Agilent Technologies 34401A User manual

Agilent Technologies
Agilent 34401A
6 ½ Digit Multimeter
User’s Guide

ii 34401A User’s Guide
Notices
© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 1991 - 2007
No part of this manual may be reproduced in
any form or by any means (including elec-
tronic storage and retrieval or translation
into a foreign language) without prior agree-
ment and written consent from Agilent
Technologies, Inc. as governed by United
States and international copyright laws.
Manual Part Number
34401-90004
Edition
Seventh Edition. August 2007
Printed in Malaysia
Agilent Technologies, Inc.
3501 Stevens Creek Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA
Microsoft® and Windows® are U.S. regis-
tered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Software Revision
This guide is valid for the firmware that was
installed in the instrument at the time of
manufacture. However, upgrading the firm-
ware may add or change product features.
For the latest firmware and documentation,
go to the product page at:
www.agilent.com/find/34401A
Warranty
The material contained in this docu-
ment is provided “as is,” and is sub-
ject to being changed, without notice,
in future editions. Further, to the max-
imum extent permitted by applicable
law, Agilent disclaims all warranties,
either express or implied, with regard
to this manual and any information
contained herein, including but not
limited to the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a par-
ticular purpose. Agilent shall not be
liable for errors or for incidental or
consequential damages in connec-
tion with the furnishing, use, or per-
formance of this document or of any
information contained herein. Should
Agilent and the user have a separate
written agreement with warranty
terms covering the material in this
document that conflict with these
terms, the warranty terms in the sep-
arate agreement shall control.
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software described in
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ware and technical data rights granted to
the federal government include only those
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cal data pursuant to FAR 12.211 (Technical
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for the Department of Defense, DFARS
252.227-7015 (Technical Data - Commercial
Items) and DFARS 227.7202-3 (Rights in
Commercial Computer Software or Com-
puter Software Documentation).
Safety Notices
CAUTION
A CAUTION notice denotes a haz-
ard. It calls attention to an operat-
ing procedure, practice, or the like
that, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in damage
to the product or loss of important
data. Do not proceed beyond a
CAUTION notice until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and
met.
WARNING
A WARNING notice denotes a
hazard. It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or
the like that, if not correctly per-
formed or adhered to, could result
in personal injury or death. Do not
proceed beyond a WARNING
notice until the indicated condi-
tions are fully understood and
met.

34401A User’s Guide iii
Safety Information
General
Do not use this product in any manner not
specified by the manufacturer. The protec-
tive features of this product may be
impaired if it is used in a manner not speci-
fied in the operation instructions.
Do not install substitute parts or perform
any unauthorized modification to the prod-
uct. Return the product to an Agilent Tech-
nologies Sales and Service Office for service
and repair to ensure that safety features are
maintained.
Ground the Instrument
If your product is provided with a ground-
ing-type power plug, the instrument chassis
and cover must be connected to an electri-
cal ground to minimize shock hazard. The
ground pin must be firmly connected to an
electrical ground (safety ground) terminal at
the power outlet. Any interruption of the
protective (grounding) conductor or discon-
nection of the protective earth terminal will
cause a potential shock hazard that could
result in personal injury.
Cleaning
Clean the outside of the instrument with a
soft, lint-free, slightly dampened cloth. Do
not use detergent or chemical solvents.
Safety Symbols WARNING
Main Power and Test Input Dis-
connect: Unplug instrument from
wall outlet, remove power cord,
and remove all probes from all
terminals before servicing. Only
qualified, service-trained person-
nel should remove the cover from
the instrument.
WARNING
Line and Current Protection
Fuses: For continued protection
against fire, replace the line fuse
and the current-protection fuse
only with fuses of the specified
type and rating.
WARNING
Front/Rear Switch: Do not
change the position of the
Front/Rear switch on the front
panel while signals are present on
either the front or rear set of ter-
minals. The switch is not intended
as an active multiplexer. Switch-
ing while high voltages or cur-
rents are present may cause
instrument damage and lead to
the risk of electric shock.
Earth Ground
Chassis Ground
Risk of electric shock
Refer to manual for addi-
tional safety information
Alternating Current
On supply
Off supply
‘In’ position of bi-stable push
switch
‘Out’ position of bi-stable
push switch
CAT II (300V)
IEC Measurement Category II.
Inputs may be connected to
mains (up to 300 VAC) under
Category II overvoltage condi-
tions.

