Campbell Wind Monitor Series User manual

Revision: 12/2020
Copyright © 1984 – 2020
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Table of contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Precautions 1
3. Initial inspection 2
4. QuickStart 2
5. Overview 5
6. Specifications 6
7. Installation 8
7.1 Wiring 8
7.2 Programming 9
7.2.1 Wind speed 9
7.2.2 Wind direction 10
7.2.3 WindVector processing instruction 11
7.3 Siting 11
7.4 Assembly and mounting 11
7.4.1 Mounting the wind monitor to a crossarm 12
7.4.2 Mounting the wind monitor atop a tripod mast 14
8. Sensor maintenance 14
9. Troubleshooting 15
9.1 Wind direction 15
9.2 Wind speed 15
10. References 16
Appendix A. Importing Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor 17
Appendix B. Example programs 18
B.1 CR1000X example program 19
B.2 CR6 example program 20
Appendix C. Wind direction sensor orientation 21
C.1 Determining true north and sensor orientation 21
Appendix D. Wind direction measurement theory 24
Table of Contents - i

1. Introduction
Wind monitors measure horizontal wind speed and direction. The different models are designed
for different applications (Table 1-1 (p. 1)). The wind monitors are manufactured by R.M. Young.
Table 1-1: R.M. Young wind monitors models
Model Description
05103 Standard wind monitor
05103-45 Alpine wind monitor (discourages ice buildup)
05106 Marine wind monitor
05108 Heavy-duty wind monitor that greatly extends service life
05108-45 Heavy-duty wind monitor for alpine applications
05305 High-performance wind monitor for air quality applications
NOTE:
This manual provides information only for CRBasic data loggers. For retired Edlog data logger
support, see an older manual at www.campbellsci.com/old-manuals.
2. Precautions
lREAD AND UNDERSTAND the Safety section at the back of this manual.
lThe wind monitor is a precision instrument. Please handle it with care.
lDo not use cable lengths greater than 30 m (9 ft) in electrically noisy environments.
lThe black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene® rubber. This compound was chosen for
its resistance to temperature extremes, moisture, and ultraviolet (UV) degradation.
However, this jacket will support combustion in air. It is rated as slow burning when tested
according to U.L. 94 H.B. and will pass FMVSS302. Local fire codes may preclude its use
inside buildings.
Wind Monitor Series 1

lWire color and functions of sensors purchased through Campbell Scientific may not
correspond with the wire colors and functions given in the manufacturer’s manual. To
ensure proper function, follow the wiring provided in Short Cut or in the Campbell
Scientific manual.
lWind monitors purchased directly from R.M. Young may not have the 1 MΩ resistor used to
short the readings in the dead band to ground.
3. Initial inspection
lUpon receipt of the wind monitor, inspect the packaging and contents for damage. File
damage claims with the shipping company. Immediately check package contents against
the shipping documentation. Contact Campbell Scientific about any discrepancies.
lThe model number and cable length are printed on a label at the connection end of the
cable. Check this information against the shipping documents to ensure the expected
product and cable length are received.
The wind monitors ship with:
(1) 1/16 inch hex key wrench from manufacturer (used for bearing replacement)
(1) Bearing gap gauge (spacer) from manufacturer (used for bearing replacement)
(1) Calibration sheet
(1) Ferrite choke from manufacturer
(1) Unthreaded aluminum pipe, 1-inch IPS, 12-inch length
4. QuickStart
A video that describes data logger programming using Short Cut is available at:
www.campbellsci.com/videos/cr1000x-datalogger-getting-started-program-part-3 .Short Cut
is an easy way to program your data logger to measure this sensor and assign data logger wiring
terminals. Short Cut is available as a download on www.campbellsci.com. It is included in
installations of LoggerNet,RTDAQ,PC400, or PC200W.
The following procedure also describes programming with Short Cut.
Wind Monitor Series 2

1. Open Short Cut and create a new program.
2. Double-click the data logger model.
3. In the Available Sensors and Devices box, type 05103, 05106, or 05305 AQ or locate the
sensor in the Sensors >Meteorological >Wind Speed & Direction folder. Double-click
05103 Wind Speed & Direction Sensor,05106 Wind Speed & Direction Sensor, or 05305-AQ
Wind Speed & Direction Sensor. The wind speed defaults to meters/second. This can be
changed by clicking the Wind Speed box and selecting one of the other options.
4. Click on the Wiring tab to see how the sensor is to be wired to the data logger. Click OK
after wiring the sensor.
5. Repeat steps three and four for other sensors. Click Next.
Wind Monitor Series 3

