WEICHAI WD10 User manual

Service Manual for WD10Mechanical Pump Series Engine
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Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
WD10 China II series diesel engine (China II emission standard)

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
Special Tips
Operators must carefully read Diesel Engine Instruction Manual before operating, all technical
operations and maintenance regulations specified in the manual must be strictly complied with.
Turbocharger rotor is precision high-speed rotating component, unauthorized disassembling
and crashing is strictly prohibited, otherwise the “three guarantees” we committed shall
automatically become invalid.
Various bolts like diesel engine main bearing bolts and connecting rod bolts have strict torque
requirements and tightening angle requirements, users are not allowed to loosen or remove the
bolts casually; connecting rod bolts are disposable bolts, do not reuse them, otherwise the
“three guarantees” we committed shall automatically become invalid.
The added engine oil or diesel oil, whose brand must complied with requirements specified in
operation and maintenance manual, moreover, all oil must be filtered with specialized clean
filter, fuel must be subsided for more than 72 hours before adding; Before operating the
machine each time, check and ensure coolant level and engine oil level meet the requirements.
It is forbidden to run the diesel engine without an air filter to prevent unfiltered air entering into
cylinders.
Test-run a new machine for 50 hours (run-in period) before putting it into operation.
Increase the engine rotating speed slowly after cold starting, neither increase the speed abruptly
or long-term idling is proper; After heavy load running, do not stop the engine immediately
(peculiar circumstance exception), you should run it at low speed for 5~10 minutes before
shutting down;
After parking, if the ambient temperature is likely to be lower than 0oC and there is unused
coolant in the machine, please be sure to drain the coolant in water tank and diesel engine out;
To prevent rusting, the diesel engine is sealed with oil before delivery, seal period for common
diesel engine before unpacking is one year, for new diesel engine that has been sealed for more
than one year should be inspected and taken additional measures.
Please add fuel of specified brand at a normal gas station, Weichai Power shares no
responsibility for fuel system damage caused by inferior fuel, and the “three guarantees” we
committed shall automatically become invalid.
Please overhaul and maintenance the engine at the service station specified by Weichai Power,
and only used Weichai Power specified spare parts for replacement, otherwise Weichai Power
shares no responsibility for damage caused by using unauthorized parts.

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
Preface
As an advanced high-speed diesel engine, WD10 is a newly-developed product of Weichai Power
Company Limited based on bran-new design concept, which meets China II emission standard.
WD10 diesel engine has the features of compact structure, reliable service, excellent dynamic
property and economic efficiency, rapid start, easy operation and convenient maintenance. WD10
can achieve advanced emissions target, definitely an ideal engine for heavy vehicles.
This manual briefly introduced the technical parameters, structural features, operation and
maintenance methods, and overhaul tips of WD10 diesel engine, for users to refer to; provided
service technologies of diesel engine to help serviceman profoundly understand disassembly and
assembly methods of the engine, also laid a solid technical foundation for serviceman to do
troubleshooting. Please carefully read this manual to make the best use of it. With development of
product, some structures may be improved, so there might be a slight difference between technical
specifications and graphic descriptions in this manual and the real machine in use, users should pay
attention to the differences despite our company will continuously do the complements in the
successive versions.
SDLG
Technology Department
June 2014

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
CONTENTS
1Usage Instructions for Diesel Engine.....................................................................1
11 External View of Diesel Engine.............................................................................1
12 Diesel Engine Model Composition and Significance.............................................3
13 Diesel Engine Main Technical Parameters.............................................................3
14 Unseal of Diesel engine..........................................................................................5
15 Lifting of Diesel Engine .........................................................................................6
16 Installation of Engine..............................................................................................6
17 Preparation before Starting Engine.........................................................................6
18 Start the Engine.......................................................................................................7
19 Run the Engine .......................................................................................................7
2Maintenance Guidelines for Diesel Engine............................................................9
21 Fuel Oil, Engine oil, Coolant and Auxiliary Materials ..........................................9
211 Fuel Oil...........................................................................................................9
212 Engine Oil.......................................................................................................9
213 Lubrication of Tensioning Wheel.................................................................10
214 Antifreeze Additive in Engine Cooling System...........................................10
215 Auxiliary Materials.......................................................................................11
22 Daily Maintenance................................................................................................12
221 Check Coolant Level and Temperature........................................................12
222 Check Engine Oil Level ...............................................................................13
223 Check Fuel Level..........................................................................................14
224 Check “Three Leakages” ..............................................................................14
225 Check Fan.....................................................................................................14
226 Check Belt ....................................................................................................14
227 Check Whether Exhaust Gas Color is Normal.............................................14
228 Check Whether Running Sound is Normal ..................................................15
229 Check Whether Rotating Speed and Vibration are Normal .........................15
23 Periodic Maintenance ...........................................................................................15
24 Maintenance for Long-Term Storage...................................................................20
241 Cleaning........................................................................................................20
242 Protection......................................................................................................20

