Western Digital WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD User manual

WD Blue™3D NAND SATA SSD
Internal SSD Storage
User Manual

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Table of Contents
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Accessing Online Support.................................................................................ii
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1 Preface............................................................................................................. 1
Typographical Conventions Used...................................................................................1
Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms...................................................................... 1
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2 Introduction................................................................................................... 2
General Description.........................................................................................................2
Key Features.....................................................................................................................2
Functional Description.....................................................................................................4
Advanced Flash Management.........................................................................................4
Defect and Error Management...........................................................................................4
Wear Leveling......................................................................................................................4
Bad Block Management...................................................................................................... 5
Background Garbage Collection....................................................................................... 5
Tiered Caching.................................................................................................................... 5
Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC)......................................................................................5
Advanced Power Management.......................................................................................5
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3 General Product Specifications....................................................................7
Interface............................................................................................................................ 7
Hardware Configuration..................................................................................................7
Storage Capacity............................................................................................................. 7
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4 Performance...................................................................................................9
WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD 2.5"/7mm Cased...........................................................9
WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD M.2 2280.........................................................................9
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5 Power Characteristics..................................................................................10
Supply Voltage............................................................................................................... 10
Average Active Power Consumption........................................................................... 10
Average Maximum Operating Power Consumption.................................................... 11
Peak Power and Maximum Current Consumption........................................................11
Maximum In-Rush Current Power Consumption..........................................................12
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Low Power Consumption Modes..................................................................................12
Power Mode Transition Times....................................................................................... 13
Graceful Power-off Requirements.................................................................................13
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6 Thermal Throttling........................................................................................14
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7 Endurance..................................................................................................... 15
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8 Field Firmware Update (FFU)...................................................................... 16
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9 Physical Specifications.................................................................................17
SATA 2.5"/7mm Cased Form Factor.............................................................................17
M.2 2280 Form Factor.................................................................................................... 18
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10 Environmental Specifications................................................................... 20
Temperature...................................................................................................................20
Humidity......................................................................................................................... 20
Vibration.........................................................................................................................20
Shock.............................................................................................................................. 20
Altitude............................................................................................................................21
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)........................................................................................21
Acoustics.........................................................................................................................21
EMI/RFI Compliance.......................................................................................................21
Chemical Restrictions.................................................................................................... 21
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11 Regulatory Standards and Compliance....................................................22
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12 Windows Device Certifications................................................................ 24
HCK Certification........................................................................................................... 24
HLK Certification............................................................................................................24
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13 Reliability Characteristics..........................................................................25
Uncorrectable Bit Error Rate (UBER)............................................................................25
Mean Time to Failure (MTTF).........................................................................................25
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14 Interface......................................................................................................26
Supported Standards.....................................................................................................26
SATA Pin Assignments: Signal.......................................................................................26
SATA Pin Assignments: Power......................................................................................26
M.2 Pin Assignments...................................................................................................... 27
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15 Supported ATA Commands......................................................................30
Command Set................................................................................................................ 30
Identify Device Data...................................................................................................... 34
Log Pages....................................................................................................................... 38
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16 Ordering Information................................................................................. 39
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1Preface
Typographical Conventions Used
The following typographical conventions are used in this manual:
▪ Italics – Used to indicate a technically defined term or state.
▪ Constant width – Used to show a literal technical command or response.
Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms
DEVSLP Device Sleep
DIPM Device Initiated Power Management
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
FFU Field Firmware Update
HIPM Host Initiated Power Management
IOPS Input/Output Operations Per Second
LBA Logical Block Addressing
LDPC Low-density Parity-check
MTTF Mean Time to Failure
NGFF Next Generation Form Factor
SLC Single Level Cell
SMART Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting
Technology
SSD Solid State Drive
TBW Terabytes Written
TLC Triple Level Cell
Preface
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2Introduction
This product manual describes the functional, mechanical, and interface
specifications for the WD Blue™3D NAND SATA SSD (solid-state drive).
