Adaptec ACB-2370 User manual

adaptec
ACB-2370/ACB-2372
User's Manual

COPYRIGHT
©
Copyright 1987, 1988 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved.
No
part
of
this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or
transmitted,
inanyform
or
by
anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,
or
otherwise,
without the prior written consent
of
Adaptec, Inc., 691 South Milpitas Blvd., Milpitas,
California 95035.
TRADEMARKS
The trademarksreferred to in this manual are identified
and
acknowledgedas follows: IBM
PC/AT, PC-DOS, and OS/2 are registered trademarks
of
International Business Machines
Corporation. MS-DOS is a registered trademark
of
Microsoft Corporation. Unix is a
registered trademark
of
AT
& T. Xenix is a registered trademark
of
Intel Corporation.
Net
Ware
is a registered trademark
of
Novell Corporation.
CHANGES
The material
in
this manual is for information only
and
is subject to change without notice.
Adaptec reserves the right to make changes in the product design without reservation and
without notification to its users.
Additional information may
be
obtained from:
Adaptec, Inc.
Literature Department
691 South Milpitas Blvd.
Milpitas,
CA
95035
FCC COMPLIANCE
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency and
if
not installed and used properly, that
is, instrict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference
to
radio and
television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
computing device
in
accordance with the specifications inSubpart
J
of
Part 15
of
FCC Rules,
which are designed
to
provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential
installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will notoccur in a particularinstal-
lation.
If
this equipmentdoes cause interference to radio
or
television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment
off
and on, the user is encouraged to
try
to
correct the
interference
by
one ormore
of
the following measures:
Reorient the receiving antenna.
Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.
Move the computer away from the receiver.
Plug the computerinto a differentoutletso thatcomputer and receiver are
OI'I.
different
branch circuits.
If
necessary, the user shouldconsult the dealer
or
an experiencedradio/television technician for
additional suggestions. The usermay find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Com-
munications Commission helpful:
"How to Identify andResolve Radio-'IVInterference Problems"
This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402,
Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

Table of Contents
Section
Page
1.0 INIRODUCTION
1-1
1.1
Scope and Purpose of Manual 1-1
1.2 Reference Documents
1-1
1.3 Overview
of Product 1-1
1.4 Hardware and SoftwareRequirements 1-4
2.0 HARDWARE INSTALLATION 2-1
2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2
Environmental Requirements 2-1
2.3 Unpacking Procedure 2-1
2.4 ACB-2372 Board Layout 2-2
2.5 ACB-2370 BoardLayout 2-3
2.6 System Requirements 2-4
2.7 Integration Into the System 2-6
3.0
SOFIW ARE INSTALLATION 3-1
3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Software Installation Flowchart 3-1
3.3 FormatProcedure for a Single Hard Disk Drive 3-7
4.0
1ROUBLESHOOTING 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2
Adaptec ACB-237X Troubleshooting Checklist 4-2
4.3 Controller Error Codes 4-3
4.4 BIOS Error Codes 4-7
5.0
APPENDICES
A-1
I. Installing SCO Xexix A-1
II. Installing ISC UNIX A-2
III. Installing OS/2 A-3
IV. Installing Novell 2.0A A-5
v. Installing Novell 2.1 A-7
VI. Adaptec Autoconfiguration A-10
VII. Driver and Operating System Support A-12
VIII.
Using More Than 1024 Cylinders A-14
adaptec

Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2-1 ACB-237X System Memory Map 2-4
2-2 ACB-2372 ControllerPowerRequirements 2-5
2-3 ACB-2370 ControllerPower Requirements 2-5
2-4 ACB-2372 ControllerJumper Definitions 2-6
2-5 ACB-2370 ControllerJumper Definitions 2-8
2-6 ACB-2372 Controller Connector Definitions 2-15
2-7 ACB-2370 Controller Connector Definitions 2-15
4-1 Class 00 Error Codes (Drive Errors) 4-4
4-2 Class 01 Error Codes (Data Recovery Errors) 4-5
4-3 Class
02 Error Codes (System-Related Errors) 4-6
4-4 Class 03 Error Codes (Diagnostics Errors) 4-6
4-5 Class 04 Error Codes (Timeouts and Misc. Errors) 4-7
4-6 BIOS Error Codes 4-7
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
2-1 ACB-2372 BoardLayout 2-2
2-2 ACB-2370 BoardLayout 2-3
2-3 ACB-2372 Controllerand Drive Cabling-Twisted
Cable (Hard Disk Cables) 2-11
2-4 ACB-2372 Controller and Drive Cabling-Flat Cable
(Hard Disk Cables) 2-12
2-5 ACB-2370 Controllerand Drive Cabling-Twisted
Cable (Hard Disk Cables) 2-13
2-6 ACB-2370 Controller and Drive Cabling-Flat Cable
(Hard Disk Cables) 2-14
ACB-237X
ii

