Campbell 27106T User manual

27106T Gill Propeller
Anemometer
Revision: 2/11
Copyright © 1984-2011
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

PLEASE READ FIRST
About this manual
Please note that this manual was originally produced by Campbell Scientific Inc. (CSI) primarily
for the US market. Some spellings, weights and measures may reflect this origin.
Some useful conversion factors:
Area: 1 in2(square inch) = 645 mm2
Length: 1 in. (inch) = 25.4 mm
1 ft (foot) = 304.8 mm
1 yard = 0.914 m
1 mile = 1.609 km
Mass: 1 oz. (ounce) = 28.35 g
1 lb (pound weight) = 0.454 kg
Pressure: 1 psi (lb/in2) = 68.95 mb
Volume: 1 US gallon = 3.785 litres
In addition, part ordering numbers may vary. For example, the CABLE5CBL is a CSI part
number and known as a FIN5COND at Campbell Scientific Canada (CSC). CSC Technical
Support will be pleased to assist with any questions.

27106T Table of Contents
PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use
the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. General Description.....................................................1
2. Specifications ..............................................................1
3. Installation....................................................................2
3.1 Unpack Equipment and Assemble the 27106T.........................................2
3.2 Mounting to Crossarm ..............................................................................3
4. Wiring............................................................................5
5. Programming ...............................................................5
5.1 Wind Speed Multiplier and Offset............................................................5
5.2 Example Programs....................................................................................6
5.2.1 CR1000 Example Program .............................................................6
5.2.2 CR10X Example Program ..............................................................7
6. Sensor Maintenance....................................................8
6.1 Flange Bearing Replacement....................................................................8
6.2 Tach-Generator Replacement ...................................................................9
7. Troubleshooting ........................................................10
8. References .................................................................10
Figures
3-1. 27106T Mounted to a Crossarm via the CM220 .....................................4
3-2. 27106T Mounted to a Crossarm via a NU-RAIL Fitting ........................4
Tables
1-1. Recommended Lead Lengths ..................................................................1
4-1. Connections to Campbell Scientific Dataloggers....................................5
5-1. Wind Speed Multiplier ............................................................................6
5-2. Wiring for Example Programs ................................................................6
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
1. General Description
The 27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer sensor is used to measure vertical
wind speed. Wind speed is measured with a helicoid-shaped, four-blade
propeller. Rotation of the propeller produces an analog voltage signal
proportional to wind speed with polarity determined by the direction of the
wind.
The R.M. Young Instruction Manual includes additional information on the
operating principles, installation and maintenance of the sensor.
Lead length for the 27106T is specified when the sensor is ordered. Table 1-1
gives the recommended lead length for mounting the sensor at the top of the
tripod/tower with a 019ALU or CM200 series crossarm.
TABLE 1-1. Recommended Lead Lengths
CM6 CM10 CM110 CM115 CM120 UT10 UT20 UT30
10’ 13’ 13’ 19’ 24’ 13’ 24’ 34’
The 27106T ships with:
(1) ResourceCD
(1) 1180 Mount
2. Specifications
Range
Axial Flow: 0 to 90 mph (0 to 40 m/s)
All Angles: 0 to 80 mph (0 to 35 m/s)
Threshold Sensitivity*: 0.8 mph (0.4 m/s)
Distance Constant*: <6.9 feet (2.1 m)
Pitch: 11.8 inch (30.0 cm) air passage per
revolution
Signal Output: Analog DC Voltage proportional to axial
wind component. Polarity reverses with
reverse rotation.
1800 rpm (500 mV) = 9.0 m/s (20.1 mph)
Operating Temperature: -50° to +50°C
Propeller Description: 4-blade helicoids propeller molded of
carbon fiber thermoplastic
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
Dimensions
Overall Length: 17 inch (43 cm)
Propeller Diameter: 8 inch (20 cm)
Housing Diameter: 1 inch (2.5 cm)
1180 Mounting Pipe Description: 12-in. long, 3/4-in. IPS schedule 40 pipe
(1.05 in. OD)
Weight: 1.2 lbs (0.5 kg)
*Threshold and Distant Constant values are for axial flows.
Manufactured by RM Young (Traverse City, MI) and cabled by Campbell
Scientific for use with our dataloggers.