iv 34401A User’s Guide
WARNING
IEC Measurement Category II. The
HI and LO input terminals may be
connected to mains in IEC Cate-
gory II installations for line volt-
ages up to 300 VAC. To avoid the
danger of electric shock, do not
connect the inputs to mains for
line voltages above 300 VAC. See
"IEC Measurement Category II
Overvoltage Protection" on the
following page for further infor-
mation.
WARNING
Protection Limits: To avoid instru-
ment damage and the risk of elec-
tric shock, do not exceed any of
the Protection Limits defined in
the following section.
Protection Limits
The Agilent 34401A Digital Multimeter pro-
vides protection circuitry to prevent damage
to the instrument and to protect against the
danger of electric shock, provided the Pro-
tection Limits are not exceeded. To ensure
safe operation of the instrument, do not
exceed the Protection Limits shown on the
front and rear panel, and defined as follows:
Note: The front-panel terminals are shown
above. The rear-panel terminals are identi-
cal. The Front/Rear switch selects the ter-
minal set to be used. Do not operate this
switch while signals are present on the
front or rear terminals. The current-protec-
tion fuse is on the rear panel.
Input Terminal Protection
Limits
Protection Limits are defined for the input
terminals:
Main Input (HI and LO) Terminals. The HI
and LO input terminals are used for voltage,
resistance, frequency (period), and diode
test measurements. Two Protection Limits
are defined for these terminals:
HI to LO Protection Limit. The Protection
Limit from HI to LO (Input terminals) is
1000 VDC or 750 VAC, which is also the
maximum voltage measurement. This
limit can also be expressed as 1000 Vpk
maximum.
LO to Ground Protection Limit. The LO
input terminal can safely "float" a maxi-
mum of 500 Vpk relative to ground.
As is implied by the above limits, the Protec-
tion Limit for the HI input terminal is a maxi-
mum of 1500 Vpk relative to ground.
Current Input Terminal. The current input
("I") terminal has a Protection Limit of 3A
(rms) maximum current flowing from the LO
input terminal. Note that the current input
terminal will be at approximately the same
voltage as the LO terminal.
Note: The current-protection circuitry
includes a fuse on the rear panel. To main-
tain protection, replace this fuse only with a
fuse of the specified type and rating.
Sense Terminal Protection
Limits
The HI and LO sense terminals are used
only for four-wire resistance and tempera-
ture measurements ("Ω 4W"). The Protec-
tion Limit is 200 Vpk for all of the terminal
pairings:
LO sense to LO input
HI sense to LO input
HI sense to LO sense
Note: The 200 Vpk limit on the sense termi-
nals is the Protection Limit. Operational
voltages in resistance measurements are
much lower — less than 10 V in normal
operation.
IEC Measurement Category II
Overvoltage Protection
To protect against the danger of electric
shock, the Agilent 34401A Digital Multime-
ter provides overvoltage protection for
line-voltage mains connections meeting
both of the following conditions:
The HI and LO input terminals are con-
nected to the mains under Measurement
Category II conditions, defined below,
and
The mains are limited to a maximum line
voltage of 300 VAC.