Section One
Introduction
1.1
SCOPE AND
PURPOSE
OF
MANUAL
The
purpose
of
this manual
is
to
guide
the system
integrator
through
a
successful installation
of
Adaptec's
ACB-237X
board.
This
includes
both
hardware and software installation,
as
well as basic troubleshooting information.
1.
2
REFERENCE
DOCUMENTS
IBM
PC
AT Guide to Operations Manual
IBM DOS Reference Manual Version 3.0 or Higher
IBM
PC
AT
Technical Reference Manual
Appropriate Disk Drive User's Manual
1.3
OVERVIEW
OF
PRODUCT
The
Adaptec ACB-2372 is a high-performance 2,7
RLL
Hard Disk
and
Floppy
Disk
Controller for the IBM
PC
AT
and equivalent personal computers.
The
ACB-2370 is a 2,7
RLL
Hard Disk Controller. The ACB-237X controllers are
software
and
hardware compatible with the
IBM
PC
AT
hard disk controller
interface.
The
Adaptec ACB-2372 2,7
RLL
Hard Disk
and
Floppy
Disk
Controller
and
ACB-2370 Hard Disk Controller have the following features:
IBM hardware compatible.
Plugs directly into
AT
bus compatible systems
without modification. Register (port) compatible to the IBM
AT
controller,
giving true compatibility.
IBM software compatible.
Runs all software, without change, that runs on
the IBM AT controller. Runs software that communicates through the
AT
system BIOS
or
directly to the controller registers, thus, the highest
AT
compatibility is achieved.
1 - 1
adaptec

Section One
Supports two 2,7 run-length limited (RLL) qualified ST-4121506 drives.
Runs High Performance 7 .5 MHz RLL drives from all major RLL
manufacturers. Supports two drives that have different capacities, different
access times and different manufacturers without controller modification.
Drives with up to 16 heads and 4096 cylinders are supported by the
controller through the registers, 1024 cylinders via INT
13. Provides both
the highest capacity and highest performance.
Can support more than 1024 cylinders under DOS. A built-in partition
driver allows use of drives with more than 1024 cylinders under DOS.
Breaks the OOS INT 13 limit. See Appendix VIII for details.
Highest AT 2,7 RLL performance. The combination of non-interleaved
operation, low controller overhead, and 26 sectors per track give the ACB-
237X the highest transfer rate available today. This is from 700 Kilobytes
per second to as high as 750 Kilobytes per second data transfer depending
on system configuration, thus the highest system performance in
multitrack data transfers.
Non-interleaved operation. This gives the ability to read one track of data
in one disk revolution, the maximum rate that the drive can give data to the
controller. This provides the fastest controller/drive performance.
Most accurate 2,7RLL data separator. The AIC-6225 Data Separator chip
used in all Adaptec 2,7 RLL designs has the smallest data separator window
margin in the industry. For the ACB-237X, the window margin is 3.3
nanoseconds compared to 6-10 nanoseconds for the competition. This
insures the hightest data reliability for your valuable data.
Optional on-board Adaptec ACB-BIOS. This provides the most
functionality of any AT controller. The copyrighted ACB-BIOS contains
the low level format, defect management, data verification,
autoconfiguration of any drive without changing AT system BIOS, large
disk partitioning and OOS device driver. The ACB-BIOS functions are also
accessible by your customized redirected 1/0 drive configuration program.
ACB-237X
1 -2

