Black Box LB9030A-R2 User manual

October, 2006
Express Ethernet Switch:
LB9030A-R2
LB9031A-R2
LB9032A-R2
CUSTOMER
SUPPORT
INFORMATION
Order toll-free in the U.S. Call : 877-877-BBOX ( Outside U. S. call 724-746-5500 )
FREE technical support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: Call 724-746-5500 orfax
724-746-0746
Mailing address: Black Box Corporation, 1000 Park Drive, Lawrence, PA 15055-1018
Web site: www.blackbox.com • E-mail:[email protected]

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Preface
This manual describes how to install and use the Manageable
8-Port 10/100BaseTX, 7-Port 10/100BaseTX plus 1-Port
100BaseFX, and 6-Port 10/100BaseTX plus 2-Port
100BaseFX Compact Switch. This switch integrates full wire
speed switching technology with SNMP/RMON web-based
management functions. This switch brings a simple answer to
today’s complicated networking environments.
To get the most out of this manual, you should have an
understanding of Ethernet networking concepts.
In this manual, you will find:
•Features on the switch
•Illustrative LED functions
•Installation instructions
•Management Configuration
•SNMP…
•Specifications

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Table of Contents
October, 2006 1
PREFACE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3
PRODUCT OVERVIEW 5
COMPACT MANAGED SWITCH .................................................................. 5
PACKAGE CONTENTS .............................................................................. 5
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS ............................................................................ 6
Basic Features 6
Management Support 6
FRONT PANEL DISPLAY ........................................................................... 8
PHYSICAL PORTS.................................................................................... 9
BASIC FUNCTIONS ................................................................................ 10
UNICAST SWITCHING 11
MULTICAST SWITCHING 12
VLAN ................................................................................................. 13
Broadcast Containment 14
Multicast-Based Multimedia Applications 14
Enhanced Security 14
VLAN Membership 15
VLAN CONFIGURATION 16
Intra-VLAN Communication 16
Inter-VLAN Communication 16
GVRP................................................................................................. 17
IGMP SNOOPING AND IP MULTICAST FILTERING...................................... 18
SWITCH MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 20
INSTALLATION 21
SELECTING A SITE FOR THE SWITCH ....................................................... 21
CONNECTING TO POWER ....................................................................... 22
Power-on Self test (POST) 23
CONNECTING TO YOUR NETWORK .......................................................... 24
Cable Type & Length 24
SWITCH MANAGEMENT 25
MANAGEMENT ACCESS OVERVIEW ......................................................... 26
ADMINISTRATION CONSOLE ................................................................... 27
Direct Access 27
Modem Access 28
WEB MANAGEMENT .............................................................................. 29
Netscape Navigator 29
Internet Explorer 29
SNMP-BASED NETWORK MANAGEMENT ................................................ 30

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PROTOCOLS......................................................................................... 31
MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE ............................................................... 31
MENU-DRIVEN CONSOLE MANAGEMENT 32
LOGGING ON TO THE SWITCH.................................................................. 32
At the screen prompt 32
SWITCH MANAGEMENT SCREEN ............................................................. 33
Navigating Through the Console Interface 34
PERFORMING BASIC MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ........................................ 35
To Perform Basic Management Activities: 35
PERFORMING ADVANCED MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES................................. 43
To Perform Advanced Management Activities: 43
LOGOUT .............................................................................................. 90
SAVE SETTINGS.................................................................................... 90
RESTORE DEFAULT SETTINGS ............................................................... 90
REBOOT .............................................................................................. 90
WEB-BASED BROWSER MANAGEMENT 91
LOGGING ON TO THE SWITCH.................................................................. 91
UNDERSTANDING THE BROWSER INTERFACE ........................................... 92
PERFORMING FILE ACTIVITIES................................................................ 94
To perform File Activities: 94
PERFORMING BASIC SETUP ACTIVITIES................................................... 97
To perform Basic Setup Activities: 97
PERFORMING ADVANCED SETUP ACTIVITIES.......................................... 104
To perform Advanced Setup Activities: 104
SNMP &RMON MANAGEMENT 143
OVERVIEW ......................................................................................... 143
SNMP AGENT AND MIB-2 (RFC 1213) ............................................... 144
RMON MIB (RFC 1757) AND BRIDGE MIB (RFC 1493)....................... 145
RMON Groups Supported 145
Bridge Groups Supported 146
SPECIFICATIONS 147
APPENDIX A–CONNECTOR PINOUTS 148

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Product Overview
Compact Managed Switch
Front View
Package Contents
When you unpack the product package, you shall find the
items listed below. Please inspect the contents, and report
any apparent damage or missing items immediately to your
authorized reseller.
3This Management Switch
3User’s Manual
3AC power cord (or external power adapter)