The black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene® rubber. This
compound was chosen for its resistance to temperature extremes,
moisture, and UV degradation. However, this jacket will
support combustion in air. It is rated as slow burning when
tested according to U.L. 94 H.B. and will pass FMVSS302.
Local fire codes may preclude its use inside buildings.
NOTE
3. Installation
3.1 Unpack Equipment and Assemble the 27106T
Upon receipt of your shipment, immediately open the shipping carton and
ensure that you have all of the 27106T’s components.
The shipping carton should include:
x16” x 2” x 2” box labeled Propeller Anemometer
x9” x 9” x 2” box labeled Carbon Fiber Propeller
xCable (routed through the 1180 mounting pipe to mating connector)
x1180 Mounting Pipe
Make sure that you have removed everything (two boxes,
cable, and mounting pipe) from the shipping carton before
discarding the shipping foam and shipping carton. Foam
included with the shipping carton may conceal items. If an
item listed above is not initially visible, remove the foam
from the shipping carton and thoroughly inspect both sides
of the foam for the item. Immediately contact Campbell
Scientific if any item is missing.
CAUTION
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
Once everything has been retrieved from the shipping carton, assemble the
27106T by doing the following:
1. Remove the propeller shaft from the Propeller Anemometer box
2. Remove the propeller from the Carbon Fiber Propeller box
3. Remove the nut that is on the top of the propeller shaft
4. Place the propeller onto the top of the propeller shaft
5. Replace the nut and tighten to secure the propeller to the shaft
6. Remove the dust cap from the cable’s connector and attach the cable to the
anemometer’s connector
3.2 Mounting to Crossarm
Tools Required:
x5/32” Allen wrench for the NU-RAIL fitting or ½” open-end wrench for
CM220 Right Angle mount
xUV resistant cable ties
xsmall pair of diagonal-cutting pliers
x6” to 10” torpedo level
This anemometer can be mounted to a CM200-series crossarm or a 019ALU
crossarm. The 1180’s pipe that ships with the 27106 mounts to a CM200
series crossarm via the CM220 (Figure 3-1) or 1049 NU-RAIL Fitting (Figures
3-2) or to the 019ALU’s NU-RAIL fitting (Figure 3-2).
When mounting the sensor to the crossarm, care should be taken to ensure that
there are no obstacles, or sensors, that will interfere with the vertical air flow
from either the up or down direction.
Route the sensor cable along the underside of the crossarm to the tower/tripod
mast, and to the instrument enclosure. Secure the sensor cable to the crossarm
and mast using cable ties.
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
Mounting Pipe
FIGURE 3-1. 27106T Mounted to a Crossarm via the CM220
FIGURE 3-2. 27106T Mounted to a Crossarm via a NU-RAIL Fitting
N
U-RAIL
Fitting Crossarm
CM220
Crossarm
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
4. Wiring
Connections to Campbell Scientific dataloggers are given in Table 4-1. When
Short Cut for Windows software is used to create the datalogger program, the
sensor should be wired to the channels shown in the wiring diagram created by
Short Cut.
TABLE 4-1. Connections to Campbell Scientific Dataloggers
Color
Wire Label
CR800
CR850
CR5000
CR3000
CR1000
CR510
CR500
CR10(X)
21X,
CR7
CR23X
CR200(X)
White Signal SE Analog SE Analog SE Analog SE Analog
Black Signal Reference
G
Clear Shield
5. Programming
This section is for users who write their own programs. A datalogger program
to measure this sensor can be generated using Campbell Scientific’s Short Cut
Program Builder software. You do not need to read this section to use Short
Cut software.
In CRBasic, wind speed is measured by the VoltSE instruction. Dataloggers
that use CRBasic include the CR200(X) series, CR800, CR850, CR1000,
CR3000, CR5000, and CR9000(X).
In Edlog, wind speed is measured by the Volt (SE) (P1) instruction.
Dataloggers that use Edlog include the CR500, CR510, CR10(X), 21X,
CR23X, and CR7.
5.1 Wind Speed Multiplier and Offset
The expression for wind speed (U) is:
U = MX + B
Where,
M = multiplier
X = voltage measured by the datalogger
B = offset
Table 5-1 lists the multipliers to obtain miles/hour, meters/second, km/H, and
knots. The helicoid propeller has a calibration that passes through zero, so the
offset is zero.
