Agilent Technologies 4418B User manual

Agilent Technologies
Agilent
E4418B Power Meter
Service Guide
REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THIS
TECHNICAL MANUAL IS AUTHORIZED FOR
GOVERNMENT PURPOSES.

_________________________________________________________________
Power Meter Service Guide
This Power Meter Service Guide for the Agilent Technologies Model E4418B Power
Meter being delivered under U.S. Navy Contract Number N00104-07-R-DC15 has been
modified to comply with the requirements of that contract.
Manual Part Number E4418-90064
August 2007
REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
OF THIS TECHNICAL MANUAL IS
AUTHORIZED FOR GOVERNMENT
PURPOSES.
See the Service Guide For Safety
Information, Warranties, and Regulatory
information.
©Copyright Agilent Technologies 2007
All Rights Reserved
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC
DIVISION TMO CUSTOMER BUSINESS CENTER
9780 S MERIDIAN BLVD
ENGLEWOOD CO 80112 –5910
Agilent Technologies E4418B
Power Meter

Legal Information
Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide iii
Legal Information
Notice
Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent
Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including,
but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained
herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishings,
performance, or use of this material. No part of this document may be photocopied,
reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of
Agilent Technologies.
Certification
Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the
time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its
calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of
Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility,
and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization
members.
This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that 
Hewlett-Packard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and 
chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. To reduce 
potential confusion, the only change to product numbers and names has been in the 
company name prefix: where a product number/name was HP XXXX the current 
name/number is now Agilent XXXX. For example, model number HP8648 is now 
model number Agilent 8648.
Errata

Legal Information
iv Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or
inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing,
unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental
specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO
OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT
TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Exclusive Remedies
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES. AGILENT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER
BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

Equipment Operation
Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide v
Equipment Operation
Warnings and Cautions
This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards.
WARNING A warning calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like, which, if
not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or the loss
of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning until the indicated conditions
are fully understood and met.
Caution A caution calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like which, if not
correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or the
destruction of part or all of the equipment. Do not proceed beyond a caution
until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
Personal Safety Considerations
WARNING This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing
ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be
inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any
interruption of the protective conductor, inside or outside the
instrument, is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional
interruption is prohibited.
If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means of protection are intact) only.
No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified
personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.
For continued protection against fire hazard, replace the line fuse(s)
only with fuses of the same type and rating (for example, normal blow,
time delay, etc.). The use of other fuses or material is prohibited.

Equipment Operation
vi Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide
General Safety Considerations
WARNING Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has been properly
grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a
socket outlet provided with protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or
outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal
can result in personal injury.
Caution Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of the
instrument with protective covers removed should be performed only by
trained service personnel.
Markings
The CE mark shows that the product complies with all the
relevant European legal Directives (if accompanied by a
year, it signifies when the design was proven.
This is the symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical
Group 1 Class A product.
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian
Standards Association.
External Protective Earth Terminal.
While this is a Class I product, provided with a protective
earthing conductor in a power cord, an external protective
earthing terminal has also been provided. This terminal is for
use where the earthing cannot be assured. At least an 18AWG
earthing conductor should be used in such an instance, to
ground the instrument to an assured earth terminal.
ISM
Group 1
Class A

Equipment Operation
Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide vii
IEC 1010-1 Compliance
This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication
1010-1 +A1:1992 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control and Laboratory Use and has been supplied ina safe condition. The instruction
documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the
user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.
Statement of Compliance
This product has been designed and tested for compliance with IEC 60529 (1989)
Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code). Level IPx4 is attained if,
and only if, the carry case (Agilent part number 34141A) is fitted.
User Environment
This product is designed for use in a sheltered environment (avoiding extreme
weather conditions) in accordance with Pollution Degree 3 defined in IEC 60664-1,
with the carry case (Agilent part number 34141A) fitted over the instrument.
The product is suitable for indoor use only, when this carry case is not fitted.
Installation Instructions
To avoid unnecessary over-temperature conditions, while this carry case is fitted do
not apply an ac mains supply voltage, only operate your power meter from the battery
pack.