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Product Highlights
Basic Features
♦Provide:
Eight 10/100BaseTX ports
Eight 10/100BaseTX ports + one 100BaseFX port
Six 10/100BaseTX ports + two 100BaseFX ports
♦100BaseFX Multi-mode fiber using SC or ST connector
up to 2km; single-mode fiber using SC or ST
connector up to 120km; WDM single-mode fiber
using SC connector up to 40km
♦Auto-negotiation for speed and duplexity on all RJ-45
ports
♦Auto MDI/MDIX on all RJ-45 ports
♦Full wire-speed forwarding rate
♦Store-and-forward mechanism
♦Back-pressure and IEEE 802.3x compliant flow control
♦Support 4K MAC addresses
♦Provide 256K bytes memory buffer
♦Front panel port status LEDs
♦Wall-mountable compact size
Management Support
VLAN
♦Port-based VLAN
♦802.1Q tagged VLAN
TRUNKING
♦Port-based Trunking
PORT-SECURITY
♦Limit number of MAC addresses learned per port Load
♦Static MAC addresses stay in the filtering table

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PORT-MIRRORING
♦Port-mirroring provided through dedicated port, Port 1
QOS (Quality of Service)
♦Support IEEE802.1p Quality of Service
COS (IEEE802.1P CLASSIFICATION OF SERVICE)
♦Packet transmission scheduled using Weighted Round
Robin (WRR)
♦Classification of packet priority can be based on either
a VLAN tag on packet or a user-definable port
priority
INTERNETWORKING PROTOCOLS
♦Bridging: 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree
802.1p/Q – GARP/GVRP
♦IP Multicast:IGMP Snooping
VLANs & IP Multicast sessions
♦Bandwidth Control
♦Rate Control
NETWORK MANAGEMENT METHODS
♦Console port access via RS-232 cable
♦Telnet remote access
♦SNMP agent:
MIB-2 (RFC1213)
Bridge MIB (RFC1493)
RMON MIB (RFC1757) – statistics, history, alarm
and events
VLAN MIB (802.1Q/RFC2674)
Private MIB
♦Java applet-based MIB browser
♦Web browser support based on HTTP server and CGI
parser
♦TFTP software-upgrade capability

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Front Panel Display
cPower Status (PWR)
These LEDs come on when the switch is properly connected to power and
turned on.
dPort Status LEDs
The LEDs display status for each respective port.
LED State Indication
Steady A valid network connection established.
LNK stands for LINK.
LNK/ACT
Flashing Transmitting or receiving data.
ACT stands for ACTIVITY.
Steady
A valid 100Mbps network connection
established.
100 stands for 100Mbps.
100
Off
A valid 10Mbps network connection
established.
10 stands for 10Mbps.
Steady Connection in full duplex mode.
FDX stands for FULL-DUPLEX.
Flashing Collision occurred.
COL stands for COLLISION.
FDX/COL
Off Connection in half-duplex mode.

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Physical Ports
This switch provides:
•Eight 10/100BaseTX ports
•Seven 10/100BaseTX ports + one 100BaseFX port
•Six 10/100BaseTX ports + two 100BaseFX ports
CONNECTIVITY
•RJ-45 connectors
•ST or SC connector on 100BaseFX fiber port.
MODE SELECTION
•10BaseT full-duplex mode
•10BaseT half-duplex mode
•100BaseTX full-duplex mode
•100BaseTX half-duplex mode
•100BaseFX full-duplex mode
•Auto-sensing mode (Copper Ports)
<Note>
i. Half-duplex mode uses back pressure flow control to prevent the receiving
buffer from being overrun by data from a source node.
ii. Full-duplex mode uses 802.3x flow control standard to prevent fast data
traffic from overrunning slow data traffic.
iii. Auto-sensing mode is in use after auto-negotiating with the other end of the
link.

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Basic Functions
In general, the switch is responsible for switching both VLAN
tagged and untagged frames from a receiving port to one or
more transmitting ports. The switch performs multiple steps
during the switching process:
VLAN CLASSIFICATION
LEARNING
FILTERING
FORWARDING
AGING
Below is additional information about tasks that the switch
performs during unicast and multicast switching.

