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  9. Yamaha CS-5 User manual

Yamaha CS-5 User manual

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5

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numberofvibrations, such as 2-fold, 3-foId., and so cha_ e _ w__4
on.Itis seen that the waveform w_lI gLadua1ly come
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harmonicovertonesas the harmonics In the case of l _ __ :'_ _ .
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containedinsounds _vill depend on the arrangement F_ Fu_d_ment_I
bywhichsounds are generated. When we discuss the
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cussingwhatkind ofharmonics the sounds contain. means of a knob, the tone is caused to undergo a
Accordingly,onecan express the three elements oF temporal change (from the time the sound is
soundinanother manner, that is_, as I) pitch, 2) the generated to the time it ceases) to give it an ''enve-
mannerinwhich harmonics are contained (harmonic lop_'. This is _ccomplished by effecting control on
structure)and3) voIume. the filteis cutNoff frequencies by me_s of the
envelopegene rator.
5AwToomwmvE
_VCA
TheVCAblock adds an ''envelop_' to the volume.
_AThe process starting from the generation of the sound
_lupto the point the sound gradualIy fades away i
-Igovemed by the envelope generator's ATTAcK T_ME,
_,_dAment4(;_2_ 3_ 4_ DEcJ y T_mE susTA_N LEvE
_mpt__u_e_A_A__ m .-..... ^ ' '
3ÓA_rmon,'cs (A.D.S.R.), changing the amp1ification degree of the
VCAamplifier.
_STRUCTUREOF THE SYNTHESf2E_
Inthesynthesizer, sounds are synthesized by
electronicallyeffectingcontrol on the four pro_e,ties VCA _d En___ope
ofsound(tne tnree e1ements of sound plus the ,__g_( 4_,m vcf _ vg_,pg V_A 0u_ut
envelope),dividingit into 4 blocks.
Controlofpitch is effected by the VCO, that of _,
narmonicspectrumby the vcF, that of volume by ' ____%_! _ 0_ '
theVCAand that of envelo_e by the EG (envelope ' ' _
.., tA___ _g_
generatOr.ThefOlloWlng eScrl eS t e unctIOnS o
eachblock.
_VCOThe signals from the VCO reach the VCF where
TheVCOblock produces sound sources of fre- they undergo a change with regard to their harmonic
quenciescorrespondingto the intervals of the key- spectrum by being passed through a filter. The sig-
_board.The sound source waveforms produced by the naIs, now containing certin tonecharacteristics,are
VCOaresawtooth Waves and square waves that _ven a volume ''envelope'' at the VCA and then red
incIudemanyharmonics in a regular manner. These out_ In this way, all elements of the properties of
wavesareoscil1ated, using an electronic circuit. sound are control1ed electranicalIy, by utilizing the
threeelementsof sound and the ''envelope.'' The
lVCfsynthesizer has, in a_dition to the blocks described
TheVCFblock determines the tone, changing the above, other blocks such _s the LFO which pe_it
harmonicspectrumof the sound sources by cutting, further changes in the sounds. But in this case too,
oremphasizing,certain parts of the harmonics by the job is perfo_ed by controlling the three ele-
passingthesound sources through filters. The ments of sound and the envelope.
bound_rybetweenthe portion that passes through We hope that the points describe_ in this section
thefilterand the portion that is cut off is known as may be he1pful to understand th immensepossibili-
thec_t-offfrequency. The VCF creates the charac- ties and great pleasure awaiting you on a path that
teristicharmonicspectrum, by vaying the cut-off wilI lead you into a new world of music using a
frequency.totallynew musical instrument, the synthesizer.
_
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__chsectjonwill be exp_ined _ccording to the si__l JfZow. Ple_se oper_te t_e _nobs _nd
_itchesine_ch iteFn to underst_nd their _unction while lîstenin_ to the ch_nges in sound.
Toim_edi_tel_obt_in sound when the keys _re depressed, it is necess__ to set the __nthesizer
(herea_terre_elTedto _s b_sic settingJ.
fSetthe MIXER b1ock as fo1lows_
_BASfCSETTlNG _ ( '
sawtoothwave)knob _ 10 (fully rig
_Setthe VCF block as follovvs:l
.Connectt he synt hes izer proper ly _y re ferring to H p F / B p F / L p F
SWltCh_ont h e
previ ous page. c u T o f F f e a k
nO_Ulyrl9ht
2.Setthe synthesizer as shown in the illustr_tion _ Set the VCA BLOCK as follows:
accordingtothe folIowing ste_s. EG 0EP_H knob _ 10 (fu l ly right)
_Setthe EG block as follows:
0POWERSWITCH SusTAlN LEvEL knob_ 1o (fully right)
Whenpusheddown, the synthesizer is switched on Set the other knobs and switches as illustrated
andtheindicator _Iuminates. beIow. Under this condition sound is produced when
thekeysare depressed.
_
1
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3.ThiscompIete the basic sett;ng. The CS-5 panel layout follows the block diagr_