List of Related Publications
viii Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide
List of Related Publications
The Agilent E4418B and Agilent E4419B User’s Guides are also available in the
following languages:
• English Language User’s Guide - Standard
• German Language User’s Guide - Option ABD
• Spanish Language User’s Guide - Option ABE
• French Language User’s Guide - Option ABF
• Italian Language User’s Guide - Option ABZ
• Japanese Language User’s Guide - Option ABJ
Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide is available by ordering Option 915.
Agilent E4418B/E4419B CLIPs (Component Location and Information Pack) is
available by ordering E4418-90031.
Agilent E4418B/E4419B User's Guide E4418-90065
Agilent E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide E4418-90066
Agilent E4418B Component Level Information Package E4418-90031
Agilent E4418B Documentation CD E4418-90063

Sales and Service Offices
Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide ix
Sales and Service Offices
For more information about Agilent Technologies test and measurement
products, applications, services, and for a current sales office listing, visit our
web site: http://www.agilent.com
You can also contact one of the following centers and ask for a test and
measurement sales representative.
Asia Pacific:
Agilent Technologies
19/F, Cityplaza One, 1111 King’s Road,
Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong, SAR
(tel) (852) 2599 7889
(fax) (852) 2506 9233
Japan:
Agilent Technologies Japan Ltd.
Measurement Assistance Center
9-1, Takakura-Cho, Hachioji-Shi
Yokyo, 192-8510
(tel) (81) 426 56 7832
(fax) (81) 426 56 7840
Australia/New Zealand:
Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd
347 Burwood Highway
Forest Hill, Victoria 3131
(tel) 1-800 629 485 (Australia)
(fax) (61 3) 9272 0749
(tel) 0 800 738 378 (New Zealand)
(fax) (64 4) 802 6881
Canada:
Agilent Technologies Canada Inc.
5150 Spectrum Way,
Mississauga, Ontario
L4W 5G1
(tel) 1 877 894 4414

Sales and Service Offices
x Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide
Europe:
Agilent Technologies
Test & Measurement
European Marketing Organization
P.O. Box 999
1180 AZ Amstelveen
The Netherlands
(tel) (31 20) 547 9999
Latin America:
Agilent Technologies
Latin American Region Headquarters
5200 Blue Lagoon Drive, Suite #950
Miami, Florida 33126
U.S.A.
(tel) [phone]
(fax) [phone]
United States:
Agilent Technologies
Test and Measurement Call Center
P.O. Box 4026
Englewood, CO 80155-4026
(tel) 1 800 829 4444
In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to the power sensor
by itsmodel number and full serial number. With this information, the Agilent
Technologies representative can quickly determine whether your unit is still
within its warranty period.

Sales and Service Offices
Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide xi
Returning Your Power Meter for Service
Use the information in this section if you need to return your power meter to Agilent
Technologies.
Package the Power Meter for Shipment
Use the following steps to package the power meter for shipment to Agilent
Technologies for service:
1. Fill in a blue service tag (available at the end of this guide) and attach it to
the power meter. Please be as specific as possible about the nature of the
problem. Send a copy of any or all of the following information:
nAny error messages that appeared on the power meter display.
nAny information on the performance of the power meter.
Caution Power meter damage can result from using packaging materials other than
those specified. Never use styrene pellets in any shape as packaging
materials. They do not adequately cushion the power meter or prevent it
from shifting in the carton. Styrene pellets cause power meter damage by
generating static electricity and by lodging in the rear panel.
2. Use the original packaging materials or a strong shipping container that is
made of double-walled, corrugated cardboard with 159 kg (350 lb) bursting
strength. The carton must be both large enough and strong enough to
accommodate the power meter and allow at least 3 to 4 inches on all sides of
the power meter for packing material.
3. Surround the power meter with at least 3 to 4 inches of packing material, or
enough to prevent the power meter from moving in the carton. If packing
foam is not available, the best alternative is SD-240 Air Cap TM from Sealed
Air Corporation (Commerce, CA 90001). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet
covered with 1-1/4 inch air filled bubbles. Use the pink Air Cap to reduce
static electricity. Wrap the power meter several times in the material to both
protect the power meter and prevent it from moving in the carton.
4. Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape.
5. Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE” to
ensure careful handling.
6. Retain copies of all shipping papers.