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UNICAST SWITCHING
VLAN CLASSIFICATION
When the switch receives a frame, it classifies the frame in one of two ways:
- If the frame is untagged, the switch classifies the frame to an associated
VLAN.
- If the frame is tagged, the switch uses the tagged VLAN ID to identify the
broadcasting domain of the frame.
LEARNING
After VLAN classification, the switch checks the <source MAC address,
VLAN> pair in the switching database (SDB) to see whether the <source
MAC address, VLAN> pair is known.
- If it is unknown, the switch inserts the <source MAC address, VLAN> into
the SDB and learns the <source MAC address, VLAN>.
- If it is known, the switch checks the <source MAC address, VLAN> for a
mismatched port ID. If the port ID associated with the <source MAC
address, VLAN> pair in the SDB is different than the receiving port, the
switch modifies the port ID in the SDB and modifies its management
database (MDB) accordingly.
FILTERING
After learning the address, the switch checks:
- Whether the source port or destination port is in the forwarding state.
- Whether the source MAC address or destination MAC address is to be
filtered.
- Whether the source port ID is the same as destination port ID.
If any of these conditions are met, the switch drops the receiving packet.
Otherwise, it continues with the forwarding process described below.
FORWARDING
During the forwarding process, the switch checks whether the <destination
MAC address, VLAN> pair is unknown.
- If it is unknown, the switch floods the receiving frame to all ports in the
VLAN, excluding the source port.
- If it is known, the switch forwards the receiving frame to the port associated
with the <destination MAC address, VLAN> pair. At the same time, the
switch ascertains the individual’s port’s VLAN tagging/untagging
configuration and corresponding VLAN ID to render the appropriate frame
tagging when the frame is ready to be transmitted.

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MULTICAST SWITCHING
For multicast switching, the switch checks whether the received frame is a
BPDU. If a BPDU is received, the switch forwards the frame to the CPU for
processing by the spanning tree protocol. Otherwise, the switch performs the
following processes:
VLAN CLASSIFICATION
Same as for unicast switching.
LEARNING
Same as for unicast switching.
FILTERING
After learning the address, the switch checks:
- Whether the source port or destination port is not in the forwarding state.
- Whether the source MAC address or destination MAC address is to be
filtered.
If any of these conditions are met, the switch drops the receiving packet.
Otherwise, it continues with the forwarding process described below.
FORWARDING
The switch floods the received multicast frame to all ports that are in
forwarding state within the VLAN, excluding the source port. At the same time,
the switch ascertains the individual port’s VLAN tagging/untagging
configuration and corresponding VLAN ID to render the appropriate frame
tagging when the frame is ready to be transmitted.
AGING
The switch performs the aging process for the <MAC addresses, VLAN> pair
in the switching database. Once a <MAC address, VLAN> pair is aged out,
the SDB is modified.
SPANNING TREE
The switch supports one Spanning Tree per bridged network.

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VLAN
A virtual LAN (VLAN) is a network of computers that behave
as if they are connected to the same wire, even though they
may actually be physically located on different segments of a
LAN. VLANs are analogous to a group of end stations,
perhaps on multiple physical LAN segments that are not
constrained by their physical location and can communicate
as if they were on a common LAN.
VLANs are configured through software rather than hardware,
which makes them extremely flexible. One of the biggest
advantages of VLANs is that when a computer is physically
moved to another location, it can stay on the same VLAN
without any hardware reconfiguration.
Because VLANs are not limited by the hardware constraints
that physically connect traditional LAN segments to a network,
they can define a network into various logical configurations.
For example, VLANs can define a network by application. In
this scenario, a company might create one VLAN for
multimedia users and another for email users. VLANs can
also define a network by department. For example, a
company might have one VLAN for its Engineering
Department, another for its Marketing Department, and
another for its Account Payable Department.
VLANs can also be set up according to the organization
structure within a company. For example, the company
president might have his/her own VLAN, the executive staff
might have a different VLAN, and the remaining employees
might have yet a different VLAN.
As these examples show, VLANs offer unparalleled flexibility.
The following sections describe how deploying VLANs can
benefit organizations and reduce administration costs.

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Broadcast Containment
In traditional networks, traffic broadcasts to all network
devices, whether they are the intended recipients or not.
However, VLANs can be set up to contain only those devices
that need to communicate with each other. As a result,
VLANs significantly reduce network congestion. In addition,
VLANs prevent broadcast storms from causing network
meltdown due to volumes of traffic.
Multicast-Based Multimedia Applications
Multimedia applications, such as interactive training, video
conferencing, and news-video transmissions, require large
amounts of bandwidth. These applications are also extremely
sensitive to variable delays, which are unavoidable on a
shared Ethernet network. By defining a VLAN based on the IP
multicast address for all subscribing members on the VLAN,
sufficient bandwidth will be available for these application,
providing true multimedia on Ethernet.
Enhanced Security
Because VLANs are self-contained, only the devices within
the same VLAN can communicate with each other. If a device
in one VLAN wants to communicate with a device in another
VLAN, the traffic must go through a router.

