Yamaha P-2200/2201 User manual

YAMAHA
AUTHORIZED
PRODUCTMANUAL
P-2200/2201
SYSTEMAMPLIFIER

P-2200/2201
OPERATING MANUAL

ABOUT THIS MANUAL
SCOPE
The P-2200isa system oriented amplifier, made to be
used inconjunction with mixers, consoles, frequency
dividingnetworks and speakers — those made by
Yamaha orbyother manufacturers. Like any power
amplifier, the P-2200's performance depends onsystem
design and installation, inaddition to itsown capabilities.
Thus, the P-2200 Operating Manual issystem oriented,
describing system design parameters and installation
techniques, as well as the operation and performance of
theP-2200.
Additionally, thismanual reviews a few of the basic
mathematic tools used insystem design,from dB to
Ohm'slaw.
ORGANIZATION
We recommend that you read the entire Operating
Manual. However, ifyou are using theP-2200 inan
existing system, and you are familiar with highpower
amplifiers, the BRIEFOPERATING INSTRUCTIONS,
Pages One 1 & 2, contain all the information necessary for
basic connections and operation.
The SPECIFICATION sections, (Sections THREE
andFOUR) are highlydetailed, includingoscilloscope
photos,and discussions of the P-2200's excellent
performance specifications. The lastpart of the
SPECIFICATIONS section isa discussion of the
advantages ofprofessional equipment, like the P-2200,
compared to hi-fi orsemi-pro equipment.
The INSTALLATION AND DETAILED
OPERATION section, which begins onPageSIX 1,
includes more complete instructions, special considera-
tions for using the P-2200"onthe road,"as well as in
permanent commercial and studio installations. This
section also covers grounding and shielding concepts,
cabling considerations, and several other topics.
TheAPPLICATIONS section, which begins on Page
SEVEN 1,discusses the use of the P-2200 inseveral
typical setups, andincludes wiring diagrams. This section
also covers other devices that are normally associated
with a power amplifier, from graphic equalizers to
compressor/limiters.
The APPENDIX, onPage EIGHT 1,discusses
definitions of a numberof the terms usedinthe manual,
and reviews some of the basic mathematic tools used in
system design,suchas the dB,Ohm's law, voltage
division, and power formulas.
NOTE: The P2201 is identical to the P-2200 except
there are no Peak Reading Meters.

THE P-2200/2201 BRIEFOPERATINGINSTRUCTIONS SECTION ONE
INTRODUCTION SECTIONTWO
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS SECTION THREE
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS & A DISCUSSION OF SPECIFICATIONS SECTION FOUR
THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL AND HI-FI EQUIPMENT SECTION FIVE
IMPEDANCE
1
OPERATINGLEVELS
2
DYNAMIC RANGE
2
GAINOVERLAPANDHEADROOM
4
INPUT SENSITIVITYRATINGS
4
PROFESSIONALEQUIPMENTADVANTAGES
4
INSTALLATION AND DETAILED OPERATION SECTION SIX
PHYSICALMOUNTING
1
CABLING AND IMPEDANCE MATCHING
2
ACTIONS OF THE P-2200 PROTECTION CIRCUITS
13
GROUNDING AND SHIELDING
13
AC: POWER, FUSES,ACCESSORYOUTLETS,WIRING,SAFETY
16
MONO OPERATION
17
APPLICATIONS
BIAMPLIFICATIONAND TRIAMPLIFICATIONSECTION SEVEN
1
ECHO, REVERBAND DELAY 3
COMPRESSION AND LIMITING
3
EQUALIZATION, HIGH AND LOW PASS FILTERS4
SPEAKER PROTECTION
SPECIFICAPPLICATIONS
6
7
APPENDIX
SECTION EIGHT
DEFINITION OF TERMS: dB, dBV, dBm and dBSPL
1
SPECIAL USEOF dB (VOLTS) INTHIS MANUAL
1
OHM'S LAW 2
POWER
2
IMPEDANCE
3
SERIESANDPARALLELIMPEDANCECONNECTIONS
3
VOLTAGE AND CURRENTDIVISION 4
BALANCED, UNBALANCED, AND FLOATING CIRCUITS 5
TRANSFORMERS 5