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
3Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Diesel Engine Common Faults.....................21
31 Diagnostic Methods..............................................................................................21
32 Fault Causes and Elimination Methods................................................................22
321 Diesel Engine Couldn’t Be Started ..............................................................22
322 Diesel Engine Stops Soon after Starting ......................................................23
323 Underpower..................................................................................................23
324 Large Fuel Consumption..............................................................................24
325 Engine Gives off Black Smoke ....................................................................25
326 Engine Gives off White and Blue Smoke ....................................................25
327 Turbocharger Intake Port and Intake Pipe Are Accumulated with Engine Oil
…………………………………………………………………………...26
328 Unstable Engine Speed.................................................................................26
329 Low Engine Oil Pressure..............................................................................26
3210High Cooling Water Temperature ..............................................................27
3211 Rapid Wear of Parts....................................................................................27
3212Excessive Noise..........................................................................................28
3213Starter Motor Doesn’t Work .......................................................................28
3214Underpowered Starter Motor......................................................................29
3215Generator Generates Nothing .....................................................................29
3216Generator Undercharging ...........................................................................29
3217Unstable Charging Voltage.........................................................................30
3218Generator Overcharging .............................................................................30
3219Generator Produces Abnormal Sound........................................................30
4Disassembly & Assembly of Diesel Engine.........................................................31
41 Overview...............................................................................................................31
411 Danger Signs.................................................................................................31
412 Safety Signs..................................................................................................32
413 Recommended Tools....................................................................................33
414 Notes for Health Protection..........................................................................33
415 Environmental Protection Measures ............................................................34
416 Notes for Disassembly and Assembly of Engine.........................................34
417 Explode View of the Whole Engine.............................................................35
42 Cylinder Cover Assembly ....................................................................................36
421 Disassembly and Assembly of Cylinder Cover Assembly ..........................36

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
422 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Cylinder Cover
Shield............................................................................................................38
423 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Water Outlet Pipe
…………………………………………………………………………...39
424 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Oil-Gas Separator
…………………………………………………………………………...41
425 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Hanger Plates.....42
426 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Cylinder Cover..43
43 Engine Block Assembly .......................................................................................51
431 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Block
Assembly ......................................................................................................51
432 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Block
Module..........................................................................................................54
433 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Front Cover
…………………………………………………………………………...56
434 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Gear Housing.....57
435 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Flywheel Housing
…………………………………………………………………………...59
436 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Oil Sump............60
437 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Piston Nozzle.....62
438 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Thrust Plates......63
439 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Front and Rear Oil
Seals..............................................................................................................64
44 Crank-Rod Mechanism.........................................................................................66
441 Disassembly and Assembly of Crank-Rod Mechanism...............................66
442 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Piston-Rod
Assembly ......................................................................................................67
443 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Crankshaft .........70
444 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Flywheel and Ring
Gear...............................................................................................................72
445 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Damper and
Crankshaft Pulley..........................................................................................74
446 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Crankshaft Bearing
Shell..............................................................................................................75
45 Valve Mechanism.................................................................................................76
451 Disassembly and Assembly of Valve Mechanism.......................................76
452 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Camshaft............77

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
453 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Rocker and Rocker
Shaft..............................................................................................................79
454 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Valve Tappet and
Pushrod.........................................................................................................82
455 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Valve .................83
456 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Intermediate Gear
…………………………………………………………………………...85
46 Intake and Exhaust System...................................................................................87
461 Disassembly and Assembly of Intake and Exhaust System.........................87
462 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Intake Pipe.........88
463 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Exhaust Pipe......89
464 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Turbocharger
System ..........................................................................................................90
47 Fuel System ..........................................................................................................93
471 Disassembly and Assembly of Fuel System ................................................93
472 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Fuel Injection Pump
…………………………………………………………………………...94
473 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of High Pressure Fuel
Pipes..............................................................................................................96
474 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Fuel Injector ......97
48 Cooling System.....................................................................................................99
481 Disassembly and Assembly of Cooling System...........................................99
482 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Fan...................100
483 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Water Pump.....101
484 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Thermostat.......103
49 Lubricating System.............................................................................................105
491 Disassembly and Assembly of Lubricating System...................................105
492 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Oil Pump
………………………………………………………………………….106
493 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Oil Pump
Intermediate Gear...................................................................……………107
494 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Oil Filter
………………………………………………………………………….108
495 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Oil Cooler
Cap..............................................................................................................109
496 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Oil Cooler
………………………………………………………………………….110

