AEMC PowerPad 3945-B User manual

3-PHASE POWER QUALITY
ANALYZER
3945-B
PowerPad®
ENGLISH User Manual
IMPORTANT WARRANTY NOTE:
By registering online within 30 days from the date of
purchase, your warranty will be extended to 3 years

Statement of Compliance
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC®Instruments
certifies that this instrument has been calibrated using
standards and instruments traceable to international
standards.
We guarantee that at the time of shipping your
instrument has met its published specifications.
An NIST traceable certificate may be requested at
the time of purchase, or obtained by returning the
instrument to our repair and calibration facility, for a
nominal charge.
The recommended calibration interval for this instrument
is 12 months and begins on the date of receipt by the
customer. For recalibration, please use our calibration
services. Refer to our repair and calibration section at
www.aemc.com.
Serial #: ____________________________________
Cat. #: ______________________________________
Model #: 3945-B
Please fill in the appropriate date as indicated:
Date Received: _________________________________
Date Calibration Due: _______________________
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc.
d.b.a AEMC®Instruments
www.aemc.com

READ CAREFULLY BEFORE
USING FOR THE FIRST TIME
Your instrument is equipped with a NiMH battery. This technology offers several
advantages:
• Long battery charge life for a limited volume and weight.
• Possibility of quickly recharging your battery.
• Signicantlyreducedmemoryeffect:youcanrechargeyour
battery even if it is not fully discharged.
• Respectfortheenvironment:nopollutantmaterialssuchaslead
or cadmium, in compliance with the applicable regulations.
After prolonged storage, the battery may be completely discharged. If so, it must
be completely recharged.
Your instrument may not function during part of this recharging operation.
Full recharging of a completely discharged battery may take several hours.
In this case, at least 5 charge/discharge cycles will be necessary for your
battery to recover 95% of its capacity.
To make the best possible use of your battery and extend its effective service life:
• Only use the charger supplied with your instrument. Use of
another charger may be dangerous.
• Only charge your instrument at temperatures between 0° and 40°C.
• Complywiththeconditionsofusedenedintheoperatingmanual.
• Complywiththestorageconditionsspeciedintheoperating
manual.
NiMH technology allows a limited number of charge/discharge cycles depending
signicantly on:
• The conditions of use.
• The charging conditions.
Please refer to § 7 for correct replacement of the battery.
Do not dispose of the battery pack with other solid waste. Used batteries
must be entrusted to a qualied recycling company or to a company
specialized in processing hazardous materials.

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B 3
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 7
1.1 International Electrical Symbols...........................................................7
1.2 Denition of Measurement Categories.................................................8
1.3 Receiving Your Shipment .....................................................................8
1.4 Ordering Information ............................................................................8
1.4.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts......................................9
1.4.2 Third Party Accessories ........................................................10
2. PRODUCT FEATURES....................................................................... 11
2.1 Description .........................................................................................11
2.2 Control Functions...............................................................................12
2.3 Display ...............................................................................................14
2.4 Battery Charge Status........................................................................16
3. SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................. 17
3.1 Reference Conditions.........................................................................17
3.2 Electrical Specications .....................................................................17
3.2.1 Voltage Inputs .......................................................................17
3.2.2 Current Inputs .......................................................................18
3.2.3 Accuracy Specications (excluding current probes) ............18
3.2.4 Nominal Range of Use..........................................................19
3.2.5 Power Supply........................................................................19
3.3 Mechanical Specications..................................................................20
3.4 Environmental Specications.............................................................20
3.5 Safety Specications..........................................................................20
3.6 AC Current Probe Model SR193 ............................................................... 21
3.7 AC Current Probe MN93 Probe .........................................................22
3.8 AC Current Probe MN193 Probe ............................................................... 23
3.9 AC Current Probe AmpFlex®Probe ...........................................................24
3.10 AC Current Probe MiniFlex®Sensor .........................................................25
3.11 AC Current Probe MR193 Probe ............................................................ 26
3.12 Three-phase 5A Adapter Box .............................................................28
3.12.1 Connecting to Secondary Current Transformer ...................29
3.12.2 Specications........................................................................29

