3Com CoreBuilder 7000 User manual

http://www.3com.com/
CoreBuilder®7000 Family
ATM Switches
Operations Guide
Software Version 4.55 Base and Extended
Part No. DOA3700-0AAA02
Published January 2000

ii
3Com Corporation
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If you are a United States government agency, then this documentation and the software described herein are
provided to you subject to the following:
All technical data and computer software are commercial in nature and developed solely at private expense.
Software is delivered as “Commercial Computer Software” as defined in DFARS 252.227-7014 (June 1995) or
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not be registered in other countries.
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associated.
Guide written by Laura Novich. Edited by Debbie ZIoni. Illustrated by Pearl Goldberg.

CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS GUIDE
Finding Specific Information in This Guide 14
Conventions 14
Documentation 15
CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switch Documents 16
Related Documents 16
Documentation Road Map 17
Documentation Comments 18
Year 2000 Compliance 18
1ATM NETWORK BASICS
ATM Overview 19
ATM Cell Structure 20
Advantages of Using Fixed-Length Cells 20
ATM Layers 21
Physical Layer 22
ATM Layer 22
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 22
Functional Planes 22
User Plane 23
Control Plane 23
Management Plane 23
Designing ATM Networks 24
ATM Network Examples 24
Classical IP ATM Networks 24
LAN Emulation ATM Networks 27
2NETWORK INTERFACE MANAGEMENT
Network Interfaces 35
User Network Interface 36
Network Network Interface 36

Integrated Local Management Interface (ILMI) 36
ILMI Management Information Base (MIB) 37
ATM Interface Management Entity (IME) 37
Basic ILMI Functions 38
Status Information 38
UNI Address Registration 38
Access to Service Registry MIB 41
ILMI Connectivity Polling 41
Automatic Configuration Procedures 42
Auto-Discovery 43
Auto-Configuration 48
Modification of Local Attribute 50
Configuring a Port on Change of Attachment 51
3E-IISP PROTOCOL
Introducing Enhanced Interim InterSwitch Protocol (E-IISP) 53
IISP vs. E-IISP 53
Features of E-IISP 54
Hierarchy in an E-IISP Network 55
Hierarchical ATM Addressing 55
Configuring Network ATM Addresses 58
Auto-Discovery 58
Auto-Configuration 58
Static Address Registration in E-IISP 58
Planning a Network with E-IISP 58
Hierarchical Topology 59
E-IISP Hierarchical Routing Algorithm 60
Hop Limit — Avoiding Loops 62
Crankback 62
Alternate Routes 63
Load Balancing 65
LANE Redundancy 66
4PRIVATE NETWORK-TO-NETWORK INTERFACE (PNNI) VERSION
1.0
Introducing PNNI
Version 1.0 67

Features of PNNI 68
Advantages of Implementing a PNNI Network 69
When to Use PNNI 69
PNNI vs. E-IISP 69
PNNI Routing 71
Organizing a Network Hierarchy 71
Peer Group Leader 74
One Node’s View of the Network 76
Information Exchange in PNNI 77
Peer Group Leader Elections 80
Uplinks in a Hierarchical Structure 83
Configuring the PNNI Network 84
ATM Address Format 84
Path Selection 85
Configuring the CoreBuilder 7000 for PNNI 86
PNNI Signaling Protocol 87
PNNI Signaling 87
Establishing a Channel in PNNI with a Flat Network 88
Alternate Routing and Crankback 89
Establishing a Channel in a Hierarchical Network 91
Alternate Routing and Crankback 93
5ESTABLISHING ATM CHANNELS
Virtual Channels 97
Local Links and Connections 97
External Links – ATM Connections 99
Internal Link — Switch Matrix 99
Virtual Path — Channel Hierarchy 99
Switched Virtual Channels 100
Permanent Virtual Channels 100
VP Tunneling 101
Configuring VP Tunnels 102
VP Tunneling through a WAN VP Switch 102
Virtual UNI 104
Signaling — External Links 104
Signaling Protocol 105
Signaling Messages 105