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
TABLE 5-1. Wind Speed Multiplier
(With Configuration Code 21*)
Unit Multiplier
Miles per Hour 0.04025
Meters/Second 0.01800
Kilometers/Hour 0.06480
Knots 0.03496
*When the propeller is used for measuring the vertical wind component, users
may want to apply an additional multiplier of 1.25 to the output signal. This
may be done numerically in the data processing operations or electronically in
the signal conditioning. Using the additional multiplier brings the anemometer
output signal within ±3% of the cosine response for elevation angles between
-30° and +30°. Since the standard deviation of wind elevation angle in open
terrain rarely exceeds 12°, 98% (2.5 standard deviations) of observations will
be within ±30°. Using the multiplier is NOT necessary when the anemometer
is used in a UVW configuration with RM YOUNG model 26601UVW
Translator.
5.2 Example Programs
The following programs measure the 27106T every 1 second, and store the
maximum, minimum, and average wind speed every 10 minutes. Wiring for
the examples is given in Table 5-2.
TABLE 5-2. Wiring for Example Programs
Color Wire Label CR1000 CR10X
White Signal SE1 SE1
Black Signal Reference
G
Clear Shield
G
5.2.1 CR1000 Example Program
'CR1000 Series Datalogger
'Declare Public Variables
Public Batt_Volt
Public WS_ms
Units Batt_Volt=Volts
Units WS_ms=meters/second
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
'Define Data Tables
DataTable (Table1,True,-1)
DataInterval (0,10,Min,10)
Maximum (1,WS_ms,FP2,False,False)
Minimum (1,WS_ms,FP2,0,False)
Average (1,WS_ms,FP2,False)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan (1,Sec,1,0)
Battery (Batt_Volt)
'27106T Wind Speed Sensor measurement
VoltSe (WS_ms,1,mV2500,1,1,0,250,0.01800,0)
'mV5000 range code for CR3000 and CR5000 dataloggers
'Call Output Tables
CallTable Table1
NextScan
EndProg
5.2.2 CR10X Example Program
;{CR10X}
;
*Table 1 Program
01: 1.000 Execution Interval (seconds)
;27106T Wind Speed Sensor Measurement
1: Volt (SE) (P1)
1: 1 Reps
2: 5 2500 mV Slow Range ;5000mV (slow 60Hz) Range for CR23X, 21X, CR7
3: 1 SE Channel
4: 1 Loc [ WS_ms ]
5: 0.01800 Multiplier
6: 0 Offset
2: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 10 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
3: Set Active Storage Area (P80)^23620
1: 1 Final Storage Area 1
2: 101 Array ID
4: Real Time (P77)^28329
1: 1220 Year,Day,Hour/Minute (midnight = 2400)
5: Maximum (P73)
1: 1 Reps
2: 0 Value Only
3: 1 Loc [ WS_ms ]
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
6: Minimum (P74)
1: 1 Reps
2: 0 Value Only
3: 1 Loc [ WS_ms ]
7: Average (P71)^4771
1: 1 Reps
2: 1 Loc [ WS_ms ]
6. Sensor Maintenance
Given proper care, the Gill Propeller Anemometer should provide years of
service. Components are conservatively rated and require little maintenance.
The only parts likely to need replacement due to normal wear are the precision
ball bearings and the tach-generator. The replacement procedures are best
performed in a service facility and only by qualified technicians.
If service facilities are not available, return the instrument to the factory.
Before returning the sensor to the factory, customers must get a Returned
Materials Authorization (RMA) and must fill out a Declaration of Hazardous
Material and Decontamination form (for more information, refer to the
Warranty and Assistance Section at the beginning of this manual).
6.1 Flange Bearing Replacement
This replacement procedure needs to be done by a
qualified technician. If a qualified technician is not
available, return the sensor to Campbell Scientific and
have their qualified technicians replace the bearing. Refer
to the Warranty and Assistance page for more information.
CAUTION
This replacement procedure is from RM Young Operation
manual (see Section 8).
NOTE
If anemometer bearings become noisy or wind speed threshold increases above
an acceptable level, bearings may need replacement. Check bearing condition
using a Model 18310 Anemometer Bearing Torque Disk (available from RM
Young). If, after replacing bearings, the torque is still too high, check the tach-
generator.
