BRUEL & KJAER 4188 User manual

Brüel&Kjær
BK
BA5105–12
Technical
Documentation
WORLD HEADQUARTERS: DK-2850 Nærum • Denmark •
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Microphone Handbook
For the Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products

Revision February 1995
BA5105–12
Brüel & Kjær Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook
Microphone Handbook

0−2Brüel & KjærFalcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook
Trademarks
Microsoft is a registered trademark and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Cor-
poration.
Copyright © 1994, 1995, Brüel&Kjær A/S
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in
any form or by any means without prior consent in writing from Brüel & Kjær A/S,
Nærum, Denmark.

Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook
BE1373–12 0−3
Contents
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1–1
1.1 About the Microphone Handbook............................................................................... 1–2
1.2 About the Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products.................................................. 1–2
1.3 The Microphones......................................................................................................... 1–2
1.4 The Preamplifiers........................................................................................................ 1–8
2. Prepolarized Free-field 1/2" Microphone Type 4188....................... 2–1
2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 2–2
2.2 Sensitivity.................................................................................................................... 2–4
2.3 Frequency Response.................................................................................................... 2–5
2.4 Directional Characteristics....................................................................................... 2–13
2.5 Dynamic Range ......................................................................................................... 2–16
2.6 Equivalent Volume and Calibrator Load Volume ................................................... 2–19
2.7 Capacitance ............................................................................................................... 2–20
2.8 Polarization Voltage.................................................................................................. 2–20
2.9 Leakage Resistance................................................................................................... 2–21
2.10 Stability ..................................................................................................................... 2–21
2.11 Effect of Temperature ............................................................................................... 2–22
2.12 Effect of Ambient Pressure....................................................................................... 2–25
2.13 Effect of Humidity..................................................................................................... 2–26
2.14 Effect of Vibration ..................................................................................................... 2–27
2.15 Effect of Magnetic Field............................................................................................ 2–27
2.16 Electromagnetic Compatibility................................................................................. 2–27
2.17 Specifications Overview............................................................................................ 2–28
2.18 Ordering Information................................................................................................ 2–28
3. Prepolarized Free-field 1/2" Microphone Type 4189....................... 3–1
3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 3–2
3.2 Sensitivity.................................................................................................................... 3–5
3.3 Frequency Response.................................................................................................... 3–6
3.4 Directional Characteristics....................................................................................... 3–14
3.5 Dynamic Range ......................................................................................................... 3–15
3.6 Equivalent Volume and Calibrator Load Volume ................................................... 3–18
3.7 Capacitance ............................................................................................................... 3–20
3.8 Polarization Voltage.................................................................................................. 3–20
3.9 Leakage Resistance................................................................................................... 3–21
3.10 Stability ..................................................................................................................... 3–21

Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook Brüel & Kjær
0−4
Contents
3.11 Effect of Temperature............................................................................................... 3–22
3.12 Effect of Ambient Pressure....................................................................................... 3–25
3.13 Effect of Humidity..................................................................................................... 3–26
3.14 Effect of Vibration..................................................................................................... 3–27
3.15 Effect of Magnetic Field............................................................................................ 3–27
3.16 Electromagnetic Compatibility................................................................................. 3–27
3.17 Specifications Overview............................................................................................ 3–28
3.18 Ordering Information................................................................................................ 3–28
4. Free-field 1/2" Microphone Type 4190......................................................... 4–1
4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 4–2
4.2 Sensitivity.................................................................................................................... 4–5
4.3 Frequency Response.................................................................................................... 4–6
4.4 Directional Characteristics....................................................................................... 4–13
4.5 Dynamic Range ......................................................................................................... 4–14
4.6 Equivalent Volume and Calibrator Load Volume ................................................... 4–17
4.7 Capacitance ............................................................................................................... 4–19
4.8 Polarization Voltage.................................................................................................. 4–19
4.9 Leakage Resistance................................................................................................... 4–21
4.10 Stability ..................................................................................................................... 4–21
4.11 Effect of Temperature............................................................................................... 4–22
4.12 Effect of Ambient Pressure....................................................................................... 4–25
4.13 Effect of Humidity..................................................................................................... 4–27
4.14 Effect of Vibration..................................................................................................... 4–27
4.15 Effect of a Magnetic Field......................................................................................... 4–27
4.16 Electromagnetic Compatibility................................................................................. 4–28
4.17 Specifications Overview............................................................................................ 4–28
4.18 Ordering Information................................................................................................ 4–28
5. Free-field 1/2" Microphone Type 4191......................................................... 5–1
5.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 5–2
5.2 Sensitivity.................................................................................................................... 5–5
5.3 Frequency Response.................................................................................................... 5–6
5.4 Directional Characteristics....................................................................................... 5–13
5.5 Dynamic Range ......................................................................................................... 5–14
5.6 Equivalent Volume and Calibrator Load Volume ................................................... 5–17
5.7 Capacitance ............................................................................................................... 5–19
5.8 Polarization Voltage.................................................................................................. 5–19
5.9 Leakage Resistance................................................................................................... 5–21
5.10 Stability ..................................................................................................................... 5–21
5.11 Effect of Temperature............................................................................................... 5–22
5.12 Effect of Ambient Pressure....................................................................................... 5–25
5.13 Effect of Humidity..................................................................................................... 5–27
5.14 Effect of Vibration..................................................................................................... 5–27
5.15 Effect of Magnetic Field............................................................................................ 5–27

Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook
BE1373–12 0−5
Contents
5.16 Electromagnetic Compatibility................................................................................. 5–28
5.17 Specifications Overview............................................................................................ 5–28
5.18 Ordering Information................................................................................................ 5–28
6. Pressure-field 1/2" Microphone Type 4192.............................................. 6–1
6.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 6–2
6.2 Sensitivity.................................................................................................................... 6–5
6.3 Frequency Response.................................................................................................... 6–6
6.4 Directional Characteristics....................................................................................... 6–13
6.5 Dynamic Range ......................................................................................................... 6–14
6.6 Equivalent Volume and Calibrator Load Volume ................................................... 6–17
6.7 Capacitance ............................................................................................................... 6–19
6.8 Polarization Voltage.................................................................................................. 6–19
6.9 Leakage Resistance................................................................................................... 6–21
6.10 Stability ..................................................................................................................... 6–21
6.11 Effect of Temperature ............................................................................................... 6–22
6.12 Effect of Ambient Pressure....................................................................................... 6–25
6.13 Effect of Humidity..................................................................................................... 6–27
6.14 Effect of Vibration ..................................................................................................... 6–27
6.15 Effect of Magnetic Field............................................................................................ 6–27
6.16 Electromagnetic Compatibility................................................................................. 6–28
6.17 Specifications Overview............................................................................................ 6–28
6.18 Ordering Information................................................................................................ 6–28
7. Low-frequency Pressure-field 1/2" Microphone Type 4193....... 7–1
7.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 7–2
7.2 Sensitivity.................................................................................................................... 7–5
7.3 Frequency Response.................................................................................................... 7–7
7.4 Directional Characteristics....................................................................................... 7–15
7.5 Dynamic Range ......................................................................................................... 7–16
7.6 Equivalent Volume and Calibrator Load Volume ................................................... 7–20
7.7 Capacitance ............................................................................................................... 7–22
7.8 Polarization Voltage.................................................................................................. 7–22
7.9 Leakage Resistance................................................................................................... 7–24
7.10 Stability ..................................................................................................................... 7–24
7.11 Effect of Temperature ............................................................................................... 7–26
7.12 Effect of Ambient Pressure....................................................................................... 7–28
7.13 Effect of Humidity..................................................................................................... 7–30
7.14 Effect of Vibration ..................................................................................................... 7–30
7.15 Effect of Magnetic Field............................................................................................ 7–30
7.16 Electromagnetic Compatibility................................................................................. 7–31
7.17 Specifications Overview............................................................................................ 7–31
7.18 Ordering Information................................................................................................ 7–32

Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook Brüel & Kjær
0−6
Contents
8. 1/2" Microphone Preamplifier Type 2669................................................. 8–1
8.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 8–2
8.2 Frequency Response.................................................................................................... 8–4
8.3 Dynamic Range ........................................................................................................... 8–5
8.4 Phase Response........................................................................................................... 8–8
8.5 Effect of Temperature................................................................................................. 8–8
8.6 Effect of Magnetic Fields ............................................................................................ 8–9
8.7 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)....................................................................... 8–9
8.8 Brüel&Kjær’s Patented Charge-injection Calibration Technique......................... 8–10
8.9 Specifications Overview............................................................................................ 8–11
8.10 Ordering Information................................................................................................ 8–11
9. Accessories......................................................................................................................... 9–1
9.1 Accessories Available.................................................................................................. 9–2
Index

Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook
BE1372–12 1−1
Chapter 1
Introduction

Chapter 1 — Introduction
About the Microphone Handbook
Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook Brüel & Kjær
1−2
1.1 About the Microphone Handbook
This handbook contains specific information about Brüel&Kjær’s Falcon™ Range of
1/2" microphone products. It contains a chapter on each of the microphones, a chap-
ter on 1/2" Microphone Preamplifier Type 2669 which can be used with these micro-
phones, and a list of the available accessories which can also be used with these
microphones.
1.2 About the Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Brüel&Kjær’s FalconRange of microphone products includes six 1/2" condenser
microphones and a microphone preamplifier covering, between them, a very wide
range of needs and applications.
They are the culmination of over 40 years of leadership in top quality condenser
microphones and preamplifiers for precision acoustic measurements. The Falcon
Range of microphone products will meet your demands whether they be in comply-
ing with ANSI or IEC standards or in acoustic research.
1.3 The Microphones
1.3.1 Robust and Stable
The microphones in the FalconRange are robust and can even withstand an IEC
68-2-32 1m drop test onto a hard wooden block without suffering more than
±0.1dB change in sensitivity. They are made of carefully selected materials and
alloys to ensure excellent stability and are virtually unaffected by industrial and
similarly hostile environments. During manufacture, each microphone is artificially
aged at a high temperature to ensure good long-term stability. As a result of all
this, Brüel&Kjær has extended their warranty period to three years.
No ecologically damaging materials are used in the manufacture and packaging of
these microphones.
1.3.2 Selecting a Microphone for Your Needs
To make sure you select the right microphone to match your needs, you will proba-
bly have to consider one or more of the following:
●Standards (IEC or ANSI)
●Frequency range
●Polarization
●Sound field.

Chapter 1 — Introduction
The Microphones
Falcon™ Range of Microphone Products
Microphone Handbook
BE1372–12 1−3
The following, together with the flow chart shown in Fig.1.1 and the comparitive
list of specifications shown in Table 1.2, will help you to make your decision.
Measurement Standards
You can use these microphones in noise measurement systems satisfying either
ANSI or IEC standards (or their local equivalents). The microphones use only 50%
to 70% of the tolerances allowed by these standards.
Frequency Ranges
All six microphones cover the audio frequency range. If, however, you want to meas-
ure at frequencies down to 0.07Hz (for infrasound measurements), choose Low-
frequency Pressure-field 1/2" Microphone Type 4193, or at frequencies up to 40kHz
(for harmonic distortion measurements on loudspeakers) choose Free-field 1/2" Mi-
crophone Type 4191.
Polarization/Preamplifier
Prepolarized microphones are required on certain portable sound level meters
(which do not provide external polarization) and are a good choice in tough and
Fig.1.1 Flow chart to help you choose the right microphone in the Falcon™ Range for your needs
940369e
Start
ANSI
S 1.4 1983
Type 1 
or S 1.12
Type M
No
Yes
IEC Pressure-
field Free-
field
Audio
freq.
No
Extended
freq.
Yes
Type 1
Type 0
and
Type 1
S 1.4
Type 0
Type 1
External
Polarization
Audio freq. or
Extended freq.
Free-field
or
Pressure-field
Infrasound
Standards
ANSI
or
IEC 651
Frequency
Analysis
No No
4188
4189
Yes Yes
41904191419241934188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4188 + DZ 9566
4191
4192
4193
S 1.12