4 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
4. OPERATION..................................................................................... 30
4.1 Instrument Conguration (Set-up mode)............................................30
4.1.1 Date / Time............................................................................31
4.1.2 Contrast / Brightness ............................................................31
4.1.3 Colors....................................................................................32
4.1.4 Calculation Parameters.........................................................32
4.1.5 Electrical Hookup (electrical network)...................................33
4.1.6 Current Sensors....................................................................34
4.1.7 Baud Rate.............................................................................35
4.1.8 Recording..............................................................................36
4.1.9 Alarm.....................................................................................37
4.1.10 Clear Memory .......................................................................39
4.1.11 Line Frequency .....................................................................39
5. DISPLAY MODES ............................................................................. 40
5.1 Waveform Mode.................................................................................40
5.1.1 RMS Voltage Measurement on a Three-phase System........40
5.1.2 RMS Voltage Measurement on 3 Phases .............................. 41
5.1.3 RMS Current Measurement .................................................42
5.1.4 Total Harmonic Distortion Measurement on One Phase.......42
5.1.5 Minimum and Maximum Current Value Measurements ........43
5.1.6 Simultaneous Display of Current Measurements..................44
5.1.7 Phasor Diagram Display (Fresnel Diagram) .........................45
5.2 Harmonics Mode................................................................................46
5.2.1 Single Phase and Phase-to-Phase Voltage Analysis............46
5.2.2 Single Phase and Phase-to-Phase Current Analysis............47
5.2.3 Power and Direction Flow Analysis.......................................48
5.2.4 Harmonic Analysis in Expert Mode .......................................49
5.3 Power / Energy Mode.........................................................................50
5.3.1 Starting and Stopping Energy Totalization ............................50
5.3.2 G Button................................................................................51
5.3.3 PF... Button ...........................................................................51
5.4 Transient Mode .................................................................................52
5.4.1 Opening Previously Stored Transients..................................54
5.4.2 Storing the Trigger ................................................................54
5.5 Alarm Mode........................................................................................56

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B 5
5.6 Recording Mode.................................................................................57
5.6.1 Saving the Selected Parameters ..........................................57
5.6.2 Selecting or Deleting a Record .............................................59
5.6.3 Selecting a Graphic Display for Recorded Measurements ......60
5.7 Saving a Display ................................................................................63
5.8 Opening a Previously Saved Snapshot..............................................64
5.9 Printing...............................................................................................65
5.10 Help....................................................................................................65
6. DATAVIEW®SOFTWARE................................................................... 66
6.1 Installing DataView®...........................................................................66
6.2 Connecting the Model 3945-B to your Computer...............................69
6.3 Opening the Control Panel.................................................................70
6.4 Common Functions............................................................................72
6.5 Conguring the Instrument.................................................................72
6.5.1 Setup.....................................................................................73
6.5.2 Instrument Display ................................................................74
6.5.3 Alarm Conditions Conguration ............................................75
6.5.4 Recordings Conguration .....................................................77
6.5.5 Transients .............................................................................78
6.5.6 Monitoring .............................................................................79
6.5.7 Running the Test ...................................................................80
6.6 Real-time Windows ............................................................................80
6.6.1 Waveform, Harmonic Bar and Harmonic Text.......................80
6.6.2 Power/Energy .......................................................................81
6.6.3 Trend.....................................................................................82
6.7 Downloading Data to Database .........................................................82
6.7.1 Recordings............................................................................83
6.7.2 Photographs..........................................................................84
6.7.3 Alarms...................................................................................85
6.7.4 Transients .............................................................................85
6.7.5 Monitoring .............................................................................87
6.7.6 Saving Real-time Measurements..........................................88