34401A User’s Guide v
IEC Measurement Category II includes elec-
trical devices connected to mains at an out-
let on a branch circuit. Such devices include
most small appliances, test equipment, and
other devices that plug into a branch outlet
or socket. The 34401A may be used to make
measurements with the HI and LO inputs
connected to mains in such devices, or to
the branch outlet itself (up to 300 VAC).
However, the 34401A may not be used with
its HI and LO inputs connected to mains in
permanently installed electrical devices
such as the main circuit-breaker panel,
sub-panel disconnect boxes, or permanently
wired motors. Such devices and circuits are
subject to overvoltages that may exceed the
protection limits of the 34401A.
Note: Voltages above 300 VAC may be mea-
sured only in circuits that are isolated from
mains. However, transient overvoltages are
also present on circuits that are isolated
from mains. The Agilent 34401A are
designed to safely withstand occasional
transient overvoltages up to 2500 Vpk. Do
not use this equipment to measure circuits
where transient overvoltages could exceed
this level.
Additional Notices
Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
Directive 2002/96/EC
This product complies with the WEEE Direc-
tive (2002/96/EC) marking requirement.
The affixed product label (see below) indi-
cates that you must not discard this electri-
cal/electronic product in domestic
household waste.
Product Category: With reference to the
equipment types in the WEEE directive
Annex 1, this product is classified as a
"Monitoring and Control instrumentation"
product.
Do not dispose in domestic household
waste.
To return unwanted products, contact your
local Agilent office, or see
www.agilent.com/environment/product
for more information.
Agilent 34138A Test Lead Set
The Agilent 34401A is compatible with the
Agilent 34138A Test Lead Set described
below.
Tes t Le ad R a tin g s
Test Leads - 1000V, 15A
Fine Tip Probe Attachments - 300V, 3A
Mini Grabber Attachment - 300V, 3A
SMT Grabber Attachments - 300V, 3A
Operation
The Fine Tip, Mini Grabber, and SMT Grab-
ber attachments plug onto the probe end of
the Test Leads.
Maintenance
If any portion of the Test Lead Set is worn or
damaged, do not use. Replace with a new
Agilent 34138A Test Lead Set.
WARNING
If the Test Lead Set is used in a
manner not specified by Agilent
Technologies, the protection pro-
vided by the Test Lead Set may be
impaired. Also, do not use a dam-
aged or worn Test Lead Set.
Instrument damage or personal
injury may result.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014
Revision: B.01 Issue Date: 18 July 2001 Document 34401A.DOC
Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Technologies, Incorporated
Manufacturer’s Address: 815 – 14th St. SW
Loveland, Colorado 80537
USA
Declares, that the product
Product Name: Multimeter
Model Number: 34401A
Product Options: This declaration covers all options of the above product(s).
Conforms with the following European Directives:
The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC
(including 93/68/EEC) and carries the CE Marking accordingly.
Conforms with the following product standards:
EMC Standard
IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998
CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991
IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998 / EN 61000-4-2:1995
IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995
IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995
IEC 61000-4-5:1995 / EN 61000-4-5:1995
IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996
IEC 61000-4-11:1994 / EN 61000-4-11:1994
Canada: ICES-001:1998
Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS 2064.1
Limit
Group 1 Class A
4kV CD, 8kV AD
3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz
0.5kV signal lines, 1kV power lines
0.5 kV line-line, 1 kV line-ground
3V, 0.15-80 MHz
Dips: 30% 10ms; 60% 100ms
Interrupt > 95%@5000ms
The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems.
Safety IEC 61010-1:1990+A1:1992+A2:1995 / EN 61010-1:1993+A2:1995
Canada: CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1:1992
UL 3111-1: 1994
18 July 2001
Date Ray Corson
Product Regulations Program Manager
For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor.
Authorized EU-representative: Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH, Herrenberger Straβe 130, D 71034 Böblingen, Germany

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, this manual applies to all Serial Numbers.
The Agilent Technologies 34401A is a 61⁄2-digit, high-performance
digital multimeter. Its combination of bench-top and system features
makes this multimeter a versatile solution for your measurement needs
now and in the future.
Convenient Bench-Top Features
•Highly visible vacuum-fluorescent display
•Built-in math operations
•Continuity and diode test functions
•Hands-free, Reading Hold feature
•Portable, ruggedized case with non-skid feet
Flexible System Features
•GPIB (IEEE-488) interface and RS-232 interface
•Standard programming languages: SCPI, Agilent 3478A, and
Fluke 8840
•Reading rates up to 1000 readings per second
•Storage for up to 512 readings
•Limit testing with pass/fail signals
•Optional 34812A BenchLink/Meter Software for Microsoft®
WindowsTM
Agilent 34401A
Multimeter
Page 1 (User’s Guide)