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
497 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Main Oil Gallery
Pressure Limiting Valve.............................................................................111
498 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Oil Cooler
Bypass Valve..............................................................................................112
499 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Engine Oil Strainer
………………………………………………………………………….113
410 Starting System.................................................................................................114
4101 Disassembly and Assembly of Starting System.......................................114
4102 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Starter Motor .114
411 Engine Accessory System.................................................................................116
4111 Disassembly and Assembly of Engine Accessory System.......................116
4112 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Generator.......122
4113 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of A/C Compressor
....................................................................................................................130
4114 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Air Compressor
....................................................................................................................137
4115 Disassembly, Inspection, Maintenance and Assembly of Steering Pump146

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
1
1Usage Instructions for Diesel Engine
11 External View of Diesel Engine

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
2

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
3
12 Diesel Engine Model Composition and Significance
WD10 G XXXE2 XX
Variant code
Emission standard
Power code
Application code
Product series code
13 Diesel Engine Main Technical Parameters
Table 1-1 Main Technical Parameters of WD10 China II series diesel engine
Engine type
Water-cooling, 4-stroke, brake with build-in air
bleeding valve, in-line, direct injection,
supercharged and intercooling
Cylinder diameter/Stroke
126/130
Displacement (L)
9.726
Compression ratio
17:1
Ignition order
1-5-3-6-2-4
Fuel injection equipment
Mechanical pump
Valve clearance in cold state
Intake valve 0.3; Exhaust valve 0.4; EVB system
0.25
Valve timing (Valve clearance: when intake
valve 0.3, exhaust valve 0.4)
Intake valve open BTDC 34°~39°
Intake valve closed ABDC 61°~ 67°
Exhaust valve open BBDC 76°~ 81°
Exhaust valve open ATDC 26°~ 31°
Thermostat opening temperature (oC)
83
Start-up mode
Electric starting
Lubrication method
Force-feed lubrication
Lubricating oil capacity (L)
23

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
4
Cooling mode
Water-cooling forced circulation
Engine oil pressure (kPa)
350~550
Engine oil pressure at engine idle speed (kPa)
100~250
Allowed longitudinal
inclination (°)
Front/Rear
Long-term 10/10
Short-term 30/30
Allowed transverse
inclination (°)
Exhaust pipe
side/Injection pump
side
Long-term 45/15
Short-term 45/30
Crankshaft rotating direction (View from free
end)
Clockwise
Table 1-2 Main Technical Parameters of WD10 China II series diesel engine
Unit
WD10 engine
Engine model
G240E211
G220E221
G210E211
G210E241
G200E251
G175E251
G220E211
220E231
G210E221
G175E231
G200E251
G156E261
Engine type
—
Water-cooling, 4-stroke, brake with build-in air bleeding valve,
in-line, direct injection, supercharged and intercooling
Displacement
L
9.726
Cylinder
diameter×Stroke
mm
126×130
Number of cylinders
—
6
Number of air valves
for each cylinder
2
Fuel injection
equipment
Mechanical pump
Rated power
kW
199
213
247
276
Rated speed
r/min
2200
Maximum torque
Nm
1100
1160
1250
1460
Speed at maximum
torque
r/min
1200~1600
Emission standard
—
Fuel consumption
rate at rated power
g/(kWh)
217