6 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
7. MAINTENANCE................................................................................ 90
7.1 Recharging the Battery ......................................................................90
7.2 Battery Replacement..........................................................................90
7.2 Cleaning.............................................................................................91
APPENDIX A: MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS.......................................... 92
Half-period Voltage and Current RMS Values .............................................92
MIN / MAX Values for Voltage and Current .................................................93
Peak Values for Voltage and Current ..........................................................93
Peak Factors for Current and Voltage .........................................................93
1 sec RMS Values for Voltage and Current.................................................94
Voltage and Current Unbalance ..................................................................94
THD Calculation ..........................................................................................94
Calculation of Harmonic Bins ......................................................................95
Distortion Factor Calculation (DF)...............................................................95
K Factor.......................................................................................................96
Different Power Levels 1 Sec......................................................................96
Ratios ..........................................................................................................97
Various Types of Energy .............................................................................97
Hysteresis....................................................................................................99
APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY................................................................... 100
Repair and Calibration..................................................................... 103
Technical and Sales Assistance....................................................... 103
Limited Warranty ............................................................................. 104
Warranty Repairs............................................................................. 104

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B 7
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Warning
• Never use on circuits with a voltage higher than 600V and an overvoltage
category higher than CAT III or IV (probe dependant)
• Use in indoor environments only.
• Only use accessories that are compliant with the safety standards
(IEC 664-1 Ed. 92) 600V min and overvoltage CAT III or IV.
• Only use factory specied replacement parts.
• Always disconnect the power cord, measurement leads and sensors be-
fore replacing the battery.
1.1 International Electrical Symbols
Signifies that the instrument is protected by double or reinforced insulation.
CAUTION - DANGER! Read the User Manual.
Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol may
be dangerous.
Refers to a type A current sensor. This symbol signifies that application around
and removal from HAZARDOUS LIVE conductors is permitted.
Refers to a type B current sensor. Do not apply around or remove from HAZARD-
OUS LIVE conductors without additional protective means (de-energizing the
circuit or wearing protective clothing suitable for high voltage work).
Important instructions to read and understand completely.
Important information to acknowledge.
USB socket
The CE marking guarantees conformity with European directives and with
regulations covering EMC.
The trash can with a line through it means that in the European Union, the
product must undergo selective disposal for the recycling of electric and
electronic material, in compliance with Directive WEEE 2002/96/EC.