General Description
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD delivers high performance and reliability with low
power consumption in large capacities. It is based on state-of-the-art BiCS3 64L
TLC (triple level cell) flash technology and incorporates the proven tiered caching
architecture designed to improve responsiveness for corporate and consumer
workloads.
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD is optimized for the demanding power
management requirements of Ultrathin and small form factor products. It features
Device Sleep (DEVSLP), more frequent use of low-power modes, and fast transitions
between various power modes.
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD also features a robust error-handling mechanism
technology which uses a page-level striping with distributed parity for an added
layer of data protection. This mechanism thus recovers errors, without interrupting
user data flow that other traditional error correction mechanisms cannot.
Available in either a SATA 2.5”/7mm cased or an M.2 2280 form factor, the WD Blue
3D NAND SATA SSD offers drive capacities of 250 gigabyte1(GB), 500GB, 1
terabyte2(TB), and 2TB.
Key Features
▪ Flash Technology
◦BiCS3 64L 3D TLC
▪ Unformatted Capacities3
◦250GB
◦500GB
◦1TB
◦2TB
▪ Form Factors
◦SATA 2.5”/7mm cased: complies with SFF-8223 and SFF-8201
◦M.2 2280-S2-B-M4: complies with PCI Express M.2 (NGFF) Electromechanical
Specification, rev. 1.0
11 gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion bytes. Some of the drive capacity is used for formatting and
other functions and is not available for data storage.
21 terabyte (TB) = 1 trillion bytes. Available in both the 2.5”/7mm cased and M.2 2280
form factors.
3Logical capacity of the drive conforms to the IDEMA HDD Specification. See
www.idema.org for details. A portion of the drive capacity is not available for data
storage. 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion bytes. 1 terabyte (TB) = 1 trillion bytes.
4250GB, 500GB, and 1TB comply with 2280-S2-B-M, while 2TB complies with 2280-S3-B-
M.
Introduction
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◦M.2 2280 is single-sided for all capacities
▪ Interface to Host
◦SATA III 6Gb/s (rev. 3.2) compliant
◦Backwards compatible with SATA II 3Gb/s and SATA I 1.5Gb/s
◦ATA 8 command set ACS-4
◦NCQ support up to queue depth of 32
◦SMART support
▪ High Performance5
◦Sequential read up to: 560 MB/s
◦Sequential write up to: 530 MB/s
◦4K random read up to: 95,000 IOPS
◦4K random write up to: 84,000 IOPS
▪ Low Power Consumption6
◦Maximum active power: less than or equal to 7,900mW
◦Average power: 60mW
◦Slumber low-power mode: 49.9mW - 56.5mW
◦DEVSLP low-power mode: 4.9mW - 11.9mW
▪ Endurance7
◦Up to 500 TBW
▪ Advanced Flash Management
◦Tiered caching architecture
◦Error-management system
◦TRIM command support
◦Dynamic and static wear leveling
◦Bad block management
◦Background garbage collection
▪ Dynamic Thermal Throttling
◦Performance may be throttled in order to avoid cases where the temperature
exceeds the product allowable temperature envelope
◦Three modes dependent on thermal conditions
▪ High Reliability
◦Mean time to failure (MTTF): Up to 1,752,000 hours
◦Uncorrectable bit error rate (UBER): 1 bit per 1016 bits read
◦Operational and non-operational shock: 1,500G, 0.5ms half sine
◦Operational vibration: 5gRMS, 10–2000 Hz
◦Non-operational vibration: 4.9gRMS, 7–800 Hz
◦Operational temperature8: 0˚C to 70˚C (32˚F to 158˚F)
◦Non-operational temperature and storage8,9: -55˚C to +85˚C (-67˚F to 185˚F)
5Performance measured for 500GB product, using CrystalDiskMark (1000MB LBA range)
on SATA 6Gb/s host.
6Power measured (all capacities) via MobileMark™2014 @ 3.3V on SATA 6Gb/s host
(drive configured, DIPM enabled, HIPM disabled)
72TB capacity using JEDEC client workload (JESD219).