THE P-2200/2201 BRIEF OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Fig.1A- P-2200 Front Panel
Fig.1B- P2201Front Panel
A. InputAttenuators
Calibrated, stepped inputattenuators lower input
signal levels ahead of amplification stages.
B.PeakReading Meters (P-2200only)
Meters display instantaneous (peak) power output
into an 8-ohmload over a full 50dB range; "0dB" =
100Watts into8 ohms.
C.ThermalWarning Indicator
Warns of overheating before thermal protection
circuit turns off the AC power.
D.PowerIndicator
Glows when the power switch is"on."
E.On-Off Switch
Controls AC power to the P-2200or P2201.
NOTE: The P2201 is identical to the P-2200 except
thereare no Peak Reading Meters. Both are made to be
mounted in a standard 19" wide electronic equipment
rack. Each of them takes up 7" (17.6cm) of vertical
space, and extends 13" (33.0cm) behind its front panel.
For portable racks, we recommend bracing the rear of
the amplifiers.

Fig.2A- P-2200Rear Panel*
Fig.2B- P2201 Rear Panel*
A. Input Connectors
The two XLRinput connectors on each channel are
unbalanced and arewired inparallel with each other
and with the two phone jacks(tip/sleevetype).
B.Input Polarity Switch
Determines the polarity of the twoXLRinput
connectors (Pin 2 orPin 3 " hot "); does not affect the
two phone jacks. See diagram onthe rear panel.
NOTES:
1. Input impedance is 25k-ohms minimum; +4dB
(1.23V) produces 230 watts output into 8 ohms
(44.7V).
2. Input channels may be parallelled by connecting
them together with phone to phone or XLR to XLR
cables as shown on Page SIX 7.
3. Input transformers for matching or isolation,
should be located several inches from the P-2200 or
P2201's power transformer for maximum hum rejection.
C.Output Connectors
Standard 5-way binding posts (3/4" spacing) accept
banana plugsordirect-wired connections.
NOTES:
1. Maximum power output into 8 ohms is 230 watts;
power output rises at lower impedances.
2. Protection circuitry towers power output when
load impedance falls below 2.5 ohms.
D.AC Power Cord
Forthe U.S.and Canadian models, the P-2200/2201
require 117 VAC 50or 60Hz line (105V min., 135V
max.; 8 amps max. at 120volts).
For the Australian model: 240V AC 50 or 60Hz.
For other territories' models, an internalvoltage
selector (220 V/240 V switchable) isprovided near the
rear panel. Inthis case 220 V isfactory-preset. Ifyou
want to change into 240 V line, consult your nearest
Yamaha dealer.
E.Fuses
7amp,125volt(x2),typeAGC (3AG);U.S.and
Canadian models only. 4 amp, 250 volt (x2);other
territories models. Fuses shouldalways bereplaced
with same size and type. If the fuses blow consistently,
the amplifier should bechecked by a qualified Yamaha
service technician.
F.AC Accessory Outlets
These convenience outlets aremade forlow power
cooling fans. Notprovided incertain areas.
The rear panels shown here are subject to U.S. specifications.