8 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
1.2 Definition of Measurement Categories
CATII: For measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the
electrical distribution system. Examples are measurements on household
appliances or portable tools.
CATIII: For measurements performed in the building installation at the distribution
level such as on hardwired equipment in xed installation and circuit
breakers.
CATIV: For measurements performed at the primary electrical supply (<1000V)
such as on primary overcurrent protection devices, ripple control units,
or meters.
1.3 Receiving Your Shipment
Make sure that the contents shipped are consistent with the packing list. Notify
your distributor of any missing items. If the equipment appears to be damaged,
le a claim immediately with the carrier and notify your distributor at once, giving
a detailed description of any damage. Save the damaged packing container to
substantiate your claim. Do not use equipment which is damaged or appears to
be damaged.
After receiving your PowerPad®, charge and discharge the instrument one or
two cycles to ensure the proper level display of the battery indicator.
1.4 Ordering Information
PowerPad®Model 3945-B ..............................................................Cat. #2130.74
Includes extra large tool bag, soft carrying pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator
clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable, RS-232 to USB adapter, US 115V power cord,
rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
PowerPad®Model 3945-B w/MN93 ................................................Cat. #2130.75
Includes meter, set of three MN93 (240A) probes, extra large tool bag, soft carrying pouch, four
10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable,
RS-232 to USB adapter, US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick
with DataView® software and user manual.
PowerPad®Model 3945-B w/SR193...............................................Cat. #2130.76
Includes meter, set of three SR193 (1200A) probes, extra large tool bag, soft carrying pouch, four
10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable,
RS-232 to USB adapter, US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick
with DataView® software and user manual.
PowerPad®Model 3945-B w/24" AmpFlex®193-24 ......................Cat. #2130.77
Includes meter, set of three 24" AmpFlex® 193-24 (6500A) sensors, extra large tool bag, soft carry-
ing pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B 9
serial cable, RS-232 to USB adapter, US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack,
and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
PowerPad®Model 3945-B w/36" AmpFlex®193-36 ......................Cat. #2130.78
Includes meter, set of three 36" AmpFlex® 193-36 (6500A) sensors, extra large tool bag, soft carry-
ing pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled
serial cable, RS-232 to USB adapter, US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack,
and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
PowerPad®Model 3945-B w/MR193 ..............................................Cat. #2130.79
Includes meter, set of three color-coded MR193 (1000AAC/1400ADC) probes, extra large tool bag,
soft carrying pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically
coupled serial cable, RS-232 to USB adapter, US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery
pack, and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
PowerPad®Model 3945-B w/MN193 ..............................................Cat. #2130.80
Includes meter, set of three color-coded MN193 (6A/120A) probes, extra large tool bag, soft carry-
ing pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled
serial cable, RS-232 to USB adapter, US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack,
and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
Only the SR, Ampflex®and MiniFlex®sensors are rated 600V CAT IV
The MN, MR and SL probes are 300V CAT IV, 600V CAT III
1.4.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts
Extra Large Tool Bag ........................................................................Cat. #2133.73
Set of 3 Color-coded, MN93 Probes (240A).....................................Cat. #2140.09
Set of 3 Color-coded, SR193 Probes (1200A) ................................. Cat. #2140.10
Set of 3 Color-coded, 24" AmpFlex® 193-24 Probes (6500A) .......... Cat. #2140.11
Set of 3 Color-coded, 36" AmpFlex® 193-36 Probes (6500A) ..........Cat. #2140.12
Set of 3 Color-coded, MR193 Probes (1000AAC/1400ADC)............ Cat. #2140.13
Set of 3 Color-coded, MN193 Probes (6A/120A)............................. Cat. #2140.14
Replacement, Soft Carrying Pouch .................................................. Cat. #2140.15
5A Adapter Box (for 1 or 5A probes).................................................Cat. #2140.17
10 ft Cable, PC RS-232, DB9 F/F.....................................................Cat. #2140.18
Replacement Battery 9.6V NiMH......................................................Cat. #2140.19
Set of (3) Color-coded MN93 Probes, 30 ft Leads (200A)................Cat. #2140.24
Set of (3) Color-coded SR193 Probes, 30 ft Leads (1200A) ............ Cat. #2140.25
Set of (3) Color-coded 24", 30 ft Leads (6500A)
AmpFlex®Sensors Model 193-24-30 ...............................................Cat. #2140.26
Set of (3) Color-coded 36", 30 ft Leads (6500A)
AmpFlex®Sensors Model 193-36-30 ...............................................Cat. #2140.27
MR193 Probe (black connector) (1000AAC/1400ADC)..................... Cat. #2140.28

10 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
Set of (3) Color-coded MN193, 30 ft Leads (5A/100A).....................Cat. #2140.29
Set of (3) Color-coded MR193, 30 ft Leads (1000AAC/1400ADC).....Cat. #2140.30
AC Current Probe Model MN93-BK (200A)......................................Cat. #2140.32
AC Current Probe Model SR193-BK (1200A) .................................. Cat. #2140.33
AmpFlex®Sensor 24" Model 193-24-BK (6500A) ............................Cat. #2140.34
AmpFlex®Sensor 36" Model 193-36-BK (6500A) ............................Cat. #2140.35
AC Current Probe Model MN193-BK (5A/100A) .............................. Cat. #2140.36
MiniFlex®Sensor 10" Model MA193-10-BK (1000A)........................Cat. #2140.48
Set of 4, Color-coded 30 ft (9m) Voltage Leads (600V CAT IV 10A) ..Cat. #2140.61
Replacement Lead - Set of 4, Color-coded 10 ft (3m)
with Color-coded alligator clips (red, black, blue & white) ................ Cat. #2140.64
115V Power Cord US .......................................................................Cat. #5000.14
1.4.2 Third Party Accessories
Converter - USB to RS-232, DB9 M/M ................ available online at www.startech.com
Converter - Ethernet to RS-232, Model ESP901...available online at www.bb-elec.com
OrderAccessoriesandReplacementPartsOnline:www.aemc.com/store
DataView
®
SoftwareUpdatesAvailableOnline:www.aemc.com

