Yamaha Dx9 User manual

CONGRATULATIONS

Thank

you

for choosing

th

e Yamaha DX9 Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthesizer.

The

DX9

employs unique and sophisticated FM digital tone generation t

ec

hnology

combined with microcomputer control to permit creation

of

vo

ices

that

are

more "live"

than

vo

ices

available with any other system available.

We

urge

yo

u to read this owner's manual thoroughly to ensure proper operation and

maximum performance

of

the instrument.

Features

------------------------

---------.

• The

DX9

has

a 20-voice internal memory, while

external cassette tape

can

be

used

to

store and

load other voices. The

DX9

is

provided

with

a

voice tape containing 120 pre-programmed voices.

• Extensive

microcomputer

programming

control

makes

it

possible

to

edit

existing voices

to

change

their

character, or produce

entirely

new voices.

New voices

can

also

be

created

"from

scratch."

• Edited or new voices can

be

stored either in the

instrument's internal memory, or on

an

external

cassette tape,

so

sounds you create

can

be

saved

for

future

use

.

PRECAUTIONS

LOCATION

Avo

id pl

ac

ing your synthesizer in direct sunlight or cl

ose

to

a source

of

heat.

It

is

also

important

to

avoid locations in

which the instrument

is

likely

to

be

subjected

to

vibration,

excessive dust, cold or moisture.

HANDLING

Avoid applying excessive force

to

the instruments's knobs

and switches.

POWER

CORD

Always grip the power plug

directly

when unplugging.

Removing the power plug

from

the wall socket by pulling

on

the

power cord

can

result in damage

to

or

shorting

of

the power cord.

Be sure

to

unplug

your

synthesizer

if

you

wi

ll

not

be

using

it

for

an

extended period

of

time

.

RELOCATION

When moving the synthesizer once

it

has

been

set

up,

be

sure

to

disconnect

al

l cords

that

connect

to

other

equipment.

This

wi

ll help prevent accidental damage

to

or

shorting

of

interconnection

cab

l

es.

<I >

CONTENTS

PRECAUTIONS.

DX9

OUTLINE

.......

.

..

.....

.........

.

..

2

CONNECTIONS

...........................

4

PLAY

MODE

.. ..

.....

.

..

...

..

.

...

.

..

.. ..

. 5

FUNCTION

MODE

..

.. ..

. .

..

.

..............

6

FM

TONE

GENERATION

...

.................

9

EDIT

MODE .

...............

.

..

. . . . .

....

12

KEY

TRANSPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

S

TORE

/SAV

E / LO

AD

.

.. ..

..

. .

..

....

...

..

17

MIDI

. . . .

............

.

..............

..

21

LET'S

AC

TUALLY

CREATE

A VOICE

..........

23

LFO

BLOCKDIAGRAM

..

.

.. ..

....

..

. .

..

.

..

26

SPECIFICATIONS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

VOICE

DATA

LI

ST

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

CONNECTION

Careful

ly

follow

the

"CONNECTION"

instructions given

in this manual when setting

up

your

synthesizer.

Connection errors

can

lead

to

serious damage

to

the instru-

ment,

amplifier,

and speakers.

CLEANING

Do

not

use

solvents such

as

benzine or thinner

to

clean

your

synthesizer

as

these may

cause

discoloration

or

staining

of

the instrument's exterior.

Use

a soft,

dry

c

loth.

SAVE THIS

MANUAL

After

studyi

ng

this manual

thoroughly,

it

should

be

stored

in a safe place

for

future

reference.

LIGHTNING

In the event

of

an

electrical storm, the instrument's power

cord should

be

unplugged

to

eliminate the possibility

of

serious damage.

OTHER APPLIANCES

Use

your

synthesizer where its digital

circuitry

cannot

be

influenced by electromagnetic radiation

from

appliances

such

as

televisions, radios, etc.

DX9 OUTLINE

As stated in the feature summary

on

page

1, the

DX9

can

be

used

to

play pre-programmed voices, pre-programmed

voices

can

be

edited

to

alter

their

character,

or

completely new voices

can

be

created

from

scratch.

Newly

created

voices

can

be

memorized

for

future

use.

To

accomplish all this, the DX9

has

four

main operating modes:

• PLAY-MEMORY SELECT

Mode

This

is

the normal performance mode, and the mode in which pre-programmed voices

can

be

selected.