Replace bearings as follows:
1. REMOVE OLD BEARINGS
a) Remove propeller from anemometer.
b) Unthread and separate shaft housing assembly from generator
housing.
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
c) Loosen set screw on shaft collar/coupling disk and remove from
propeller shaft.
d) Slide propeller shaft through both bearings and out of housing.
e) Pull front bearing dust shield off housing.
f) Using the edge of a pocket knife, gently pry front and rear bearings
out of housing.
2. INSTALL NEW BEARINGS
a) Gently insert front bearing into housing.
b) Push front bearing dust shield back onto housing.
c) Carefully slide propeller shaft through front bearing and into housing.
d) Slide rear bearing over propeller shaft and gently push it into
housing.
e) Place shaft collar/coupling disk on propeller shaft.
f) Allow 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) end play gap between shaft
collar/coupling disk and bearing. Tighten set screw (80 oz in, 5600
gm-cm max torque).
g) Thread shaft housing assembly into generator housing. Tighten
firmly.
h) Check bearing torque to confirm it is within specifications.
6.2 Tach-Generator Replacement
This replacement procedure needs to be done by a
qualified technician. If a qualified technician is not
available, return the sensor to Campbell Scientific and
have their qualified technicians replace the Tach-
Generator. Refer to the Warranty and Assistance page for
more information.
CAUTION
This replacement procedure is from RM Young Operation
manual (see Section 8).
NOTE
When the tach-generator output becomes erratic (usually due to brush failure)
or begins to show signs of bearing failure (high torque), the entire generator
assembly should be removed and replaced. If replacing the tach-generator due
to excessive torque make certain it is indeed caused by a worn tach-generator,
not the anemometer flange bearings.
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
Replace the tach-generator as follows:
1. REMOVE OLD GENERATOR ASSEMBLY
a) Remove propeller from anemometer.
b) Unthread generator housing collar. Pull generator housing away from
sensor connector and generator assembly.
c) Note position of generator wires on sensor connector pins. Unsolder
wires from pins and remove old generator assembly.
2. INSTALL NEW GENERATOR ASSEMBLY
a) Solder wires from new generator assembly onto proper sensor
connector pins. Verify correct polarity: CCW rotation produces
negative output voltage.
b) Slide generator housing over generator assembly. Firmly tighten
housing collar onto connector threads.
c) Check bearing torque to confirm it is within specification.
7. Troubleshooting
Symptom: No wind speed
1. Check that the sensor is wired to the single-ended channel specified by
the VoltSE instruction.
2. Disconnect the sensor from the datalogger and use an ohm meter to check
the Tach-Generator. The resistance between the white and black wires
should be about 32 ohms. Infinite resistance indicates an open coil; low
resistance indicates a shorted coil.
3. Verify that the Voltage Range Code, and Multiplier and Offset parameters
for the VoltSE instruction are correct for the datalogger type.
Symptom: Wind speed does not change
1. For the dataloggers that are programmed with Edlog, the input location
for wind speed is not updated if the datalogger is getting “Program Table
Overruns”. Increase the execution interval (scan rate) to prevent
overruns.
8. References
References containing additional information about the Gill Propeller
Anemometer are listed below in chronological order.
Holmes, R.M., Gill, G.C., and Carson, H.W., “A Propeller Type Vertical
Anemometer”, Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol 3, 1964, pp. 802-804
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
Drinkow, R., “A Solution to the Paired Gill-Anemometer Response Function”,
Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol 11, 1972, pp. 7-80.
Hicks, B. B., “Propeller Anemometers as Sensors of Atmospheric
Turbulence”, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol 3, 1972, pp. 214-228
Fichtl, G. H., and Kumar, P., “The Response of Propeller Anemometer to
Turbulent Flow with the Mean Wind Vector Perpendicular to the Axis of
Rotation”, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol 6, 1974, pp. 363-379.
McMichael, J.M., and Klebanoff, P. S., “The Dynamic Response of Helicoid
Anemometers”, NBSIR 75-772, National Bureau of Standards, 1975.
R.M Young Model 27106 Gill Propeller Anemometer Manual PN: 27106-90,
Rev: D030106
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27106T Gill Propeller Anemometer
12

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