on or o,
 starng a call,
 switching scanning on or o, or if the user
was in a call, ends the call and turns switch-
ing on,
 manually tuning the antenna,
 adjusng the receiver frequency to compen-
sate for any frequency dierence between
the receiver and the transmier,
 selecng the mode (either USB or LSB),
 selecng the channel frequency for the com-
municaon.
CODAN HF Data Decoder

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The data is passed from the terminal soware
of the PC to the 3212 modem. It is processed
by the 3212 modem and then send to the CO-
DAN transceiver for transfer via HF to the
transceivers in the communicaon system. At
the receiving node, the data is transferred
from the transceiver to the 3212 modem,
where it is decoded, and then sent to the ter-
minal soware of the PC. In order to send data
between mulple modems, the corresponding
transceivers need to be set to the same chan-
nel. A front panel LED indicator shows pres-
ence of power, modem link status and
throughput of the transmied or received da-
ta.
Prior to sending data between two modems, a
proprietary ALE (automac link establishment)
will provide automac channel selecon. CO-
DAN modems operate under full-duplex mode,
so they act as RS232 (serial communicaon
transmission of data) link between two sta-
ons once a link is established. The data be-
tween two or more CODAN-3212 modems can
either be sent by a peer-to-peer communica-
on (Selecve Repeat ARQ protocol) or by a
broadcast communicaon (Non-ARQ protocol).
The Selecve Repeat ARQ (Selecve Automac
Repeat Request) is a protocol for error detec-
on and error correcon in a data transmission
and is a specic instance of the ARQ protocol.
In a Selecve Repeat ARQ transmission, the
transming node needs an explicit conrma-
on that the data was received at the receiving
node. When the receiver detects an error in a
received frame, it automacally requests the
transmier to resend the frame, whereas in
other forms of the ARQ protocol, every frame
from that point must be sent again. This pro-
cess repeats unl the packet is error free or
the error connues beyond a predened num-
ber of transmissions and thus the communica-
on breaks down on poor condions. In a Non-
ARQ transmission, the transming node sends
packets to the receiving node, without explicit
conrmaon that the data was received at the
receiving node. In a peer-to-peer communica-
on, only two modems are involved (sender
and receiver), whereas in a broadcast commu-
nicaon all modems within a certain address
range can be addressed. The setup of a peer-to
-peer and a broadcast communicaon is illus-
trated in Figure 2. Error-free transmission is
guaranteed for peer-to-peer communicaons,
but not for broadcast communicaons in di-
cult transmission condions without the possi-
bility of repeon (ARQ). Addionally, in a
peer-to-peer communicaon the data can be
sent using a compression, which is not possible
in the broadcast mode because of the unrelia-
ble communicaon condions. A lossless com-
pression format is used for compressing CO-
DAN-3212 data stream with arbitrarily length.
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CODAN HF Data Decoder

4
Prior to sending data between the CODAN mo-
dems, a proprietary ALE is used for link estab-
lishment consisng an 80 Baud (symbols/sec)
Chirp signal. ALE refers to HF Automac Link
Establishment (ALE). Today most of the ALE
systems operate according to the US federal
standard (FED-STD-1045) or the higher speci-
caon Military standard (MIL-STD-188-141B).
ALE is a mechanism allowing an HF radio to au-
tomacally determine the best channel to es-
tablish a link. CODAN ALE oers convenient
features such as text messaging, GPS posion
send or request, and broadcast calling. The da-
ta staon originang a data call transmits a
Chirp sequence with signalling informaon.
This informaon causes a RING signal at the
receiving node. If the receiving node accepts
the call, an exchange of more signalling infor-
maon follows. The signalling informaon con-
tains the source and desnaon address, as
well as the parameters of each modem, such
as the serial number, the tuning and the trans-
mission mode: secure, secure interacve and
unsecure (compressed or uncompressed). In a
peer-to-peer communicaon, the sender and
the receiver exchange informaon about their
parameters, whereas in a broadcast communi-
caon only the sender sends informaon
about his parameters. Once all the signalling
informaon has been sent, the link is estab-
lished and the data transfer between the mo-
dems begins.
Advanced Protocols
CODAN-CHIRP — Automac Link Establishment
CODAN HF Data Decoder
The CODAN-3012 HF data modem provides a
fast, reliable and cost-eecve text and data
communicaon possibility for organisaons
operang in areas with unreliable telecommu-
nicaons infrastructure. CODAN-3212 compa-
bility mode is used to communicate with other
CODAN-3012 modems. The CODAN-3012
waveform transports data using a selecve re-
peat ARQ protocol. The modulaon and coding
systems incorporate design features to elimi-
nate the eects of mul-path delay, selecve
fading, frequency oset error, frequency burst,
dynamic range limitaons and protocol cross-
linking in the HF transmission. Prior to sending
data between the modems, a proprietary ALE
is used for link establishment consisng with
an 80 Baud (symbols/sec) chirp signal. The CO-
DAN-3012 waveform is modulated onto 16
tones, with a spacing of 112.5 Hz between the
channels and a bandwidth of 1800 Hz. The mo-
dem supports a user data rate of 2400 bit/sec
and the modulaon type is dierenal quater-
nary phase-shi keying (DQPSK). It further per-
mits data transfer rates up to 6000 bit/sec
(compressed) and up to 1475 bit/sec
(uncompressed). The CODAN-3012 mode sup-
ports several modes for transmission, where
the packet structure of each mode is dierent.
The dierent transmission modes are: secure,
secure interacve and unsecure (compressed
or uncompressed).
CODAN-3012 and CODAN-3212 Compability Mode