• FUNCTION

Mode

Th

is

mode permits setting parameters pertaining

to

the effect

of

th

e

controlle

rs (thumbwheel, breath controller)

and

is

also

used

for

loading and saving data.

•

EDIT

Mode

Thi

s mode permits setting parameters

that

determine

the

character

of

the voices, and

is

used

for

editing existing

voices

or

creating entirely new voices.

• STORE

Mode

Edited

or

newly

created voices

can

be

programmed

into

the memory in this mode.

All

functions

of

the DX9 are performed in one

of

the above modes. Proper understanding

of

the functions

of

each

mode

is

the key

to

successful operation

of

and performance

with

the

DX9.

1.Volume

2.

DATA

ENTRY

section

Connector jacks

3.

Mode Select key section

J_

---

-'

4.

Display panel

rr.,

cr6

p;;,~~~~~':~.;""'

I

5.

Voice/Parameter

Select key section Power switch

Headphone, breath

controller

connector jacks

8.

Keyboard

1 VOLUME

This

contro

ls the

output

level

of

the

DX9

and at the

same

time controls the volume

of

the headphones.

2

DATA

ENTRY

This

combination

of

keys and Iinear

control

is

used

to

enter

and

modify

data.

<2>

DATA ENTRY

MAX.

l

::=:

!iii~

:.:;:

r

::::

::;:

:;:;

::;;

;::;

These keys are

for

increasing

or

decreasing

the

values

by

1,

for

turning

a

function

on

or

off

.

MIN.

This

control

is

used

for

coarse value

adjustment

.

This

slide

controller

covers

the

entire

range

for

each

parameter

from

min

imum

to

maximum.

3 MODE SELECT

KEY

Selects

four

operating modes

of

the

DX9

(PLAY,

EDIT,

FUNCTION

, STO RE).

STORE FUNCTION

.-----+-r----'--1

~..

-----,

11

-·

--r------,

I

L,___..

_I

~I

~·;===

I

This

key sets

the

PLAY I

This

key sets

the

EDIT

mode

. PLAY

mode.

4 DISPLAY PANEL

This Liquid Crystal Display panel displays the parameters

in

eac

h mode.

r1E~10RY

SELECT

t·1RSTEP

f'-'~

·l

E

RD.J

[[HJ

r___i__

Preset voice

number

display I

Display

the

current

state

of

the

system.

5 VOICE/PARAMETER SELECT

KEY

Th

ese

keys

se

lect

th

e voices in the instrument's internal

memory. The

same

keys

are

also

used

to

select parameters

in

the

FUNCTION

or

EDIT

modes. One key

can

have a

maximum

of

four

different

functions.

The

function

of

th

ese

keys

is

determined

by

the Mode

Se

lect key.

MASTER

TUNE ADJ

Voice

Number

MODE TIME

PORTAMENTO

~

.

Functoon

Parameter

<3>

6 PITCH BEND WHEEL

The pitch bend range

is

set

in the

FUNCTION

mode. The

pitch bend wh

eel

th

en

permits upward and downward

pitch bend

throughout

the

set

range.

7

MODULATION

WHEEL

T

he

modulation

depth

range

is

set

in

the

FUNCTION

mode.

Th

e modul

atio

n wheel then permits

va

riation

of

mod

u-

lation depth

throughout

the

set

range.

8 KEYBOARD

The

DX9

has

a 61-key keyboard

with

16-voice

polyphonic

capability

(a

monophonic

mode

is

also selectable).

•

CASSETTEINTERFACE

An inexpensive cassette recorder

can

be

connected

to

the

cassette interface terminal

s,

permitting

saving and loading

voices

to

and

from

standard compact cassette tapes. The

DX9

is

supplied

with

a voice cassette containing 120

voices in 6 groups

of

20 voices each.

CONNECTIONS

• Setting Up and Applying Power

Th

e

DX9

does

not

have

an

internal power

amplif

ier, therefore either headphones or

an

external ampI

ifier

/speaker system

are

required. A high-

quality

keyboard ampI

ifier

system

is

recommended.

Hook up

yo

ur

DX9

as

shown in the diagram below.

Connections

ile concerning the

MIDI

connectors refer

to

page

21

.