The Front Panel at a Glance
1Measurement Function keys
2Math Operation keys
3Single Trigger / Autotrigger / Reading Hold key
4Shift / Local key
5Front / Rear Input Terminal Switch
6Range / Number of Digits Displayed keys
7Menu Operation keys
2

The Front-Panel Menu at a Glance
A: MEASurement MENU
1: AC FILTER > 2: CONTINUITY > 3: INPUT R > 4: RATIO FUNC > 5: RESOLUTION
F: CALibration MENU*
1: SECURED > [ 1: UNSECURED ] > [ 2: CALIBRATE ] > 3: CAL COUNT > 4: MESSAGE
*The commands enclosed in square brackets ( [ ] ) are “hidden” unless the multimeter
is UNSECURED for calibration.
B: MATH MENU
1: MIN-MAX > 2: NULL VALUE > 3: dB REL > 4: dBm REF R > 5: LIMIT TEST > 6: HIGH LIMIT > 7: LOW LIMIT
C: TRIGger MENU
1: READ HOLD > 2: TRIG DELAY > 3: N SAMPLES
D: SYStem MENU
1: RDGS STORE > 2: SAVED RDGS > 3: ERROR > 4: TEST > 5: DISPLAY > 6: BEEP > 7: COMMA > 8: REVISION
E: Input / Output MENU
1: GPIB ADDR > 2: INTERFACE > 3: BAUD RATE > 4: PARITY > 5: LANGUAGE
The menu is organized in a top-down tree structure with three levels.
3

Display Annunciators
Adrs
Rmt
Man
Trig
Hold
Mem
Ratio
Math
ERROR
Rear
Shift
4W
Turns on during a measurement.
Multimeter is addressed to listen or talk over the GPIB interface.
Multimeter is in remote mode (remote interface).
Multimeter is using manual ranging (autorange is disabled).
Multimeter is waiting for a single trigger or external trigger.
Reading Hold is enabled.
Turns on when reading memory is enabled.
Multimeter is in dcv:dcv ratio function.
A math operation is enabled (null, min-max, dB, dBm, or limit test).
Hardware or remote interface command errors are detected.
Rear input terminals are selected.
“Shift” key has been pressed. Press “Shift” again to turn off.
Multimeter is in 4-wire ohms function.
Multimeter is in continuity test function.
Multimeter is in diode test function.
To review the display annunciators, hold down the Shift key as you
turn on the multimeter.
∗
4

The Rear Panel at a Glance
1Chassis Ground
2Power-Line Fuse-Holder Assembly
3Power-Line Voltage Setting
4Front and Rear Current Input Fuse
5Voltmeter Complete Output Terminal
6External Trigger Input Terminal
7GPIB (IEEE-488) Interface connector
8RS-232 interface connector
Use the front-panel Input / Output Menu to:
•Select the GPIB or RS-232 interface (see chapter 4).
•Set the GPIB bus address (see chapter 4).
• Set the RS-232 baud rate and parity (see chapter 4).
5

In This Book
Quick Start Chapter 1 prepares the multimeter for use and helps you
get familiar with a few of its front-panel features.
Front-Panel Menu Operation Chapter 2 introduces you to the
front-panel menu and describes some of the multimeter’s menu features.
Features and Functions Chapter 3 gives a detailed description of the
multimeter’s capabilities and operation. You will find this chapter
useful whether you are operating the multimeter from the front panel or
over the remote interface.
Remote Interface Reference Chapter 4 contains reference
information to help you program the multimeter over the remote interface.
Error Messages Chapter 5 lists the error messages that may appear
as you are working with the multimeter. Each listing contains enough
information to help you diagnose and solve the problem.
Application Programs Chapter 6 contains several remote interface
application programs to help you develop programs for your
measurement application.
Measurement Tutorial Chapter 7 discusses measurement
considerations and techniques to help you obtain the best accuracies
and reduce sources of measurement error.
Specifications Chapter 8 lists the multimeter’s specifications and
describes how to interpret these specifications.
If you have questions relating to the operation of the Agilent 34401A,
call 1-800-452-4844 in the United States, or contact your nearest
Agilent Sales Office.
If your 34401A fails within one year of purchase, Agilent will repair or
replace it free of charge. Call 1-877-444-7278 (“Agilent Express”) in the
United States, or contact your nearest Agilent Sales Office.
6