SETUP Message 106
CALL-PROCEEDING Message 106
CONNECT Message 107
ADD PARTY Message 107
Signaling Protocol Profile 107
Establishing a Virtual Channel 108
Point-to-Point Calls 108
Point-to-Multipoint Calls 109
Displaying Connections 109
Signaling Sequences 109
Signaling Timers 111
Timer Resolution 113
Signaling AAL 114
SSCOP 114
SSCOP Timers 115
SSCOP Configuration Parameters 116
Managing Signaling Protocol Parameters 116
Call Admission Control 117
GCAC Algorithm 117
UNI Signaling 4.0 Features 120
ATM Anycast Capability 120
Signaling of Individual QoS Parameters 121
Message Conversion Between Signaling Protocols 122
Quality of Service Parameters 122
Available Bit Rate Service Class Category 122
Constant Bit Rate Service Class 124
Real-Time Variable Bit Rate Service Class 124
Non-Real-Time Variable Bit Rate Service Class 124
Unspecified Bit Rate Service Class 125
Routing — Internal Links 125
E-IISP Hierarchic Routing Algorithm 125
Hop Limit — Avoiding Loops 127
Crankback 127
Physical-Link Failure Indicator 128
Link Failure 128
Link Failure Detection 129
Link-Failure Detection Sensitivity Control 129

6ATM SWITCHING
ATM Switching 132
Traffic Statistics 134
General Switch Statistics 134
Physical Statistics 134
ATM Statistics 134
AAL5 Control Statistics 134
Signaling Statistics 134
IFC Communications Statistics 134
Traffic Management 135
Frame Discard Capability 135
EFCI 135
7LAN EMULATION VERSIONS 1.0 AND 2.0
LAN Emulation Overview 137
Emulated LAN Components 138
LAN Emulation Client (LEC) 139
LAN Emulation Server (LES) 140
Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS) 140
LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS) 140
Configuring LANE Into Your Network 141
Emulated LAN Connections 141
Control VCCs 141
Data VCCs 142
Frame Ordering 143
Operation of the LAN Emulation 144
Connecting a LEC to an ELAN 144
Registration 145
Address Resolution 146
Connection Management 146
LAN Emulation in the CoreBuilder 7000 146
Default ELAN Parameters 146
Connecting a LEC to an ELAN 147
LECS Address Access 148
Address Resolution 150
Configuring LES LE_ARP Policies 151
Unknown, Multicast and Broadcast Frames 152

LAN Emulation Statistics Display 152
LAN Emulation Redundancy 153
LANE Services in the CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switch Card 154
Redundant LANE Services 154
LECS Redundancy Facility - Configuring the LECS-Order Database 154
LES Redundancy Facility - Configuring the ELAN Topology
Database 155
Selecting LAN Emulation Redundancy Mode 159
LANE Redundancy Start-up Delay 160
LANE Redundancy Limitations 160
LANE Redundancy Planning 160
LANE Security 161
General Concepts 162
Security Algorithm 164
Factory Default Configuration 164
LMA Security Commands 165
LANE Version 2.0 166
Improved Features 166
Multi Protocol over ATM (MPOA) 167
Quality of Service (QoS) 167
New Well-known LECS Address 167
Local Segment ID 167
Selective Multicast Groups 168
New ELAN ID 168
New Frame Size 168
LLC Multiplexing for the Data Direct VCC 168
Backward Compatibility and Mixture of LECs of Both LANE Versions 1.0
and 2.0 170
Moves of Nodes 170
Verify Request and Response 170
MPOA Devices Configuration 171
Display Current MPS Configuration 171
Set Keep-Alive Time 172
Set Keep-Alive Lifetime 172
Set Internetwork Layer Protocols 173
Set Initial Retry Time 174
Set Retry Time Maximum 175
Set Give Up Time 175