AC

wall

outlet

,--------

(FC-4orFC

-5) :

-~~

I

Foot

switch

Foot

switch

Foot

controller

Mixer

(volume)

(portamento)

(sustain)

Headphones

(8 -

150

ohms)

•

Turn

POWER ON

Breath

controller

(BC1)

The

DX9

power switch

is

located

to

the right

of

the rear

panel (viewed

from

keyboard side) Turn the POWER

switch

ON

only

after all connections

to

other

equipment

(and

to

the AC suppl

y)

have

been

properly

made. The

display panel

will

appear

as

in the illustration below im-

med

ia

tely

after power

is

switched on.

After

a few seconds, the

same

mode

that

was

engaged

before power

was

turned

off

is

re-engaged. For exampl

e,

if

the PL

AY

mode

was

previously engaged, the PL

AY

mode

will

be

re-engaged and the previously

se

lected voice

will

be

ready

for

pe

rforman

ce

.

Th

e

same

applies

to

the ED

IT

and

FUNCTION

modes.

<4>

Attach

the

music stand

as

shown in

the

figure

ON

OFF

P

OWER

e::

e::.l

*

Speaker system

with

built-in

amplifier

VRMRHR

D::-

::

9 *

SYHTHESIZER

:+:

PLAY MODE

• Playing the Internal Voices

The DX9

has

20 internal voices, any one

of

whic

h

ca

n

be

se

le

cted simply

by

pressing the I

MEMORY

SELECT Ikey,

and then

by

pressing the appropriate Voice Select key.

Each

Voice Select key

has

a large numeral

that

corresponds

to

the voice number at its left

edge.

Select and play

each

voice

to

get a feel

for

the kind

of

sounds

that

are

available.

EDIT/ MEMORY

COMPARE

SE

LE

CT

L_

__

__JI

~~J

Press

the

Memory Select key,

c:::£\J

set

to

the

Play

mode

.

Select

t~~

J

~

preset

voice\)

vo1ce

number

Display

at

the

Play

mode

Display shows

the

last

parameter

at

the

Function

mode.

Fine adjustment

of

volume while playing

can

be

achieved using

an

optional FC-

3A

foot

contro

ller

plugg

ed

into

the

VOLUME

ja

ck on the

DX9

rear

panel. Remember

that

the

DX9

and

amplifier

volume

controls should

be

set

high enough

that

adequate

volume co

ntrol

range

is

available using the

foot

controller

.

Foot

controller

(FC-3A)

<S>

•

Set

the

desired VOLUME level

With power

to

the

DX9

and

your

amplifier

system ON,

gradually raise the volu

me

control

while playing a note on

the keyboard

until

the desired volume level

is

reached. Set

the volume

contro

l on

your

amplifier

so

the

optimum

volume

is

attained

with

the

DX9

volume

control

set

at

about

"8"

• Playing

the

External Voices

The voice data contained on the voice data cassette must

be

loaded i

nto

the

instrument before

it

can

be

played. Refer

to

the "

LOAD"

section

on

page

19

for

loading instructions.

When data

entry

is

initiated while in the

PLAY

mode,

the parameter selected at the end

of

the

FUNCTION

mode

can

be

controlled

.

FUNCTION MODE

• FUNCTION Mode .... Applying Effects

The

FUNCTION

mode permits tuning, pitch bend, modu-

lation, and application

of

other effects

while

playing,

as

well

as

voice data load/save operations.

Press

the I

FUNCTION!

key

to

enter

the

FUNCTION

mode.

Setting cont

roller

range

parameters, etc.,

is

carried

out

using

the

DATA

ENTRY

controls.

• Function parameters

are

memorized and maintained

even

when power

to

the

DX9

is

cut

off.

Unlike

voice

data, however,

function

parameters cannot

be

saved

in

internal or external memory.

OPERATOR

ON.QFF/EG

COPY

ALGOR

I"

2 3 4 /FEEDB1

11

2

11

3

11

4

IE

MASTER

POLY/MONO

PITCH BEND MODE TIME

TUNE ADJ RANGE PORTAMENTO

OSCILLATOR

EG

OPERATOR FREQUENCY DETUNE/

SELECT COARSE SYNC RATE

111

1112

114

IE

RANGE PITCH

EG

BIAS

RANGE

MODULATION WHEEL BREATH

Function

Parameter

• MASTER TUNE

11

MASTER

TUNE ADJ

MASTER

TUNE

adjusts the overall tuning

of

the

DX9

to

match its

pitch

with

other

instruments. Pitch

is

variable

over a 150 cent range.

Press

IMASTER

TUNE

Iand then

use

the

linear

DATA

ENTRY

control

for

tuning.