Contents
Chapter 1 Quick Start
To Prepare the Multimeter for Use 13
If the Multimeter Does Not Turn On 14
To Adjust the Carrying Handle 16
To Measure Voltage 17
To Measure Resistance 17
To Measure Current 18
To Measure Frequency (or Period) 18
To Test Continuity 19
To Check Diodes 19
To Select a Range 20
To Set the Resolution 21
Front-Panel Display Formats 22
To Rack Mount the Multimeter 23
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Menu Operation
Front-Panel Menu Reference 27
A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial 29
To Turn Off the Comma Separator 37
To Make Null (Relative) Measurements 38
To Store Minimum and Maximum Readings 39
To Make dB Measurements 40
To Make dBm Measurements 41
To Trigger the Multimeter 42
To Use Reading Hold 43
To Make dcv:dcv Ratio Measurements 44
To Use Reading Memory 46
Chapter 3 Features and Functions
Measurement Configuration
AC Signal Filter 51
Continuity Threshold Resistance 52
DC Input Resistance 53
Resolution 54
Integration Time 57
Front / Rear Input Terminal Switching 58
Autozero 59
Ranging 60
Contents
7

Chapter 3 Features and Functions (continued)
Math Operations
Min-Max Operation 64
Null (Relative) Operation 65
dB Measurements 67
dBm Measurements 68
Limit Testing 69
Triggering
Trigger Source Choices 73
The Wait-for-Trigger State 76
Halting a Measurement in Progress 76
Number of Samples 77
Number of Triggers 78
Trigger Delay 79
Automatic Trigger Delays 81
Reading Hold 82
Voltmeter Complete Terminal 83
External Trigger Terminal 83
System-Related Operations
Reading Memory 84
Error Conditions 85
Self-Test 86
Display Control 87
Beeper Control 88
Comma Separators 89
Firmware Revision Query 89
SCPI Language Version Query 90
Remote Interface Configuration
GPIB Address 91
Remote Interface Selection 92
Baud Rate Selection (RS-232) 93
Parity Selection (RS-232) 93
Programming Language Selection 94
Calibration
Calibration Security 95
Calibration Count 98
Calibration Message 99
Operator Maintenance
To Replace the Power-Line Fuse 100
To Replace the Current Input Fuses 100
Power-On and Reset State 101
Contents
Contents
8

Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference
Command Summary 105
Simplified Programming Overview 112
The MEASure? and CONFigure Commands 117
Measurement Configuration Commands 121
Math Operation Commands 124
Triggering 127
Triggering Commands 130
System-Related Commands 132
The SCPI Status Model 134
Status Reporting Commands 144
Calibration Commands 146
RS-232 Interface Configuration 148
RS-232 Interface Commands 153
An Introduction to the SCPI Language 154
Output Data Formats 159
Using Device Clear to Halt Measurements 160
TALK ONLY for Printers 160
To Set the GPIB Address 161
To Select the Remote Interface 162
To Set the Baud Rate 163
To Set the Parity 164
To Select the Programming Language 165
Alternate Programming Language Compatibility 166
SCPI Compliance Information 168
IEEE-488 Compliance Information 169
Chapter 5 Error Messages
Execution Errors 173
Self-Test Errors 179
Calibration Errors 180
Chapter 6 Application Programs
Using MEASure? for a Single Measurement 185
Using CONFigure with a Math Operation 186
Using the Status Registers 188
RS-232 Operation Using QuickBASIC 192
RS-232 Operation Using Turbo C 193
Contents
Contents
9

Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial
Thermal EMF Errors 199
Loading Errors (dc volts) 199
Leakage Current Errors 199
Rejecting Power-Line Noise Voltages 200
Common Mode Rejection (CMR) 201
Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops 201
Noise Caused by Ground Loops 202
Resistance Measurements 203
4-Wire Ohms Measurements 203
Removing Test Lead Resistance Errors 204
Power Dissipation Effects 204
Settling Time Effects 204
Errors in High Resistance Measurements 205
DC Current Measurement Errors 205
True RMS AC Measurements 206
Crest Factor Errors 207
Loading Errors (ac volts) 209
Measurements Below Full Scale 210
High-Voltage Self-Heating Errors 210
Temperature Coefficient and Overload Errors 210
Low-Level Measurement Errors 211
Common Mode Errors 212
AC Current Measurement Errors 212
Frequency and Period Measurement Errors 213
Making High-Speed DC and Resistance Measurements 213
Making High-Speed AC Measurements 214
Chapter 8 Specifications
DC Characteristics 216
AC Characteristics 218
Frequency and Period Characteristics 220
General Information 222
Product Dimensions 223
To Calculate Total Measurement Error 224
Interpreting Multimeter Specifications 226
Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements 229
Index 231
Declaration of Conformity 237
Contents
Contents
10

1
Quick Start
1

Quick Start
One of the first things you will want to do with your multimeter is to
become acquainted with its front panel. We have written the exercises
in this chapter to prepare the multimeter for use and help you get
familiar with some of its front-panel operations.
The front panel has two rows of keys to select various functions and
operations. Most keys have a shifted function printed in blue above
the key. To perform a shifted function, press Shift (the Shift
annunciator will turn on). Then, press the key that has the desired
label above it. For example, to select the dc current function,
press Shift DC V .
If you accidentally press Shift , just press it again to turn off the
Shift annunciator.
The rear cover of this book is a fold-out Quick Reference Guide. On this
cover you will find a quick summary of various multimeter features.
12

To Prepare the Multimeter for Use
The following steps help you verify that the multimeter is ready for use.
1 Check the list of supplied items.
Verify that you have received the following items with your multimeter.
If anything is missing, contact your nearest Agilent Sales Office.
One test lead kit.
One power cord.
This User’s Guide.
One Service Guide.
One folded Quick Reference card.
Certificate of Calibration.
2 Connect the power cord and turn on the multimeter.
The front-panel display will light up while the multimeter performs its
power-on self-test. The GPIB bus address is displayed. Notice that the
multimeter powers up in the dc voltage function with autoranging enabled.
To review the power-on display with all annunciators turned on,
hold down Shift as you turn on the multimeter.
3Performacomplete self-test.
The complete self-test performs a more extensive series of tests than
those performed at power-on. Hold down Shift as you press the
Power switch to turn on the multimeter; hold down the key for more
than 5 seconds. The self-test will begin when you release the key.
If the self-test is successful, “PASS” is displayed. If the self-test is
not successful, “FAIL” is displayed and the ERROR annunciator turns on.
See the Service Guide for instructions on returning the multimeter to
Agilent for service.
1
Chapter 1 Quick Start
To Prepare the Multimeter for Use
13

If the Multimeter Does Not Turn On
Use the following steps to help solve problems you might encounter
when turning on the multimeter. If you need more help, see the
Service Guide for instructions on returning the multimeter to Agilent for
service.
1 Verify that there is ac power to the multimeter.
First, verify that the multimeter’s Power switch is in the “On” position.
Also, make sure that the power cord is firmly plugged into the power
module on the rear panel. You should also make sure that the power
source you plugged the multimeter into is energized.
2 Verify the power-line voltage setting.
The line voltage is set to the proper value for your country when the
multimeter is shipped from the factory. Change the voltage setting if
it is not correct. The settings are: 100, 120, 220, or 240 Vac (for 230 Vac
operation, use the 220 Vac setting).
See the next page if you need to change the line-voltage setting.
3 Verify that the power-line fuse is good.
The multimeter is shipped from the factory with a 250 mA fuse
installed. This is the correct fuse for all line voltages.
See the next page if you need to replace the power-line fuse.
To replace the 250 mAT fuse, order Agilent part number 2110-0817.
1
Chapter 1 Quick Start
If the Multimeter Does Not Turn On
14