Set Default Holding Time 176
Display Current MPC Configuration 177
Set Shortcut Setup Frame Count 178
Set Shortcut Setup Frame Time 179
Set Flow Detection Protocols 180
Set Initial Retry Time 181
Set Retry Time Maximum 182
Set Hold Down Time 182
8VIRTUAL NETWORKS
Virtual LAN Basics 185
VLANs in the CoreBuilder 7000 187
Admin and Default VLANs 188
VLANs in a CoreBuilder 7600 Card 189
Virtual LANs for Three Workgroups 192
9DEVICE MANAGEMENT
Overview 193
Local Management Application (LMA) 193
Communication Methods 194
Security 194
SNMP Agent 195
Management Information Base (MIB) 195
SNMP Traps 195
Managing by SNMP 196
Out-of-Band Access 196
Security 197
Chassis Management — Single IP 197
Single SNMP Agent 198
Compatibility with Previous Versions 200
RMON History 201
Ethernet Encapsulation Type 204
Service Console 205
10 SWITCH REDUNDANCY
Switch Redundancy Overview 207

Summary of Improved Switch Redundancy Features in Version 4.5 207
System Requirements 209
Version 4.5 Features 210
Identifying the Active Switching Module 210
Conditions for Switch-over to Redundant Module 210
Switch-over Reboot 210
Communications between Active and Redundant Switches 210
210
Switching Module Configuration Database 211
LES and LECS in One CoreBuilder 7000 211
Alias Names 211
Management Operations 211
Upgrading the Software 211
Switch Redundancy Limitations 212
Up to Version 4.0 Features 212
Identifying the Active Switching Module 212
Conditions for Switch-over to Redundant Module 212
Switch-over Phases 213
Switching Module Configuration Database 213
Information Based on the MAC Address 214
LES and LECS in One CoreBuilder 7000 215
LES and LECS in Different CoreBuilder 7000s 215
Alias Names 215
Resetting to Factory Defaults 215
Upgrading the Software 215
Switch-over Example in CoreBuilder 7000 216
AT
ECHNICAL SUPPORT
Online Technical Services 217
World Wide Web Site 217
3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 217
3Com FTP Site 218
3Com Bulletin Board Service 218
3Com Facts Automated Fax Service 219
Support from Your Network Supplier 219
Support from 3Com 219
Returning Products for Repair 221

BPROTOCOLS AND INTERFACES
Physical Layer 223
SONET STS-3c Physical Layer Interface 223
DS-3 Physical Layer Interface 224
ATM Layer 226
ATM Cell Structure 226
The ATM Layer 227
Operation & Maintenance (OAM) 229
ATM Layer OAM 229
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 231
AAL1 231
AAL2 231
AAL3/4 231
AAL5 231
CCOREBUILDER®7000 FAMILY ATM SWITCH SPECIFICATIONS
DSAFETY INFORMATION
Guidelines for Avoiding Bodily Harm 239
Körperliche Schäden 240
Dommages corporels 240
Guidelines for Avoiding Equipment Damage 240
Schäden am Gerät 241
Dommage causé à l'équipement 241
GLOSSARY
INDEX
3COM CORPORATION LIMITED WARRANTY

ABOUT THIS GUIDE
The CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switches Operations Guide provides all
the information you need to understand the networking principles of the
CoreBuilder®7000 family ATM switch and how it is used in an ATM
network. It is applicable for both the Base and Extended versions of the
software.
This guide is intended for the system or network administrator who uses
the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch. It assumes a working
knowledge of local area network (LAN) operation, and a familiarity with
communications protocols that are used on interconnected LANs. No
prior knowledge of 3Com’s CoreBuilder networking equipment is
necessary to understand this guide.
If the information in the release notes that are shipped with this product
differs from the information in this guide, follow the instructions in the
release notes.