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VLAN Membership
VLAN IMPLEMENTATION ALLOWS:
VLANs across multiple switches by using explicit or implicit tagging and the
GARP/GVRP protocol defined in IEEE802.1p and 802.1Q.
An end station’s network interface card may belong to multiple VLANs.
A switch port may be associated with multiple VLANs.
DEFINITIONS OF VLAN MEMBERSHIP
VLAN implementation allows VLAN membership to be defined based on
ports. Port-based VLANs are organized by physical port number. For
example, switch ports 1, 2, 4 and 6 can be grouped on VLAN, while server
ports 3, 5, 7 and 8 can be on another VLAN. Broadcasts from servers within
each group would only go to the members of its own VLAN. This ensures that
broadcast storms cannot cause a network meltdown due to traffic volume.
VLAN MEMBERSHIP LEARNING
Port-based VLAN is defined using a static binding between a VLAN and its
associated ports. The switch’s forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port ID. Therefore, to make valid
forwarding and flooding decisions, the switch learns the relationship of the
MAC address to its related port – and thus to the VLAN – at runtime.
REMOTE VLAN LEARNING
In addition to providing network management tools that allow network
administrators to statically add and delete VLAN member ports, the switch
also supports GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol). GVRP allows for
dynamic registration of VLAN port members within switch and across multiple
switches.
Other than supporting dynamic updating of registration entries in a switch,
GVRP is used to communicate VLAN registration information to other
VLAN-aware switches, so that a VLAN member can cover a wide span of
switches on a network.
GVRP allows both VLAN-aware workstations and switches to issue and
revoke VLAN memberships. VLAN-aware switches register and propagate
VLAN membership to all ports that belong to the active topology of the VLAN.

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VLAN CONFIGURATION
The switch provides a Local/Remote Management Console
Interface for VLAN configuration and management An
SNMP-based VLAN MIB is also provided.
Intra-VLAN Communication
The switch supports intra-VLAN communication through
hardware, as described in “Basic Functions” section.
Inter-VLAN Communication
The switch supports inter-VLAN communication using
CPU-based routing software.

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GVRP
In addition to network management tools that allow network
administrators to statically add and delete VLAN member
ports, the routing switch supports GARP VLAN Registration
Protocol (GVRP). GVRP supports dynamic registration of
VLAN port members within a switch and across multiple
switches.
In addition to dynamically updating registration entries within
a switch, GVRP is used to communicate VLAN registration
information to other VLAN-aware switches, so that members
of a VLAN can cover a wide span of switches on a network.
GVRP allows both VLAN-aware workstations and switches to
issue and revoke VLAN memberships. VLAN-aware switches
register and propagate VLAN membership to all ports that are
part of the active topology of the VLAN.

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IGMP Snooping and IP Multicast Filtering
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) runs
between hosts and their immediately neighboring multicast
routers. The protocol’s mechanisms allow a host to inform its
local router that it wants to receive transmissions addressed
to a specific multicast group.
Routers periodically query the LAN to determine if known
group members are still active. If there is more than one
router on the LAN performing IP multicasting, one of the
routers is elected “querier” and assumes the responsibility of
querying the LAN for group members.
Based on the group membership information learned from the
IGMP, a router can determine which (if any) multicast traffic
needs to be forwarded to each of its “leaf” sub-networks.
Multicast routers use this information, along with a multicast
routing protocol, to support IP multicasting across the
Internet.
IGMP provides the final step in an IP multicast packet delivery
service since it is only concerned with the forwarding of
multicast traffic from the local route to group members on
directly attached sub-networks.
Routing switches support IP Multicast Filtering by:
• Passively snooping on the IGMP Query and IGMP Report
packets transferred between IP Multicast Routers and IP
Multicast host groups to learn IP Multicast group members,
and
• Actively sending IGMP Query messages to solicit IP
Multicast group members.
The purpose of IP multicast filtering is to optimize a switched
network’s performance, so multicast packets will only be
forwarded to those ports containing multicast group hosts

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members and routers instead of flooding to all ports in the
subnet (VLAN).
Routing switches with IP multicast filtering/switching
capability not only passively monitor IGMP Query and Report
messages, DVMRP Probe messages, PIM, and MOSPF
Hello messages; they also actively send IGMP Query
messages to learn locations of multicast routers and member
hosts in multicast groups within each VLAN.
Note, however, IGMP neither alters nor routes any IP
multicast packets. Since IGMP is not concerned with the
delivery of IP multicast packets across sub-networks, an
external IP multicast router is needed if IP multicast packets
have to be routed across different sub-networks.

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Switch Management
ADMINISTRATION CONSOLE VIA RS-232 SERIAL PORT
The switch provides an onboard serial port, which allows the switch to be
configured via a directly connected terminal or a Telnet session.
WEB-BASED BROWSER INTERFACE
The switch also hosts a point-and-click browser-based interface that lets
users access full switch configuration and functionality from a Netscape or
Internet Explorer browser.
EXTERNAL SNMP-BASED NETWORK MANAGEMENT APPLICATION
The switch can also be configured via SNMP.
For more information on switch management, refer to the
“Switch Management” section.