INTRODUCTION
The P-2200 is notjust"anotherbigamplifier;"itis
an exciting new approach to high power sound. Yamaha's
leadership is clearly demonstrated by the P-2200's pro-
fessional features, sophisticated design, and uncom-
promising performance.
PEAK READING METERS*
Instead of the more common and slow responding
VU meters, the P-2200has PEAK READING METERS
that accurately display a full five decades (50dB) of
output level. The peak meters have large, illuminated
faces marked with dB and with watts into 8 ohms. The
fast responding meters provide a better way to see the
program dynamics, the transient power demands placed
on the system, and the available headroom. By indicating
headroom, the meters help the operator avoid over-
driving the system, thereby preventing the "clipped"
waveforms so dangerous to drivers and loudspeakers.
CALIBRATED INPUTATTENUATORS
The P-2200 has log-linear INPUT ATTENUATORS to
complement itspeak reading meters. The input attenua-
tors are marked in22dB-calibrated steps, detented for
extra accuracy. The attenuators provide a smooth, noise
free transition from the highest to the lowest audio level.
dB-calibrated
input attenuators have numerous
advantages: onthe road, they allow predictable and
repeatable setups; incommercial sound applications,
they allow easy, accurate inputsensitivity adjustments;
instudios or discos, they letoperators simultaneously
adjust the level oftwo channels (or two programs on
separate amplifiers) with precise tracking.
INPUT AND OUTPUT CONNECTIONS
INPUT CONNECTORS for each channel include one
"male" and one "female" XLRconnector (unbalanced)
plustwo parallel phone jacks. This provides the flexi-
bility necessary for convenient bridging to another
amplifier, as well as for adapter-free connection to
almost any mixer. A POLARITY switch allows either
pin2 or pin3 of the XLRto bechosen as the "hot"
lead, satisfying DIN/JIS or USA standards. Outputs are
standard fiveway binding posts, usable with highcurrent
"banana" plugsordirect wired connections.
MONAURAL OPERATION
The P-2200 may beconverted to a monaural "super
amplifier" byinserting two matched transformers
ahead of the inputs, feeding the same signal to both,
and reversing the POLARITY switch on one input.This
creates a transformerless balanced output, the speaker
load "bridged" across the "hot"terminals of both
channels. Inthis mode, the P-2200 issuitable for
driving almost any load, including highly reactive70-volt
commercial speaker lines. With a full 400 watts into
16ohms, the P-2200 inmono mode eliminates theneed
for several smaller 70-volt amplifiers.
PERFORMANCE
The P-2200'sperformanceisasimpressiveas its
features. At a sustained output of 230 watts into 8 ohms
(for each channel), there isplenty of punch to reproduce
the powerful peaks essential to clean studio monitoring.
Highpower handling also makes the P-2200 an unbeat-
able choice for live rock ordisco sound systems, where
an amplifier can really "cook" all nightlong.Power alone
is no virtue; the P-2200 has ultra-low distortion, less than
0.05%THD at full rated power - the kind of low
distortion that isundetectable by even the most critical
listeners.
Ahighdamping factor of better than 300 at
frequencies below 1kHzreduces the tendency for
speaker cone overshoot, giving tighter and better defined
bass response. Onthe other end, the P-2200's frequency
response extends well beyond 100kHz, enabling itto
accurately reproduce the most complex musical wave-
forms — even the tortuous output of today's synthe-
sizers. However, highfrequency response has notbeen
achieved at the expense of stability; infact, the P-2200
isrock steady. Even when connected to highly reactive
multi-speaker loads, there isnotendency to shut down
or"take off" into spurious oscillation.
MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The P-2200 isconstructed to withstand the high "G"
forces encountered on the road. Itssolid front panel
mounts inany standard 19-inchrack, and, for a large
amplifier, the P-2200 weighs a modest 44 pounds
(20kg)** Front panel controls and meters are recessed to
avoiddamageor accidental settingchanges,and are
further protected bya pair of sturdy carryinghandles.
Inside and out, the P-2200 is extremely reliable. Still,
should service ever be required, the unit is designed for
easy access. Massive side-mounted heat sinks are
designed forefficient cooling, making fans unnecessary
inallbutthe most severe thermal operating conditions.
Four non-conductive feet ensure proper air flow when
the amplifier isshelf mounted, and avoid inadvertent
ground loops. Multiple protection circuits make the
amplifier nearly abuse proof and eliminate the need for
troublesome DCpower supply fuses.
*The P2201 does nothave the Peak Reading Meters.
** The P2201 weighs 42 pounds (19kg)