14 ABOUT THIS GUIDE
Finding Specific
Information in
This Guide
This table shows the location of specific information in this guide:
Conventions Table 1 through Table 3 list conventions that are used throughout this
guide.
If you are looking for Turn to
Information about ATM network basics Chapter 1
Information about ILMI local management Chapter 2
Information about the E-IISP protocol Chapter 3
Information about the PNNI protocol Chapter 4
Information about signaling, routing and establishing an ATM
connection
Chapter 5
Information about ATM switching Chapter 6
Information about LAN emulation Chapter 7
Information about virtual networks Chapter 8
Information about how to manage the CoreBuilder 7000 Chapter 9
Information about switch redundancy Chapter 10
Information about obtaining technical support Appendix A
Information about protocols and interfaces Appendix B
Information about system specifications Appendix C
Information about safety Appendix D
Ta b l e 1 Notice Icons
Icon Notice Type Description
Information note Information that describes important features or
instructions
Caution Information that alerts you to potential loss of data or
potential damage to an application, system, or device
Warning Information that alerts you to potential personal injury

Documentation 15
Documentation This section provides information about supporting documentation,
including:

CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switch Documents

Related Documents
Ta b l e 2 Text Conventions
Convention Description
Screen displays This typeface represents information as it appears on the
screen.
Syntax The word “syntax” means that you must evaluate the syntax
provided and then supply the appropriate values for the
placeholders that appear in angle brackets. Example:
To enable RIPIP, use the following syntax:
SETDefault !<port> -RIPIP CONTrol =
Listen
In this example, you must supply a port number for <port>.
Commands The word “command” means that you must enter the
command exactly as shown and then press Return or Enter.
Commands appear in bold. Example:
To remove the IP address, enter the following command:
SETDefault !0 -IP NETaddr = 0.0.0.0
The words “enter”
and “type”
When you see the word “enter” in this guide, you must type
something, and then press Return or Enter. Do not press
Return or Enter when an instruction simply says “type.”
Keyboard key names If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the key
names are linked with a plus sign (+). Example:
Press Ctrl+Alt+Del
Words in italics Italics are used to:
 Emphasize a point.
 Denote a new term at the place where it is defined in the
text.
 Identify menu names, menu commands, and software
button names. Examples:
From the Help menu, select Contents.
Click OK.

16 ABOUT THIS GUIDE
CoreBuilder 7000
Family ATM Switch
Documents
The CD-ROM that comes with your system contains on-line versions of
the documents:

CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switches Installation and Startup
Guide
This guide describes how to install and setup a CoreBuilder 7000
family ATM switch.

CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switches Management Guide
This guide explains how to configure and network a CoreBuilder
7000 family ATM switch

CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switches Operations Guide
This guide contains detailed explanations of the theory of operation
of the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch.
 Release Notes (on separate CD-ROM)
The release notes contain information about the latest software
release.
The complete documentation for the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM
switches is shown in Table 3.
Related Documents Documentation related to the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch is
presented in Table 4.
Ta b l e 3 CoreBuilder 7000 Documentation
Document 3Com Part No.
CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switches
Management Guide
DMA3700-0AAA01
CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switches Operations
Guide
DOA3700-0AAA01
CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switches Installation
and Startup Guide
DIA3700-0BAA05
CoreBuilder 7000HD Switch Release Notes
Ta b l e 4 Related Documentation
Document 3Com Part No.
CoreBuilder 7200 Ethernet/ATM Interface Card
Installation and Administration Guide
DUA7200-0BAA01

Documentation 17
Documentation Road
Map
The following table helps you locate the information you need.
CoreBuilder 7200 Ethernet/ATM Interface Card
Operation Guide
DUA7200-0AAA01
CoreBuilder 7400 Ethernet/ATM Interface Card User
Guide
DUA7400-0AAA01
CoreBuilder 7600 Fast Ethernet Interface Card User
Guide
DUA7600-0AAA01
8-Port Board ATM Interface Card User Guide DUA3708-0AAA01
622 Mbps ATM Interface Module User Guide DUA3762-1AAA01
DS-3 Interface Module Installation Guide DIA00DS-1AAA01
E3 Interface Module Installation Guide DIA00E3-1AAA01
32MB Memory Upgrade Installation Guide DIA370U-1AAA01
FastBUS Board User Guide DUA37FB-1AAA01
SuperStack II Switch 2700 Operation Guide DUA2700-0AAA02
SuperStack II Switch 2700 Installation & Setup Guide DUA2700-0BAA02
SuperStack II Switch 2700 Adminstration Guide DUA2700-OCAA02
ATMvLAN Manager User Guide (UNIX 4.22) 09-1046-002
ATMvLAN Manager User Guide ('97 Windows NT) 09-1112-001
Ta b l e 4 Related Documentation
Document 3Com Part No.
If you want to... Read...
Learn about new features or corrections in the
CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch software.
Release Notes
Learn about changes to the CoreBuilder 7000
family ATM switch’s documentation.
Release Notes
Get an overview of the CoreBuilder 7000 family
ATM switch, including system components.
Installation and Startup Guide
Prepare your site for CoreBuilder 7000 family
installation.
Installation and Startup Guide
Learn about various configurations in which you
can install your CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM
switch.
Installation and Startup Guide
Install and power up your CoreBuilder 7000 family
ATM switch.
Installation and Startup Guide
Learn about how you administer and manage the
CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch.
Management Guide