DATA ENTRY

• POLY/MONO

POLY/MONO

Only

the

linear

control

in

the

DATA

ENTRY

sec-

tion

functions

for

MASTER

TUNE.

Fine

adjustments using

the

+1,

-1

keys

is

not

possible.

L.__l-

1 ----'11'----+

1

-----'

Determines whether the

DX9

will

function

in the

poly-

phonic or monophonic mode.

Press

the

DATA

ENTRY

~

key

for

polyphonic

operation. and

the[±]]

key

for

monophonic operation.

• The range

of

the

portamento

effect

is

different

in the

polyphonic

and monophonic modes. Refer

to

the

PORTAMENTO

section below.

<6>

• PITCH BEND RANGE

PITCH BEND

RANGE

The range

of

pitch

bend

can

be

set

from

0 to 12. 0 range

is

equivalent

to

no

pitch

bend. A setting

of

12 permits

pitch

bend over a

±1200

cent (2 octave) range.

If

the

range

is

set

at 7, then pitch bend

will

be

possible over a

±700

cent range (i.e. plus

or

minus one

fifth).

Pitch bend wheel

• PORTAMENTO

MODE TIME

PORTAMENTO

The

portamento

effect varies according

to

whether

the

DX9

is

in the

polyphonic

or

monophonic

mode.

MONOPHONIC

MODE:

In this mode

press

the

DATA

ENTRY

GIJ

key

to

activate

"FINGERED

PORTA".

In this mode the legato

effect

is

applied

only

when a second note

is

played

while

a previ·

ously played note

is

still held.

Press

the

DATA

ENTRY

EiJ

key

to

activate

"FULL

TIME

PORTA".

In this mode portamento

is

always applied.

POLYPHONIC

MODE:

In the

polyphonic

mode

"FULL

TIME

PORTA"

is

always

activated.

TIME:

Adjusts

the

speed

of

the

portamento effect

from

0

to

99.

A 0 setting results in no effect,

while

a setting

of

99

pro-

duces the longest (slowest) portamento.

• The portamento effect

can

also

be

turned ON

or

OFF

using

an

optional FC-4 or FC-5

foot

pedal once the

portamento

function

has

been

turned on in the " F

ULL

TIME

PORTA"

mode.

Pressing

the

foot

pedal turns the

effect ON. The effect

is

OFF

when the

foot

pedal

is

released.

The

portamento

effect cannot

be

turned ON

or

OFF

in the

"FINGERED

PORTA"

mode.

•

An

FC-4 or FC-5

foot

pedal

can

also

be

connected

for

sustain pedal

control.

In the

monophonic

mode, a key

pressed

while

another key

is

held

will

take

priority,

and

the sustain effect

will

apply

to

the new key.

Releasing the pedal turns the sustain effect OFF.

• CASSETTE

L__

l7

___J

I

L__l

a

_____J

I

L__l

9

_____JI

L__

l10

___J

SAVE

/VE

RI

FY LOAD LOAD SINGLE REMOTE

CA

SSETTE

These keys

permit

saving all 20 internal

memory

voices

to

an

external cassette tape, or loading 20 voices or a specified

single voice

from

an

external cassette tape.

SAVE/VERIFY

, L

OAD,

LOAD

SING LE, and REMOTE

keys

are

provided. Refer

to

the STO R

E/SAVE/

L

OAD

instructions on

page

17.

SA

VE/VERIFY:

The

SAVE

function

saves

all 20 voices in the internal

memory

to

an

external cassette tape,

while

the VERI

FY

function

checks

to

make sure

that

all the voices were prop-

erly

saved.

Pressing

the I

SAVE/VERIFY

Ikey repeatedly alternates

between the

"SAVE

TO

TAPE?"

and

"VERIFY

TA

PE

?"

displays.

LOAD

:

This key permits loading 20 voices at a

time

from

an

external cassette tape

into

the internal memory.

LOAD

SI

NG LE:

This key permits loading a specifi

ed

single voice

from

a

group

of

voices previously

saved

on

a cassette tape. The

number

of

the voice in the group

from

which the desired

voice

will

be

loaded must

be

specified

(1

-20).

REMOTE:

This key permits remote

control

of

cassette recorders

that

have

a REMOTE terminal. Normally when the cassette

recorder's remote terminal

is

connected

to

the

DX9,

the

tape

will

not

run

until!

either the

LOAD

or

SAVE

fu

nction

is

initiated

even

if

the Play

or

Record controls

are

engage

d.