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B 11
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT FEATURES
2.1 Description
The PowerPad®Model 3945-B is a three-phase power quality analyzer that is
easy-to-use, compact and shock-resistant. It is intended for technicians and engi-
neers to measure and carry out diagnostic work and power quality work on one,
two or three phase low voltage networks.
Users are able to obtain instant waveforms of an electrical network’s principal char-
acteristics, and also monitor their variation over a period of time. The multi-tasking
measurement system simultaneously handles all the measurement functions and
waveform display of the various magnitudes, detection, continuous recordings and
their display without any constraints.
Features:
• Measurement of TRMS voltages up to 480V (phase-to-neutral) or 830V
(phase-to-phase) for two, three or four-wire systems
• Measurement of TRMS currents up to 6500Arms
• Measurement of DC voltage up to 850V
• Measurement of DC current up to 1400ADC (with MR193 probe)
• Frequency measurement (41 to 70Hz systems)
• Calculation of neutral current for WYE congurations
• Calculation of Crest Factors for current and voltage
• Calculation of the K Factor for transformers
• Calculation of short-term icker for voltage
• Calculation of the phase unbalance for voltage and current (3 phase only)
• Measurement of harmonic angles and rates (referenced to the fundamen-
tal or RMS value) for voltage, current or power, up to 50th harmonic
• Calculation of overall harmonic distortion factors
• Monitoring of the average value of any parameter, calculated over a period
running from 1 sec to 2 hrs
• Measurement of active, reactive and apparent power per phase and their
respective sum total
• Calculation of power factor, displacement power factor and tangent factor
• Total power from a point in time, chosen by the operator
• Recording, time stamping and characterization of disturbance (swells, sags
and interruptions, exceedence of power and harmonic thresholds)
• Detection of transients and recording of associated waveforms

12 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
2.2 Control Functions
MODEL 3945-B
PowerPad
®
W
?
300V
RMS
0
-300
<t= 5.0ms V1= +0 V2= +0 V3 = +0 >
3U
3V
3A
L1
L2
L3
THD CF
max
min
0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v
123
07/25/0249.99Hz 10:26 10 0 %
2
67
8
9
10
11
3
1
4
5
12
Figure 2-1
Over molded protective case.
 Color LCD display with graphic representation of system parameters and
measurements
 Six (6) function buttons used to modify the display mode.
 Four (4) function buttons which allow the user to:
Access the instrument setup parameters (see § 4.1).
Take a snapshot of the current screen or access screens already
stored in the memory. Record associated waveform and power
measurement data.
Print the measurement results on an external printer.
Get help on the current display functions, in the language chosen by
the user.

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B 13
ON / OFF button.
 Three (3) current inputs on the top of the instrument to enable the use of
current sensors (MN, SR, AmpFlex®, and MR probes).
 Four (4) voltage inputs.
 RS-232 bidirectional optically isolated output for transferring data to a PC (bi-
directional) or printing to a dedicated printer (DPU 414 - SEIKO).
 AC Line power input.
Enter button.
Four (4) buttons that enable movement of the cursor, browsing or the selec-
tion of data.
Buttons for directly accessing the 6 display modes at any time:
Transients(setrecordingorviewrecordedtransient):
• displays waveforms associated with rapid changes in input
HarmonicsView:
• display of the harmonics in percent and value ratios for of voltage,
current and power, for each harmonic through the 50th
• determination of harmonic current produced by non-linear loads
• analysis of the problems caused by harmonics according to their
order (heating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.)
 WaveformsView:
• displays voltage and current waveforms or vector representation
(Phasor diagram)
• identication of signal distortion signatures
• display of amplitude and phase unbalance for voltage and current
• checking connections for correct phase order
Power/Energy(vieworstartenergymonitoring):
• display of power levels and the associated parameters
(power factor, displacement and tangent)
• energy monitoring
•four quadrant measurement to discern produced/consumed ac-
tive energies and inductive/capacitive reactive energies
Recording(setrecordingorviewrecordeddata):
• time-related representation as bar charts or line graphs, of aver-
age power levels or of the average value of any parameter
• Line graphs of each selected parameter (up to 22) vs time
• line voltage stability check
• management of power consumed and generated
• monitoring of harmonic variations