About this Guide
xii Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide
About this Guide
Chapter 1: Specifications
This chapter lists the power meter’s specifications and describes how to interpret
these specifications.
Chapter 2: Performance Tests
This chapter contains procedures which allow you to test the power meter’s electrical
performance to it’s specifications.
Chapter 3: Adjustments
This chapter contains checks and adjustments that ensure proper performance of the
power meter.
Chapter 4: Theory of Operation
This chapter describes how each of the power meter’s individual assemblies operate.
Chapter 5: Replaceable Parts
This chapter details the power meter’s replaceable parts. It also explains how to
assemble and disassemble the power meter.
Chapter 6: Troubleshooting
This chapter contains troubleshooting flow charts designed to isolate faults in the
Rmt I/O, GP-IB and RS232/422 interface ports.
Appendix B: “Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Test”
Appendix C: “Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Power Reference Level Test”
Appendix A: “Agilent 432A Power Meters & 478A Sensors : Additional Information”

Table of Contents
Page
Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide Contents-1
Specifications....................................................................................... 1
Introduction................................................................................... 1-2
Power Meter Specifications.......................................................... 1-3
Meter....................................................................................... 1-3
Accuracy.................................................................................. 1-4
1 mW Power Reference .......................................................... 1-5
Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics ............................... 1-6
Measurement Speed............................................................... 1-6
Zero Drift of Sensors .............................................................. 1-6
Measurement Noise................................................................ 1-7
Settling Time .......................................................................... 1-9
Power Sensor Specifications.................................................. 1-12
Battery Option 001 Operational Characteristics........................ 1-13
General Characteristics................................................................ 1-14
Rear Panel Connectors........................................................... 1-14
Environmental Characteristics.................................................... 1-15
General Conditions................................................................. 1-15
Operating Environment......................................................... 1-15
Storage Conditions ................................................................. 1-15
General.......................................................................................... 1-16
Dimensions ............................................................................. 1-16
Weight..................................................................................... 1-16
Safety ...................................................................................... 1-16
Remote Programming ............................................................ 1-17
Non-Volatile Memory............................................................. 1-17
Performance Tests.............................................................................. 1
Introduction................................................................................... 2-2
Equipment Required.............................................................. 2-3
Performance Test Record....................................................... 2-4
Performance Tests.................................................................. 2-4
Calibration Cycle.................................................................... 2-4
Test Procedures...................................................................... 2-4
Zero Test........................................................................................ 2-5
Specification........................................................................... 2-5
Description.............................................................................. 2-5

Contents-2 Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide
Equipment .............................................................................. 2-5
Test Setup............................................................................... 2-5
Procedure................................................................................ 2-6
Instrument Accuracy Test............................................................ 2-7
Specification........................................................................... 2-7
Description.............................................................................. 2-7
Test Procedure 1..................................................................... 2-7
Equipment .............................................................................. 2-7
Test Setup............................................................................... 2-8
Procedure................................................................................ 2-8
Test Procedure 2..................................................................... 2-11
Equipment .............................................................................. 2-11
Test Setup............................................................................... 2-11
Procedure................................................................................ 2-12
Power Reference Level Test ........................................................ 2-15
Description.............................................................................. 2-15
Equipment .............................................................................. 2-17
Test Setup............................................................................... 2-17
Procedure................................................................................ 2-17
Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Interface Test............................ 2-19
Procedure................................................................................ 2-19
Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Functional Test......................... 2-20
Description.............................................................................. 2-20
Equipment .............................................................................. 2-20
Procedure................................................................................ 2-20
Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test .................................. 2-23
Specification............................................................................ 2-23
Description.............................................................................. 2-23
Equipment .............................................................................. 2-25
Test Setup............................................................................... 2-25
Procedure................................................................................ 2-25
Performance Test Record.............................................................. 2-30
Adjustments.......................................................................................... 1
Introduction................................................................................... 3-2
Safety Considerations ............................................................ 3-2
Equipment Required.............................................................. 3-3
Post-Repair Adjustments....................................................... 3-3
Power Reference Oscillator Frequency Adjustment ................... 3-4
Description.............................................................................. 3-4
Equipment .............................................................................. 3-4
Procedure................................................................................ 3-4

Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide Contents-3
Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment............................ 3-6
Description.............................................................................. 3-6
Equipment .............................................................................. 3-8
Procedure................................................................................ 3-8
Measurement Uncertainty..................................................... 3-10
Display Brightness and Contrast Adjustment............................ 3-11
Introduction............................................................................ 3-11
Procedure................................................................................ 3-11
Theory of Operation........................................................................... 1
Introduction................................................................................... 4-2
A1 Power Supply/Battery Charger .............................................. 4-3
A2 Processor Assembly................................................................. 4-4
A3 Front Panel Assembly............................................................. 4-7
A4 Comms Assembly .................................................................... 4-8
A5 Daughter Assembly................................................................. 4-9
A6 Measurement Assembly.......................................................... 4-10
A8 Rechargeable Battery Assembly............................................. 4-12
Replaceable Parts ............................................................................... 1
Introduction................................................................................... 5-2
Assembly Part Numbers............................................................... 5-3
Power Supply Assembly Types.............................................. 5-5
Front Panel Connector Repair ..................................................... 5-6
Firmware Upgrades...................................................................... 5-7
Downloading Firmware.......................................................... 5-7
Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines ....................................... 5-8
Removing the Power Meter Cover......................................... 5-8
Removing the A1 Power Supply Assembly ........................... 5-9
Removing the A2 Processor Assembly................................... 5-10
Removing the A4 Comms Assembly...................................... 5-11
Removing the A5 Daughter or A6 Measurement Assemblies5-12
Removing the A7 Fan Assembly............................................ 5-13
Removing the Power Meter RAM Battery (BT1).................. 5-14
Removing the A3 Front Panel Assembly............................... 5-15
Replacing the Front Panel Power Reference Cable Assembly5-18
Replacing the Rear Panel Power Sensor Cable Assemblies
(Options 002 and 003) ............................................................ 5-19
Replacing the Rear Panel Power Reference Cable Assembly
(Option 003)............................................................................ 5-21
Replacing the Rear Panel Recorder Output Cable Assembly5-22
Replacing The Chassis Assembly.......................................... 5-23

Contents-4 Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide
Troubleshooting.................................................................................. 1
Introduction................................................................................... 6-2
Suggested Diagnostic Equipment.......................................... 6-2
Measurement Uncertainty Analysis Power Reference Level Test1
Measurement Uncertainty Analysis Instrument Accuracy Test..1
Agilent 432A Power Meters & 478A Sensors Additional
Information 1
...........................................................................................
Additional Information ................................................................A-2
Expanded Uncertainty kuc(y):...............................................B-9
Uncertainties..........................................................................B-3
Combined Standard Uncertainty uc(y):................................B-9
Sensitivity Coefficients Ci:.....................................................B-8
Define the Measurand............................................................B-3
Measurement Introduction...........................................................B-2
Define the Measurement Equation.......................................B-3
Measurement Introduction...........................................................C-2
Define the Measurement Equation.......................................C-2
Voltage Measurements Uncertainty .....................................C-4
Calibration factor ...................................................................C-7
Resistance...............................................................................C-8
Sensitivity Coefficients (Ci) ...................................................C-10
Expanded Uncertainty...........................................................C-12
Define the Measurand............................................................C-2
Uncertainty Equation ............................................................C-4
Mismatch ................................................................................C-5
Sensor Calibration Factor Drift.............................................C-7
Repeatability...........................................................................C-8
Combined Standard Uncertainty (uc(y))...............................C-12

1
Specifications

Specifications
Introduction
1-2 Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide
Introduction
This chapter details the power meter’s specifications and supplemental
characteristics.
Specifications describe the warranted performance and apply after a 30
minute warm-up. These specifications are valid over the power meter’s
operating and environmental range unless otherwise stated and after
performing a zero and calibration.
Supplemental characteristics, which are shown in italics, are intended to
provide information useful in applying the power meter by giving typical,
but non-warranted performance parameters. These characteristics are
shown in italics or denoted as “typical”, “nominal” or “approximate”.
For information on measurement uncertainty calculations, refer to Agilent
Application Note 64-1A, “Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power
Measurements”, Literature Number 5965-6630.