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Power Output PerChannel: (Refer to Figure 3. Ambient
room temperature for tests: 25-degrees Centigrade.)
200 Watts continuous average sine wavepower into
8 ohms with less than 0.05% THD, (Total Harmonic
Distortion), over a bandwidth of 20Hz to 20kHz,
both channels driven.
230Watts continuous average sine wave power into
8 ohms with less than 0.05% THD, at 1 kHz, both
channels driven.
Frequency Response: (Referto Figure 5.)
+0dB,-0.5dB, 20Hz to 50kHz.
TotalHarmonic Distortion: (Refer to Figure 6.)
Less than 0.005% @ 50 Watts, 8 ohms, 1kHz.
Less than 0.01%@ 150Watts, 8 ohms, 20Hz to
20kHz.
Intermodulation Distortion: (Refer to Figure 7.)
Less than 0.01% using frequencies of 70Hz and
7kHz, mixed ina ratio of 4:1,single channel power
output of 150Watts into 8 ohms.
InputSensitivity:
An input of +4dB* (1.23V),±0.5dB,produces an
output of230Wattsinto8 ohms (maximum output
power),INPUT attenuator set formaximum level.
Input Impedance:
25k-ohms, minimum(unbalanced).
Damping Factor: (@ 8 ohms / (Refer to Figure 8.)
Greater than 300 at any frequency from 20Hz to
1kHz;greater than 70 at any frequency from 20Hz
to 20kHz.
Actual Output Impedance: (Refer to Figure 9.)
Less than 0.04ohms, from 20Hz to 10kHz.
HumandNoise:
At least 110dB signal-to-noise ratio (l.H.F./A.S.A.
No.Z24.3-1944).
Rise Time:
3.8microseconds, or better (10%-90% of 1 volt @
1kHzsquare wave output).
Slew Rate:
45 volts per microsecond, or better (at 175Watts into
8ohms, 200kHz square-wave input).
ChannelSeparation: (Refer to Figure 10.)
Atleast 82dB at 1kHz,at least 75dB at 20kHz.
*Inthese specifications, when dB represents a specific voltage,
0dB is referenced to 0.775V. "dB" is a voltage level, whereas
"dBm" is a power level. 0dBm is referenced to 1mW (0.775V
driving a 600-ohm termination). For example, when 12.3V is
fed to a high impedance, the level is designated "+24dB." When
+24dB (12.3 volts) drives a 600-ohm termination, the level is
designated "+24dBm." The level in "dB" is specified, wherever
applicable, to avoid confusion when the input is fed by various
low and high impedance sources. See the APPENDIX beginning
on Page EIGHT 1 for a further discussion of dB.
PhaseShift: (Referto Figure 11.)
20Hz to 20kHz, ±10degrees.
OffsetVoltage:
Less than ±10mVDC.
UnitStep Function Response: (Refer to Figure 27.)
Seescope photo (Page FOUR 4) and discussion,
PageFOUR 6.
Thermal Specifications:
Massive black anodized heat sinksare thermally
joined with the chassis, thereby utilizing the entire
amplifier as a heat sink.
Protection Circuits:
Thermal warning lightturns on when heat sink
temperaturereaches100-degreesCentigrade.
Aself-resetting thermal switch shuts down the AC
power ifthe power transformer winding temperature
reaches 130-degrees Centigrade. See Page SIX13for
power overload circuit specs.
TurnOn/Turn Off Specs:
There isnoturn offtransient; the turn on transient
is minimal (see Page SIX 13). Warm up time is less
than 0.2seconds.
Power Requirements:
For the U.S.and Canadian models: AC, 120Volts
nominal, 50-60Hz (105Vmin.,135Vmax.); 8
amperes maximum at 120VAC; 960 volt-amperes
maximum at120Volts; approximately 57volt-
amperes atidle.
For other territories models: 1,300 Watts, 220 or240
Volts AC nominal, 50-60Hz.
Efficiency: (Refer to Figure 12.)
As highas 63%;see PageFOUR 2.
NOTE: All performance specifications are made on U.S.
and Canadian models at an AC line voltage of 120 Volts
±1%, using a ±1% nonreactive load resistor at an
ambient room temperature of 25-degrees Centigrade.
Also effective for other territories' models.
InputConnectors:
One"male"andone "female"XLRconnector in
parallel, pin 2 "hot," pin 3 connected to pin 1
(shield); switchable for pin 3 "hot." XLR'sare un-
balanced and inparallel with two tip-sleeve
(standard) phone jacks.
Output Connectors:
Standard 3/4-inch spacing, "5-way" binding posts.
Meters and Indicators:
Two peak reading meters (one per channel)indicate
the instantaneous power output, over a 5-decade
(50dB) range. "0dB" represents 100Wattsinto
8ohms. (P-2200only)
One "power ON" indicator LED; one "Thermal
Overload" indicator LED.
MeterRise Time (P-2200 only):
Less than 10 milliseconds; (-40dB to 0dB
onthe scale).
MeterRelease Time (P-2200only):
Less than 0.8 seconds; (0dB to -20dB on the
meter scale).
MeterAccuracy (P-2200 only):
See graph, Figure 13,PageFOUR 2.