14 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
AlarmEvents:
• provides a list of the alarms recorded according to the thresholds
programmed during conguration
• logging of interruption with half-cycle resolution
• determination of energy consumption exceedences
• stores value, duration, date, time and set point for up to 4096
events
2.3 Display
300V
RMS
0
-300
<t= 5.0ms V1 = +276 V2= -140 V3= -145 >
3U
3V
3A
L1
L2
L3
THD CF
max
min
5
2
1
3
4
202.5 v202.0 v202.7 v
123
07/25/0249.99Hz 10:2610 0 %
Figure 2-2
Top display bar indicates:
• Symbol of the tested mode (e.g. , , , etc)
• Frequency of measured signal
• Memory capacity status bar (only available in certain modes)
• Current date and time
• Battery charge status
Measured RMS values associated with waveforms.

Values of signals at an instant “t”, at the intersection of cursor and the waveforms.
The cursor can be moved along the time scale by pressing the buttons.

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B 15
Measurement selection:
RMS True RMS Measurement
THD Total Harmonic Distortion
CF Crest Factor
max/min Maximum and Minimum values
Simultaneous display of the various measurements
in alphanumeric form
Phasor diagram
The calculation of the DPF, Tan, KF,Φ, UNB, Min, Max, VAR, Harmonics, PST,
and DF parameters and the frequency measurement can only be performed if
voltage with a frequency of 41 to 70 Hz is applied to the Ch1 voltage input.
 Selection of waveforms to be displayed (use the buttons to select):
• 3U displays the 3 phase-to-phase voltages U1-2, U2-3, U3-1
• 3V displays the 3 phase-to-neutral voltages V1N, V2N, V3N
• 3A displays the 3 phase currents
• 4A displays the 3 phase currents and the neutral current
• L1, L2 or L3 displays the voltage and current, on phase 1, 2 or 3, when
selected
Protocol:
U: Signies phase-to-phase voltage
V: Signies phase-to-neutral voltage
L1, L2, L3: Refer to the phases (A,B,C or other)

16 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
2.4 Battery Charge Status
Battery Charging
25%
• Battery capacity level relative to full charge
• % of total capacity already charged (between 0 and 99%)
• Battery sign and % are blinking
Battery Full
100%
• Battery sign and % are xed
• % of total capacity is at 100%
Battery Discharging
25%
• Battery capacity level relative to full charge
• % of the remaining capacity
• Battery sign and % are xed
Battery Empty Discharging
0%
• % of total capacity reads 0%
• Battery sign and % are xed
New Battery Charging
?
• Fixed battery capacity level
• Question mark showing unknown capacity level
• Battery sign and % are blinking
New Battery Discharging
?
• Fixed battery capacity level
• Question mark showing unknown capacity level
• Battery sign and % are xed
WARNING: The battery may fully discharge when recording for long periods
of time while not connected to a power supply. The PowerPad®will con-
tinue to record for some time, even if below the minimum battery charge
value. However, the display may not come back on, and will eventually stop
saving data when the battery is too low. All data recorded will be saved.
If in the Record Mode, and the display does not come ON, supply power to
the PowerPad®with the line cord and the display will come back ON when
any button (other than ON/OFF) is pressed.
NOTE: When the 3945-B is stopped using the button, a conrmation is
requested if the equipment is in the process of recording.
NOTE: Line cord is plugged in
NOTE: Line cord may or may not
be plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in

Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B 17
CHAPTER 3
SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Reference Conditions
Parameter Reference Conditions
Ambient temperature 73°F ± 5°F (23°C ± 3°C)
Humidity 45%
Atmospheric pressure 25.4" Hg to 31.3" Hg (860 to 1060 hPa)
Phase voltage 230Vrms and 110Vrms ±2% without DC
Clamp current circuit input voltage 0.03V to 1Vrms without DC (<0.5%)
AmpFlex
®
current circuit input voltage 11.8mV to 118mVrms without DC (<0.5%)
Frequency of electricity network 50 and 60Hz ± 0.1Hz
V/I phase shift 0° active power / 90° reactive power
Harmonics <0.1%
The uncertainties given for power and energy measurements are maximum for Cos ϕ= 1 or Sin ϕ= 1
and are typical for the other phase shifts.
NOTE: The symbol “U” will be used throughout this manual and in the
instrument to refer to phase-to-phase voltage measurement.
The symbol “V” will be used for phase-to-neutral voltage measurement.
*All specications are subject to change without notice.
3.2 Electrical Specifications
SamplingFrequency(256samplespercycle):
12.8kHz samples/sec per channel @ 50Hz
15.36kHz samples/sec per channel @ 60Hz
MemorySize:4MB
MemoryPartition:Data Logging - 2MB; Waveform capture - XXMB;
Transient capture -XXB; Alarms - XXB
3.2.1 Voltage Inputs
OperatingRange: Phase-Phase - 960Vrms AC/DC
Phase-Neutral - 480Vrms AC/DC
InputImpedance:340kΩbetween phase and neutral
Overload:1.2Vn permanently; 2Vn for 1 sec (Vn = nominal voltage)

18 Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
3.2.2 Current Inputs
OperatingRange:0 to 1V
InputImpedance: 100kΩfor current probe circuit and 12.4kΩfor AmpFlex®circuit
Overload:1.7V
3.2.3 Accuracy Specifications (excluding current probes)
Function Range Display Resolution Accuracy
Frequency 40 to 69Hz 0.01Hz ±0.01Hz
Single phase RMS voltages
(Vrms, Vdem) 15V to 480V 0.1V ±0.5% ± 2cts
Phase-to-phase RMS voltages
(Urms, Udem) 15V to 960V 0.1V ±0.5% ± 2cts
DC voltage component 15V to 680V 0.1V ±1% ± 5cts
Single phase peak voltages
(Vpp, Vpm) 15V to 680V 0.1V ±1% ± 5cts
Phase-to-phase peak voltages
(Upp, Upm) 15V to 1360V 0.1 V if I < 1000 V 1 V if I ≥1000 V ±1% ± 5cts
Current probe (Arms, Adem) Inom/1000 to 1.2 Inom 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±0.5% ± 2cts
AmpFlex
®
&MiniFlex
®
*(Arms, Adem) 10A to 6500A 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±0.5% ± 1A
DC current (MR193) 1A to 1400A 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±(1% + 1A)
Peak Current (App, Apm) 0 to 1.7 x Inom 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±(1% + 1A)
Peak Current (AmpFlex
®
&MiniFlex
®
*)10 to 9190A 0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥1000 A ±(1% + 1A)
Crest Factor (Vcf, Ucf, Acf) 1.00 to 9.99 0.01 ±1% ± 2cts
Real Power (W)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex
®
Clamp-on
AmpFlex® &MiniFlex
®
*
0W to 9999kW
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
4 digits
(10000cts) ±1% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 10cts
±1.5% ± 10cts
Reactive Power (VAR)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex
®
Clamp-on
AmpFlex
®
&MiniFlex
®
*
0W to 9999kW
Sin ϕ ≥ 0.5
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
4 digits
(10000cts) ±1% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 10cts
±1.5% ± 10cts
Apparent Power (VA) 0VA to 9999kVA 4 digits ±1% ± 1ct
Power Factor (PF, DPF) -1.000 to 1.000
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.5
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.5
0.001
±1.5% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct
Tangent (Tan) for VA ≥ 50VA -32.76 to 32.76 0.001 Tan ϕ < 10
0.01 Tan ϕ < 10
±1° on ϕ
±1° on ϕ
Active Energy (Wh)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex
®
Clamp-on
AmpFlex
®
&MiniFlex
®
*
0Wh to 9999MWh
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.8
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8 Cos
ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
4 digits
(10000cts) ±1% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct
Reactive Energy (VARh)
Clamp-on
0VARh to 9999MVARh
Sin Φ ≥ 0.5
Sin Φ 0.2 to < 0.5
4 digits
±1.5% ± 1ct
±2.5% ± 1ct
Reactive Energy (VARh)
AmpFlex
®
&MiniFlex
®
*
0VARh to 9999MVARh
Sin ϕ ≥ 0.5
Sin ϕ 0.2 to < 0.5
4 digits
±1.5% ± 1ct
±2.5% ± 1ct