Introduction
ACB-BIOS low-level primary format. This provides the ability
on
the
controller to format the drive without the need
of
system diagnostics
or
changing the AT system BIOS.
ACB-BIOS ability to
add
grown defects, save and protect all defect lists.
This gives the ability to run additional defect tests and add the defects to
those the manufacturer found. Also the controller saves and protects both
the manufacturer's and grown lists from accidental erasure, thus the highest
data reliability.
ACB-BIOS sector-level defect mapping. This flags a sector on the disk to
be unusable and reports to the operating system its location, giving system
level data integrity.
ACB-BIOS data verification using worst case data patterns. This tests the
disk with the worst possible combinations
of
data before valuable user data
is placed on the disk. This provides the highest data reliability.
ACB-BIOS autoconfiguration
of
any 2,7 RLL drive, not in
AT
system
BIOS. This allows any 2,7 RLL drive to
be
formatted and used without
changing
the
AT
system
BIOS
drive
tables.
This
simplifies
the
cumbersome task
of
changing EPROM drive tables to add 2,7 RLL. The
controller writes the drive parameters onto the drive during format and reads
them on power up. This is ideal for field upgrades since the controller does
not need to be hardware configured to the specific drive. This achieves the
highest drive flexibility possible.
ACB-BIOS large disk logical partitioning. Since many 2,7 RLL drives are
greater than the 32 MB limitation set
by
DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2, this
allows you to divide the drive into volumes
of
any size up to 32
MB
each.
Up to 16 volumes can be defined on one drive
or
24 volumes on two
drives, maximizing the drive capacity under a DOS environment.
ACB-BIOS downloadable DOS driver. The ACB-BIOS has a device driver
that is downloaded to a floppy. This allows access to the 16
or
24 32 MB
volumes defined by the Large Disk Logical Partitioning. This gives all
of
1 - 3 adaptec

Section
One
the software necessary to go beyond 32 MB right on the controller, thus
reducing your support and eliminating the need to write a device driver.
XT
height board. This allows use in both XT and AT height machines,
thus giving you flexibility in choosing your machine's enclosure.
High component integration using Adaptec !Cs. Adaptec is committed to
IC developement in order to integrate and to reduce the price
of
both boards
and ICs. Adaptec's ICs are used in all Adaptec boards and in most integrated
drives on the market; therefore, Adaptec components are proven in
reliability and in high volume production.
Use
of
surface mount technology. Adaptec is committed to the leading edge
of
technology. Surface Mount Technology allows greater functionality in
smaller spaces, as well as higher reliability.
The
ACB-2372
has
these
additional
features:
Support
of
two
IBM
AT-type
floppy
disk
drives. Compatible with the
most popular IBM floppy capacities. This includes 360 KB and 1.2 MB
floppy capacities for 5 1/4" floppy compatibility. Also supports 3 1/2"
floppies that use the 5 1/4" floppy drive interface.
Analogfloppy data separator. This gives much higher data integrity than
digital data separators. Thus floppy data reliability and data retrievability are
improved over previous AT floppy controllers.
1.4
HARDWARE
AND
SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENTS
The
Adaptec ACB-2372 Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Controller has been
designed to run in IBM PC AT-compatible computers that do not have a separate
or embedded floppy disk controller.
The Adaptec ACB-2370 Hard Disk Controller has been designed to run in IBM
PC AT-compatible computers that have a separate or embedded floppy disk
controller.
ACB-237X
1-4

Introduction
In order to install an Adaptec ACB-237X into an IBM PC AT-compatible
computer, the following configuration is required:
1. ACB-2372: IBM PC AT-compatible computer without floppy disk
controller.
ACB-2370: IBM PC AT-compatible computer with floppy disk controller.
Note: Compatible computers are defined to have 110 bus speeds of 6 MHz with one 110
wait stale, 8 MHz with one 110 wait stale or JO MHz with two 110 wait states. 110 bus
speed is not the same as CPU or memory speeds. For example, a 16 MHz 286 or 386
machine typically runs the 110 bus aJ 8 MHz with one 110 wait state.
2. PC or MS-DOS Version 3.0 or higher. System and supplemental program
diskettes.
The ACB-237X will also run with non-DOS operating systems and
networks. Please refer to the appendix for operation with Interactive
System Unix V/386, SCO Xenix
V.2.x, Novell NetWare 2.x, OS/2 and
other operating systems.
3. A "set-up" diskette that allows the PC AT-compatible computer's
configuration RAM to
be set up (such as the diagnostics diskette IBM
supplies with its PC ATs.)
4. Adaptec ACB-2372 hard disk and floppy disk controller or ACB-2370 hard
disk controller.
5. A 2,7 RLL qualified Winchester disk drive (Ask your drive manufacturer if
your drive is qualified for 2,7 RLL data encoding).
6. 5 1/4"
or 3 1/2" floppy disk drive.
7. 20- and 34-pin flat
or twisted ribbon cables for hard disk.
8. 34-pin twisted ribbon cable for floppy disk.
1 -5 adaptec