.(circuitdiagram), shovring actu_ operation of the
synthesizerandnow of signa1s. Signals nowing from
Iefttori_t aTe controlle_ in sach block and thus the
soundiscreated.
_
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_____7_T_____ frsmH_J J_______J____ ______________ _t _ l__;__ ______x_;nr)___rr__________ __r_J_ __0_____0___0______ l_ ___ ;___o_________0l______/___ _
FuNcT_oNsvco/_FO
__8PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) p_m. pu_se w__dth modu_at._
Modul_testhepuIse width of the VCO_ (squaTe)
wavesata period set with the SPEED knob in the
LFO.Whenthe knob is turned to O, symmetrical
squaTewavesare produced. The further it is turned
_towardslO, the larger becomes the change ln pulse _
width.
Sinewaveof
.hff f h p_m . . LfO per_od
__O COn Ifm t e e eCt O t e , It lS neCeSSary
toturnthe _ (sawtooth wave) knob 00 and the 1o
EXT/NO_SEknob 00 'ln _he m_xER b_ock ful1y
leftandturn the _ (square wave) knob towards In PWM 10 (maX_),
'pulsewidth changed
10.l5o to goo/o
___
_ThePVVM foflows a _ (sine wave), regardless of
thewaveformswitch position in the LFO.
TheLFOis a _e_ low _requenc_ oscil_tDr bloc_ to produce perjodic_l changes in pitch, tone,
and_olu1neas cre_ted b_ t_e _CO, _CF, _Jzd _CA bloc_s.
_Toconfirm the effect of the LFO, it is necessary to turn up the LFO MOD knobs in each
block.
__
;x__q;,n___l _ __ _ _ _ ; _;h,,, , _cm
-____-_t______! __________ _________
-!vn__T__2 _ l _ _ _, _ ______ JJ____c _
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s_EEoFO LFonoo ' O ^_ __Jm_ ___ _-_ ' 4_n__ ' _ _ _ _ ' '____ __ _____ ___ _! ___m __ _!_y_ _ __ J___T_ w!?_ ___vc i _ _ __!_ _q_: __ __ _ __
%_siEEDs/H : sA_1_LE AND Ho_D
ThisknobadJusts the moduIation period. The Causes irregular changes. S/H samp1es an
speedbecomesfaster the further the kn_b is turned instant va1ue of the irregularly changing
towardsF.The adjustable range is O.3 to 100 Hz. noise waves, and sustains that value until
Bych_gingthe speed different sound effects can another samp1ing is made, thus producing
beproduced.irregularly changing modulation signals. The
_samplingperiod is determined by the SPEED
__LFOknob__.
_:sINEwAvE
Gentlychangingsound effects can be ob- s /H p,;nc;
tained.
Vibratoeffectto VCO. Noise waveform. S/H output.
_I!l_
anrOWeeCtStO. _o_
Tremoloeffectto vcA. 0 0 _ _' _ l , 0
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Intermittantsuddenchange and slow _
change.
_
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fuNcT_o_slMIXER/EXTER'NA_
TheMIX_Rblock selects the w_ue_o_s to be used as sound sou_ces _nd adiusts t_e input
leveltot_e _CF block.
000
00ExT/No_sE
Whenexternalsign_s or noise selected by the
EXT/NOISEswitchof the EXTERNAL block are ___X_Lq'" _ ___'L_U __ ___
usedasthe sound source, adiust their volume with _ coVNOTL___LEE0 _ _
thisknob._, ,,,q L, ;_, Em 0 L_ _ aE
_ORS__EoR''w_vE 0
0_:Sawtooth wave ' _ caSNHv_ETER
AdJuststhesawtooth wave levels. Sawtooth , F_ m T h
waveshaveharmonics of doubled integers, __ 0
whlchsultsthem to be used as pseudo sound _ , >_
sourcesforimitating instruments and the _' '
like.
Spectrumofsawtooth wave
0rL:Squarewave
Ad',ststhe,u,,e _a e level T e O_D
'Ampl_tude _Time
widthmodulationof these waves can be con-
troIledbythe PWM knob __8 in the VCO
_2oPerlOd
nextoddnumber, but if they are moduIated
'_30-
aneeCt peCUllar tO the SV, ntheSIZer Can be
obtainedAm1_ude A _A _A _A _A_A _A
'234S6 lO
_Inthe M IXEi the voIumes of the respective wave-
formscanbe adjusted independently and the
differentsoundsources can be freely mixed. Spectrum of symmetr_Cal pe,_,
Squarewave
_B
Ampl_tudeT_me
_
_10
_2_
-3c-^^
frequency(f)3r 5F 7F 9F r_r
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3s79_t
T_e_XT_NVALbloc_ is _n input contTolling section which permits using extern_l signals
such_sJ4om _n elec_ic _it_r connected tD the _XT__AL terminal on the re_r p_ne_, _s the sound
sourceso_thes_nthes_zer. _ ?
_Forthe EXTERNAL si_nals and TR IGGER LEVEL _nob see page 14. '
0
00NolsE
WiththeEXT/NOlSE switch set to NOISE, ExTE,,JL ______ c _
NOISEcanbe chosen as the sound source by the ___ ____-__ _ _ _ __ _
ExT/moIsEknob_n the M_xER block The noise îs _ ___J_ _ _ ___ i_
'o,o m ________ _'
whitenoiseincluding widely dispersed frequencies TR_GGERLEvE ,o,0 4 _ _w ExT/Na_s_ i
rangingfromvery low to very n__. It is we_l suited GENNEoR'_-EoR _;_ _ _ ____ ____ !_ , _?__ _;_ j
dso,,,eto imi_ate such nat,,4_ sounds as _ __ J _ _ ' _! _2 _____ _;~- _"m_____;__
__l' ;
_indwavestraln sounds etc ?; _ _ "__ _ _ , __ l ;
''' ' _ _4- _ _ ,_m_ _,__ ___ ;_ - ,vL _ _,
______ ,,_ : _ ,_ _V _ _i__,, ___
___,____ _ _ __ ____ _, _ _____
:___;___ _ >_ ; ; , ; : n,_
___M__________4_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m _ _, _ _ ,_
0_