18 ABOUT THIS GUIDE
Documentation
Comments
Your suggestions are very important to us. They help us make our
documentation more useful to you.
Please send e-mail comments about this guide to:
[e-mail]
Please include the following information when commenting:
 Document Title
 Document Part Number (found on back page of each document and
in Table 3)
 Page Number (if appropriate)
Year 2000
Compliance
For information on Year 2000 compliance and 3Com products, visit the
3Com Year 2000 Web page:
http://www.3com.com/products/yr2000.html
Learn about ATM and how it is implemented in the
CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch.
Management Guide
Learn about LAN Emulation and how it is
implemented in the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM
switch.
Operations Guide
Find out what type of configuration tasks you can
perform on the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM
switch.
Management Guide
Quickly set up your CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM
switch for management access.
Installation and Startup Guide
Perform configuration or administration tasks using
the Administration Console.
Operations Guide
Get assistance. Technical Support Appendix in
any guide
If you want to... Read...

1ATM NETWORK BASICS
This chapter provides basic concepts and information about:
 ATM Overview
 ATM Cell Structure
 ATM Layers
 Functional Planes
 Designing ATM Networks
 ATM Network Examples
ATM Overview In 1986, the Comité Consulatif International Télégraphique et
Téléphonique (CCITT), now known as the International
Telecommunications Union (ITU), formed a study group to explore the
concept of a high-speed, integrated network to uniformly handle voice,
data, and a variety of other services. Their research resulted in
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), a telecommunications concept
defined by CCITT and ANSI standards for carriage of a complete range of
user traffic on any User-to-Network Interface (UNI) and to facilitate
multimedia networking between high-speed devices at multi-megabit
speeds.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a high-speed networking
technology that utilizes packets of a fixed length. ATM uses logical
connections to provide quality of service guarantees which enable
disparate traffic such as data, voice, and video to be carried over the
same local or wide area network.
Using this connection-oriented networking technology, centered by a
switch, you can set up a great number of virtual connections to support
multiple applications through the same physical connection. The
switching technology enables dedicated bandwidth for each application,

20 CHAPTER 1: ATM NETWORK BASICS
overcoming the problems that exist in a shared-media networking
technology, like Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI. ATM allows different
types of physical layer technology to share the same higher layer — the
ATM layer.
ATM Cell Structure Unlike Ethernet which transfers variable length packets, ATM switches
transfer fixed length cells. The ATM cell is 53 bytes in length: 5 bytes of
header and 48 bytes of payload information. The header contains
enough information to allow the network to forward each cell to its
proper destination. The cell header also provides the network with the
ability to implement congestion control and traffic management
mechanisms.
Figure 1 presents the structure of the ATM cell.
Figure 1 Layout of the ATM Cell
Advantages of Using
Fixed-Length Cells
Fixed-length cells offer the following advantages:
 Network and switching queueing delays are more predictable than for
variable-length packets.
 Cell switching is less complex and more reliable. ATM hardware can be
implemented more efficiently because control structures, buffers, and
buffer management schemes can be designed to known size criteria.
 Cell-relay switches can process cells in parallel, achieving speeds that
far exceed the limitations of packet switch architectures.