Controls:
22-position, log-linear, detented, and dB-calibrated
INPUTATTENUATORS (one per channel)
attenuate inputsignal in2dB steps from 0dB
attenuation to -34dB, then steps of -37dB,-42dB,
-50dB, infinity; Power (ON-OFF)switch; INPUT
POLARITYswitches.
Fuses:
AGC (3AG) type, 7-amps x 2 parallel fuses forthe
AC lineinput(U.S.andCanadian models).
4-amps x 2 parallel fuses for the AC line input
(other territories' models).
Dimensions:
Mounts ina standard 19-inch(48cm) rack. 7" high
(17.6cm);maximum depth behind front panel is
13"(33.0cm); maximum depth including front
handles 14-1/2"(37.9cm).
Weight:
P-2200; 44 pounds(20kg), P2201;42 pounds (19kg).
Color:
Semi-gloss black.
MONAURAL MODE SPECIFICATIONS
Power Output:(Refer to Figures 14 and 15.)
400 Watts continuous average sine wave power into
16 ohms with less than 0.05% THD, 20Hz to 20kHz.
Frequency Response: (Referto Figure 16)
+0dB,-1dB,20Hz to 50kHz.
Total HarmonicDistortion:(Refer to Figures 17 and 18.)
Less than 0.01% @ 300 Watts into 16 ohms at 1kHz.
Intermodulation Distortion:
Lessthan 0.05% using frequencies of 70Hz and 7kHz,
mixed ina ratio of 4:1,at a power output of 200
Watts into 16ohms.
InputSensitivity:
An inputof 0dB (0.775 Volts),±0.5dB,produces an
output of 200Watts into16ohms (INPUT attenuator
set for minimum attenuation, maximum level).
InputImpedance:
25K-ohms minimum (unbalanced).
DampingFactor: (@ 16 ohms) (Refer to Figures 19
and20).
Greater than 220at any frequency from 20Hz to
1kHz;greater than 100at any frequency from 20Hz
to 20kHz.
Humand Noise:
At least 110dB signal-to-noise ratio (I.H.F./A.S.A.
No.Z24.3-1944).
Slew Rate:
35volts permicrosecond, or better, at100Watts into
16ohms,200kHz square wave input.
Specifications subject to change without notice.

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS &
ADISCUSSION OF SPECIFICATIONS
NOTE: In the discussion beginning on Page FOUR 5,
references to specific specifications assume normal stereo
operation (notmono operation) unless otherwise indicated.
Normal(Stereo) Graphs
Fig.3 - Power Bandwidth vs Load Impedance Fig.4 - Load Impedance vs Output Power
Fig.5 - Frequency Response vs Load
Fig.6A - T.H.D.vs Output Power at8 Load Impedance
(bothchannelsdriven)
Fig. 6B - T.H.D. vs Output Power at 16 Load Impedance
(both channels driven)
Fig.7 - Intermodulation Distortion vs Power Output at
8and 16 Load Impedance Fig.8 - Damping Factor vs Frequency at 8 Load
Impedance