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CODAN-3212 HF data modem provides a relia-
ble, cost-eecve and high speed mobile data
communicaon in remote areas with poor tele-
communicaons infrastructures. CODAN-3212
is based on the latest modem technology with
an error free data rate up to 7200 bit/sec un-
compressed, typically four mes faster than
comparable modems on the market. Prior to
sending data between the modems, a proprie-
tary ALE is used for link establishment con-
sisng with an 80 Baud (symbols/sec) chirp sig-
nal. The CODAN-3212 waveform is derived
from Military Standard (MIL-STD) waveforms,
which are based on STANAG 4539 and modi-
ed to provide opmal performance over the
commercial 2.4 kHz HF channels. The CODAN-
3212 waveform transports data using the STA-
NAG-5066 protocol. The modulaon is serial
(single-tone) 8-PSK and QAM. The modem sup-
ports the following user data rates in bit/sec:
75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 3600, 4800,
6000 and 7200.
CODAN-3212 High-Speed Mode
CODAN HF Data Decoder
The modes CODAN-CHIRP, CODAN-3012 and
CODAN-3212 are implemented in the
Wavecom decoders (HF Modes → PSK &
OFDM). All of the decoders demodulate and
decode the CODAN signals, use frequency
tracking and correcon methods, verify the
CRC checksum, decompress and decode the
user data. The CODAN decoders automacally
correct small frequency deviaons from the
exact center frequency of the signal. For CO-
DAN-CHIRP, the decoder automacally iden-
es the polarity (NOR or INV), the source and
desnaon address, as well as informaon
about the serial number, the tuning and the
transmission mode (secure, secure interacve
or unsecure, compressed or uncompressed)
(Fig. 3). For CODAN-3012, the decoder auto-
macally idenes the polarity (NOR or INV),
transmission mode (secure, secure interacve
or unsecure) and the scrambling start value for
secure and secure interacve transmissions.
The decoder also indicates if the preamble has
been found and aerwards starts decoding the
data (Fig. 4). For CODAN-3212, the decoder
idenes the user data rate and the interleav-
er, and aerwards starts decoding the data.
The results can be displayed in HEX, Binary or
ASCII format. Addionally, the decoded output
for CODAN-3212 can be displayed according to
the STANAG-5066 protocol and the quality of
the decoded CODAN-3212 signal can be visual-
ized in the phase plane (Fig. 5).
CODAN-CHIRP, CODAN-3012 and CODAN-3212 Implemen-
taon by Wavecom

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Advanced Protocols
Fig. 4 CODAN-3012 decoding output.
CODAN HF Data Decoder
Fig. 3 CODAN-CHIRP decoding output.

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Fig. 5 CODAN-3012 decoding output with phase plane.
Advanced Protocols
[1] Internet hps://www.digi.com/resources/documentaon/Digidocs/9000145613/concepts/
c_point_to_mulpoint.htm
[2] Wikipedia hps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selecve_Repeat_ARQ
[3] CODAN-3012 Data Modem Fact Sheet
[4] CODAN-3212 Data Modem Fact Sheet
[5] NGT Transceiver SRx, Geng Started Guide
[6] HF Data Modem 3212 User Guide
[7] Internet hps://www.codanradio.com
Reference
CODAN HF Data Decoder

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Since more than thirty years Wavecom Elektronik
AG has developed, manufactured and distributed
high quality devices and soware for the decoding
and retrieval of informaon from wireless data
communicaon in all frequency bands. The nature
of the data communicaon may be arbitrary, but
commonly contains text, images and voice. The
company is internaonally established within this
industry and maintains a longstanding, world-wide
network of distributors and business partners.
© WAVECOM® ELEKTRONIK AG 2022 - All rights reserved
Microso, Encarta, MSN and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microso Corporaon in the United States and/or other countries. TETRA (Trans-European Trunked Ra-
dio Architecture) is a registered trademark of ETSI (European Telecommunicaon Standards Instute).
WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG
8090 Zurich, Switzerland
E-Mail: sal[email protected]h
Internet: www.wavecom.ch
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CODAN HF Data Decoder