The REMOTE

function

makes

it

possible

to

sta

rt or stop

the

tape

to

facilitate locating the beginning

of

voi

ce

groupes,

etc.

<7>

•

MODULATION

WHEEL I BREATH CONTROLLER

111

1112

1113

1114

RANGE PITCH AMPLITUDE

EG

BIAS

MODULATION WHEEL

115

1

116

11

17

1118

RANGE PITCH AMPLITU

DE

EG

BIAS

BREATH CONTROL

The

modulation

wheel or breath

controller

can

be

used

to

control

LFO

modulation

depth applied

to

pitch,

amplitude

or envelope producing controllable

tremolo

or

vibrato

effects

while

playing. Setting the RANGE, P

IT

CH, AM-

PLITUDE

and ENVEL

OPE

GENERATOR

BIAS para-

meters

for

each

controller

is

basically the

same

process,

so

we'll

concentrate mainly on the

MODULAT

ION wheel.

Since LFO

modulation

is

the

effect in question, the voice

used

must have non-zero

set

for

PITCH

and/or

AMPLI-

TUDE

MODULATION

SENSITI

VITY

parameters in the

EDIT

mode.

Refer

to

the

MODULAT

ION

SENSITIVITY

section on

page

13

for

details.

1.

MODULATION

WHEEL

To

add

modulation effects

RANGE:

Range

can

be

set

from

0

to

99. No effect

is

produced

with

a 0 setting, and a setting

of

99 produces

maximum

effect.

PITCH:

Determines whether LFO

modulation

is

applied

to

pitch.

Pitch

is

modulated

if

ON, and

not

modulated

if

OFF.

AMPLITUDE:

Determines whether LFO modulation

is

appl

ied

to

ampl

i-

tude.

Amplitude

is

modulated

if

ON, and

not

modulated

if

OFF.

EG

(ENVELOPE

GENERATOR)

BIAS:

When

EG

BIAS

is

ON, volume

or

brilliance (wow) variation

effects

can

be

added

with

the controllers by varying the

level

of

each

operator's envelope generator. MOD. SENS

I-

TIVITY

(AMP

LITU

DE)

is

used

to

set

the sensitivity

(refer

to

page

13.)

Applying

EG

BIAS

to

a

modulator

results in brilliance

effects, while applied

to

a carrier

it

results in volume

variation effects. In some

cases,

if

the carrier sensitivity

is

maximum

and the

controller

is

set

to

its

minimum,

no

sound

will

be

produced.

As

for

"modulator"

and

"carrier",

refer

to

the FM

TONE

GENERAT

ION section on

page

9.

2.

BREATH

CONTROL

The LFO

modulation

effect programmed

can

be

contro

ll

ed

using

an

optional

BC1

breath controller. The effect

is

controlled by blowing

into

the

BC

l mouthpiece. The

effect

will

not

be

audible unless breath

is

applied

to

the

controller.

Controls

the

effects

according

force

of

breath applied

to

mouthpiece

-----

Breath

controller

(BCl)

•

EDIT

RECALL I VOICE

INIT

Pressing this key alternately switches

to

EDIT

RECALL

and VOICE IN IT.

119

EDIT

RE

CALL

I VOICE

IN

IT

EDIT

RECALL:

This

function

makes

it

possible

to

recal l a voice

that

was

previously being edited or created.

If,

for

example, the

PLAY

mode

is

accidentally or pur-

posely entered while editing, the voice

that

was

being

edited

can

be

recalled

with

this func

tion.

If

the I

EDIT

RECALL

I key

is

pressed, the display shows

"EDIT

RECALL?"

.

Pressing

the

DATA

ENTRY

IYES j

key then

causes

the

"ARE

YOU

SURE?"

display.

Verify

by pressing the IYES I key again, and the voice previously

being edited

will

be

restored.

<B>

VOICE IN

IT

(Voice Initialize):

This

function

sets

up

the

basic voice data

for

creating new

voices.

Press

theiVOICE

INITikey

and the display panel

will

read

"VO

I

CE

I

NIP"

Press

the IYES I key and the

DX9

will

respond

with

"ARE

YOU

SURE7"

Verify

by

pressing the IYES I key second time. This

sets

up the basic

voice data and activates the

DX9

ED

IT

mode.