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
5
Minimum fuel
consumption under
full load
g/(kWh)
196
Cold start—with aid
oC
-25
White smoke
discharge
Light
obscuration
After 20s idling≤15%
Noise at 1m
dB(A)
<104
B10 service life
km
800,000
14 Unseal of Diesel engine
After opened the engine packing container, the user should firstly check the engine and its
accessories according to the packing list, check whether engine appearance is damaged and whether
connections are loose, and then perform the following work:
(1) Wipe up the antirust coat and anticorrosive agent on exposed surface of the engine.
(2) Drain seal fuel in fuel filter and parts of fuel system out (It’s also allowed to start the engine
without draining seal fuel in fuel system, but only can the engine be loaded after all seal fuel
are consumed and normal diesel fuel is supplied in place).
ATTENTION: The users also need to pay attention to that storage life for diesel engine
before unpacking is one year, for new diesel engine that has been stored for more than
one year should be inspected and taken additional measures:
Rotate the flywheel and spray solvent into engine intake tube, until all seal fuel in cylinders
is expelled.
Spray solvent into turbocharger intake and exhaust vent, until all seal fuel there is expelled.
According to the service agreement with customer, we are obliged to add specified engine
oil to engine without oil in oil sump; while for engine that has been filled with engine oil
(with running-in accelerant) before being delivered, we suggest you replace the engine oil
after run-in period (2000km or 50h).
According to the service agreement with customer, for engine that has been filled with
coolant before delivery under customer’s requirements, the coolant performance should be
checked after unpacking, if the coolant is subjected to -30oC or -35oC, its PH should be 7~8
(neutral) and hardness value should be 5~15°d[9~15°f (hardness)], otherwise, drain the old
coolant and out and refill coolant with antifreeze additive.

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
6
15 Lifting of Diesel Engine
Keep the center line of engine crankshaft horizontal during lifting, tilting or unilateral lifting is
strictly forbidden. Keep the lifting-up and putting-down process slowly (refer to Fig. 1-1).
Correct Wrong
Fig. 1-1 Lifting of diesel engine
16 Installation of Engine
For installation, please ensure the center line of engine crankshaft and input shaft axis of
transmission (transmission box, gearbox or generator) are coaxial. And make sure the crankshaft is
not subjected to additional axial force caused by assembly.
17 Preparation before Starting Engine
(1) Check coolant level
If the engine is already installed on a vehicle or platform, you can check the coolant level
through the glass window on expansion water tank at any time, if the coolant is insufficient,
open the filler cap to add coolant. When open a filler cap with pressure relief valve and exhaust
button, be sure to press down exhaust button in advance if the engine is in hot state. Avoid
filling plenty of coolant when the engine is hot, otherwise some parts may be damaged due to
sharp temperature reduction. In an extraordinary situation, if there is no coolant in the engine, it
is allowed to add not too cold water slowly until the water overflows. Start the engine, run the
engine at 1000r/min and keep adding coolant until level gets stable, finally close the filler cap.
(2) Check fuel level
If the engine is already installed on a vehicle, turn on power switch, check the fuel level gauge

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
7
on instrument panel or check the fuel tank.
(3) Check engine oil level
Engine oil level should between the bottom scale and top scale on oil dipstick, add engine oil
through oil filling port if necessary.
(4) Check whether all accessories are reliably connected to the engine and eliminate abnormal
phenomenon. Check whether start-up system wirings are normal, whether storage battery is
fully charged. And then open fuel tank valve, loosen the air bleeding screw on fuel coarse filter,
deflate the fuel system by using the hand pump on fuel coarse filter.
18 Start the Engine
(1) Turn on the power switch and insert the electric lock key, put gear shifting handle in neutral,
then begin to start the engine.
(2) Depress the clutch pedal and accelerator pedal, and then turn the electric lock key to start the
engine. If the engine failed to start in 5~10s, then restart it 1min later. But if failed three times
in a row, you should stop trying, find out the cause and eliminate it. After the engine is started,
pay attention to all readings of gauges on instrument panel and keep the engine run idly, at this
point engine oil pressure gauge should indicate pressure immediately. Do not run the cold
engine at high speed, keep the engine run idly for a while to warm the engine up but idling time
should not be too long.
(3) Use starting aid to start the engine in cold weather. By controlling the relay to put heating
equipment into work, the engine can be successfully started in -30oC environment.
19 Run the Engine
(1) After the engine is started, firstly let it run idly for several minutes, and then increase the speed
to 1000~1200r/min and partially load the engine. Do not run the engine in full load and high
speed unless coolant temperature is higher than 60oC and engine oil temperature is higher than
50oC. The load and speed should be increased gradually, try not to load or unload abruptly.
(2) In the 60h run-in period (First 3000km), the engine is only suitable for moderate duty work and
under, and no towing operation.
(3) Slow down when traveling on a slope, and long-term high torque operation is inadvisable. It is
also inappropriate to keep the engine at low speed and low load, otherwise failure like
lubricating oil carry-over may occur.
(4) It is allowed to run the engine at rated power and rated speed for normal use, but only no more
than 20min is allowed for overload running (105% rated speed or 110% rated power). Only
idling for 1~2min after unloading should the engine be shut down.