8Operational temperature is defined as ambient temperature around the SSD. It is not
measured from the on-board temperature sensor. It is important to note that on-board
temperature sensor readings are expected to be higher than ambient temperature
when the SSD is placed inside a system.
Introduction
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Functional Description
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD supports the following features:
▪ Support for multi-stream – improves user experience in multitasking systems
▪ Support for TRIM command – sustains drive’s high performance over time
▪ Minimal write amplification – increases endurance and performance
▪ Tiered caching, including use of allocated SLC blocks
▪ Support for ATA register and command set (ATA-8/ACS-4 standard)
▪ SMART feature support
▪ Error recovery using Error Correction Code (ECC)
▪ Self-management of NAND memory defects
▪ Advanced power management for low-power operation, including DEVSLP
capability
▪ Error-management system - provides a last line of data protection
▪ Dynamic and static wear leveling to extend the life of the WD Blue 3D NAND
SATA SSD
Advanced Flash Management
Defect and Error Management
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD contains an enhanced defect and error
management system that is similar to systems found in hard disk drives (HDDs). If
necessary, the device will rewrite data from a defective block to a good block. This
action is completely transparent to the host and does not consume any user data
space.
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD soft error rate specification is superior to the HDD
specification. In the rare case when a read error occurs, the drive uses Error
Detection Code (EDC) and Error Correction Code (ECC) algorithms to recover the
data. These defect and error management systems give it unparalleled reliability.
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD also includes a robust error handling mechanism
which can recover errors that other traditional error correction mechanisms cannot.
This mechanism can leverage a hardware XOR core to calculate the extra parity on-
the-fly with minimal impact in performance.
Wear Leveling
Wear leveling is an intrinsic part of the erase pooling functionality. NAND-based
SSDs use dynamic and static wear leveling and automatic block management to
ensure an even distribution of write/erase cycles throughout the entire device.
These processes guarantee high data reliability and maximize flash life expectancy.
Wear leveling is done between all TLC blocks and separately between all SLC
blocks.
9Non-operational storage temperature does not guarantee data retention.
Introduction
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Bad Block Management
Bad blocks are occasionally created during the life cycle of a flash component.
These bad blocks must be marked and replaced dynamically in order to prevent
read/write failures. When a bad block is detected, the embedded Bad Block
Mapping algorithm removes the block from future use.
Background Garbage Collection
The flash management firmware will perform internal housekeeping activities, such
consolidating and flushing the SLC blocks to the TLC storage or reorganizing the
data in the TLC array or SLC array. These activities are performed in the background
and are transparent to the host, thus improving performance while providing a
seamless user experience.
Tiered Caching
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD uses a tiered caching structure to improve write
performance and endurance.
Modern operating systems typically access the storage device using small access
blocks; the majority of these being 4KB. These access blocks are incongruent with
the physical block size (less than 1MB) of the newer generation of flash memory
technology, and writing directly to the TLC array is also slower than writing to SLC
blocks. To overcome these hurdles, the WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD employs three
storage layers:
▪ Volatile cache — DDR DRAM cache
▪ Tiered Caching structure — A non-volatile flash write cache
▪ Mass storage — TLC NAND flash
The tiered caching structure is a pool of X1 blocks which are used as write cache to
accumulate and consolidate all writes at high speed. It works in the background,
then flushes them into the larger X3 storage blocks and uses optimized write
transaction sizes to maximize endurance.
All host data is written to X1 blocks to achieve the highest performance. Three X1
blocks are copied sequentially into one X3 block during the flush to mass storage
when exceeding their threshold.
Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC)
An enhancement introduced with the WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD is the low-
density parity-check (LDPC) error correction code (ECC) technology. LDPC
significantly improves reliability over the previous generation of BCH code,
supports progressive levels of error correction, and runs on-the-fly using a
dedicated hardware core to minimize latency and impact on overall drive
performance. Consequently, it uses less power than deeper dynamic read retries.
Advanced Power Management
The WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD includes an advanced power management
system that supports Device Initiated Power Management (DIPM). Host Initiated
Power Management (HIPM) has been disabled in the WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSD.
Introduction
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