•

BATTERY

CHECK

A backup battery power supply

is

built

into

the

DX9

so

that

voice data will

be

maintained

even

when power

to

the instrument

is

off

. The state

of

the backup system

can

be

checked

by

pressing the I

EDIT

RECALL/VOICE

INITI

key. The operational battery voltage range

is

from

2.2 volts

to

3.3 volts.

If

the backup battery voltage drops

be

l

ow

2.2

volts, replacement

of

the backup system

is

necessary. The

backup system consists

of

specia

l batteries which

can

be

replaced

only

by

a Yamaha dealer. Contact

your

nearest

Yamaha

dea

l

er

when replacement becomes necessary.

•

MEMORY

PROTECT

120

MEMORY

PROTECT

The

DX9's

internal

MEMORY

PROTECTION

function

will

prevent any accidental erasure

of

the internal voice data.

You

will

fir

st

have

to tu

rn the

MEMORY

PROTECT

OFF

in order

to

STORE

or

LOAD

the voice data. Also, do

not

forget

to

turn

the

MEMORY

PROTECT

function

back ON

after

storing or loading operation.

(Please

refer

to

page

17)

FM

TONE GENERATION

FM

Tone Generation .

...

Understanding the

Basics

The

DX9

is

an

entirely

new

type

of

synthesizer employing

an

entirely new FM digital tone generation system. This

unique Yamaha system permits finer

control

over subtle

musical nuances and vastly expanded voice creation poten-

tial compared

to

conventional synthesizers.

1. The

Meaning

of FM

FM stands

for

Frequency Modulation. FM radio broadcasts

use

the

same

principle. One

signal-the

modulator-modu-

lates a second

signal-the

carrier.

In FM radio the carrier

is

an

extremely high

"ratio"

fre-

quency and the

modulator

is

the music signal

to

be

braod-

cast. In effect, the carrier "carries" the

modulator

signal

through the atmosphere

to

your

receiving antenna.

FM broadcasting

Carrier wave

~

(signal

to

be

modulated),

Sound signal

1\J'V

FM

signal

(modulated

signal)

IMMNNMN

'-1~

Loose wave Dense wave

(modulator

signal)

Extremely

high carrier/

modulator

frequency

ratio.

The

"density"

of

the

transmitted

carrier

waveform varies accord-

ing

to

the

modulating

signal.

The FM tone generator system

is

similar in principle,

but

in

this

case

both the carrier and

modulator

are

audible signals,

and

their

frequencies

can

be

almost equal.

FM

tone

generation

Carrier

1\J'V

(sound

to

be modulated)

Modulator

1\J'V

(modulator

signal)

FM

sound (modulated sound)

Close

carrier/modulator

frequency

ratio

results

in

FM

sound.

<9>

2. FM

Tone

Generation In the

DX9

In the

DX9,

the carrier signal determines the

pitch

of

the

note produced and

modulator

determines the shape

of

the

waveform produced and therefore its timbre. This explana-

tion

may make

it

look like the carrier and

modulator

are

two

entirely separate things. In fact, they are one and the

same.

A special oscillator

unit

called

an

"operator"

can

be

used

as

either a carrier

or

modulator

in the

DX9.

Operator

Pitch

Modulation

data

The

frequency data and

modulation

data are

combined here

1) Pitch Frequency Data

Output

Envelope data

Pitch frequency data

from

the DX9's

microcomputer

sys-

tem determines the operator's oscillation frequency. When

the operator

is

used

as

a carrier, this frequency

is

equivalent

to

the pitch

of

the note produced. When the operator

is

being

used

as

a modulator, the ratio

of

its frequency

to

that

of

the carrier determines the

timbre

of

the note produced.

2)

Modulation Data

This

is

the modulation data received

from

the previous

operator's (modulator)

output.

3) Envelope Data

When the operator

is

used

as

a carrier the envelope data

de-

termines the volume envelope

of

the note produced. When

the operator

is

used

as

a

modulator

the envelope data

de-

termines the

timbre

envelope

of

the note produced.

For example, the

pitch

frequency data applied

to

an

oper-

ator

used

as

a carrier determines the frequency

of

the sine

wave

output

from

the operator.

Inputting

envelope data

results in

an

output

waveform similar

to

that

shown in the

figure.

Numerical

value

Operator

1\f\!V\JV

Sine wave

!'----\

Envelope data

Yamaha DX9 User manual

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