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
8
(5) Parameters and check points that should always be noticed during normal use:
Engine oil pressure (main gallery) 350~500kPa.
Engine oil temperature in oil sump <110oC.
Coolant outlet temperature 80+5oC, should not exceed 93oC
Turbine-rear exhaust temperature ≤550oC;
Intake air temperature after intercooler 50~55oC.
Check the exhaust gas color to determine working quality of injector and load condition, if the
color is seriously bad, stop the engine for inspection.
ATTENTION: When the engine is in operation, check it for water leakage, air leakage
and oil leakage, and stop the engine immediately for troubleshooting.
(6) Following diesel engine features should be fully aware by operator:
1) The engine consumes less fuel when output torque is large, and fuel consumption rises as
engine speed increases.
2) Output torque reaches the best value at intermediate speed range (1200~1600r/min).
3) Engine output power increases as rotating speed gets faster, and reaches rated power at
rated speed.
(7) Notes for running the engine in cold environment:
1) Fuel oil: Choose different brands of diesel fuel based on ambient temperature.
2) Engine oil: Choose engine oil of different viscosity according to season.
3) Coolant: Antifreeze additive is required for cooling system, choose different brands and
different proportion based on ambient temperature.
4) Starting: Use starting aid to start the engine in winter. Load and speed up the engine only
after oil pressure and water temperature get normal.
5) Storage battery: Be sure to check electrolyte level, viscosity and unit voltage before winter
comes. If the engine needs to be stored in cold weather for long term, be sure to take down
the battery and put it in warm environment.
6) Stop: For shutting down the engine in cold weather, you should firstly unload it and run it
idly for 1~2min, stop the engine after all temperature drops down. Notice that coolant with
antifreeze additive mustn’t be drained out after stop. For coolant without antifreeze
additive, it must be drained out to prevent frost cracking the engine, open the water drain
valve or cap on engine block, engine oil cooler, radiator and water inlet pipe to drain the
coolant out.

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
9
2Maintenance Guidelines for Diesel Engine
21 Fuel Oil, Engine oil, Coolant and Auxiliary Materials
211 Fuel Oil
Summer: 0# diesel fuel (GB252)
Winter: -10# diesel fuel is generally used, choose -20# diesel fuel if ambient temperature lower than
-15oC, and choose -35# diesel fuel if ambient temperature lower than -30oC.
The chosen fuel should meet requirements in appendix C.6 of GB17691-2005 (Revised in June
2008).
212 Engine Oil
Diesel engine oil capacity: 23L, engine oil level is subjected to the marks on oil dipstick (there
might slight differences between different models).
Selection of engine oil: To ensure safety and reliable operation of your diesel engine, please choose
15W/40CF-4 or 5W/40CF-4 engine oil. If ambient temperature is higher than -15oC, select
15W/40CF-4 engine oil and 5W/40CF-4 is applicable for ambient temperature lower than -15oC
(Weichai dedicated engine oil is recommended, and only choose Weichai dedicated engine oil for
the first replacement).
Table 2-1 Lubricating oil brand option list
Ambient
temperature Multi-grade oil Ambient
temperature
ATTENTION: It is not allowed to apply CE, CD, CC, CB, and CA grade engine oil to WP10
China II series diesel engine. Replace the filter along with the engine oil replacement.

Service Manual for WD10 Diesel Engine
10
213 Lubrication of Tensioning Wheel
Apply general purpose lithium lubricating grease for lubrication of tensioning wheel (refer to
GB/T5671-1995)
214 Antifreeze Additive in Engine Cooling System
The adopted antifreeze additive is ethylene glycol, and it is allowed to replace it with domestic
long-acting antifreeze additive with reliable quality, refer to related description for specific
application method. The following two long-acting antifreeze additives in china are recommended:
JFL－336# Long-acting antifreeze additive
FD－30# Long-acting antifreeze additive
It's important to note that long-acting antifreeze additive should be replaced periodically according
to related requirements.
Calculation of antifreeze additive (for reference)
Coolant amount: 40L (for an engine with radiator)
Current application temperature of coolant: -20oC
Required minimum anti-freezing temperature: -30oC
Calculation method: Find the point of coolant amount “40L”on x-coordinate, and draw a vertical
line through this point, and point 1 and 2 are the intersections between the vertical line and -20oC
oblique line, -30oC oblique line respectively. (As shown in Fig. 2-1)
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56
Minimum anti-freezing temperature
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
13.5
17.5
Coolant amount (L)
Amount of antifreeze additive (L)
Fig. 2-1 Antifreeze additive calculation map