6. In Output Setup, enter the scan rate, Data Output Storage Intervals, and meaningful table
names.
7. Select the measurement and its associated output options.
8. Click Finish and save the program. Send the program to the data logger if the data logger
is connected to the computer.
9. If the sensor is connected to the data logger, check the output of the sensor in the data
display in LoggerNet,RTDAQ,PC400, or PC200W to make sure it is making reasonable
measurements.
Wind Monitor Series 4

5. Overview
Wind speed is measured by using a helicoid-shaped, four-blade propeller. Rotation of the
propeller produces an AC sine wave signal with frequency proportional to wind speed.
Vane position is transmitted by a 10 kΩ potentiometer. With a precision excitation voltage
applied, the output voltage is proportional to wind direction.
The R.M. Young Instruction Manual includes additional information on the operating principles,
installation, and maintenance of the sensor.
The wind monitors are manufactured by R.M. Young and cabled by Campbell Scientific for use
with our data loggers. Cable lengths for the wind monitors are specified when the sensors are
ordered. Table 5-1 (p. 5) gives the recommended cable length for mounting the sensor at the top
of the tripod/tower by using a CM200-series crossarm.
Table 5-1: Recommended cable lengths
CM106B CM110 CM115 CM120 UT10 UT20 UT30
4.2 m (14 ft) 4.2 m (14 ft) 5.8 m (19 ft) 7.3 m (24 ft) 4.2 m (14 ft) 7.3 m (24 ft) 11.3 m (37 ft)
NOTE:
Maximum cable length is 304.8 m (1000 ft).
CAUTION:
Do not use cable lengths greater than 30 m (9 ft) in electrically noisy environments.
Features:
lRugged enough for harsh environments
lConstructed with thermoplastic material that resists corrosion from sea-air environments
and atmospheric pollutants
lIdeal for wind profile studies
lCompatible with the LLAC4 4-channel Low Level AC Conversion Module, which increases
the number of anemometers one data logger can measure
lCompatible with Campbell Scientific CRBasic data loggers: CR6, CR3000, CR1000X, CR800
series, CR300 series, and CR1000
Wind Monitor Series 5

6. Specifications
Table 6-1 (p. 6) Table 6-2 (p. 7), and Table 6-3 (p. 8) provide the wind speed, wind direction, and
physical specifications, respectively.
Table 6-1: Wind speed specifications
05103
Wind
Monitor
05103-45
Wind
Monitor-
Alpine
05106
Wind
Monitor-MA
05108
Heavy Duty
Wind
Monitor
05108-45
Heavy Duty
Wind
Monitor-
Alpine
05305
Wind
Monitor-AQ
Range 0 to 100 m/s (0 to 224 mph) 0 to 50 m/s
(0 to 112mph)
Accuracy ±0.3 m/s (±0.6 mph) or 1% of reading
±0.2 m/s
(±0.4mph) or
1% of reading
Starting
threshold
1.0 m/s
(2.2 mph)
2.4 mph
(1.1 m/s) 1.0 m/s (2.2 mph) 0.4 m/s (0.9mph)
Distance
constant
(63%
recovery)
2.7 m (8.9 ft) 2.1 m (6.9 ft)
Output
AC voltage (3 pulses per
revolution); 1800 rpm (90 Hz) =
8.8 m/s (19.7mph)
AC voltage (3 pulses per
revolution); 1800 rpm
(90 Hz) = 14.9 m/s
(33.3mph)
AC voltage (3 pulses
per revolution);
1800rpm(90Hz) =
9.2m/s (20.6mph)
Resolution
(0.0980 m/s) / (scan rate in
seconds) or (0.2192mph) /
(scan rate in seconds)
(0.1666 m/s) / (scan rate
in seconds) or
(0.3726mph)/
(scan rate in seconds)
(0.1024 m/s) / (scan
rate in sec.) or
(0.2290mph) / (scan
rate in sec.)
Wind Monitor Series 6

Table 6-2: Wind direction specifications
05103
Wind
Monitor
05103-45
Wind
Monitor-
Alpine
05106 Wind
Monitor-MA
05108 Heavy
Duty Wind
Monitor
05108-45
Heavy Duty
Wind
Monitor-
Alpine
05305 Wind
Monitor-AQ
Range 0° to 360° mechanical, 355° electrical (5° open)
Accuracy ±3° ±5° ±3°
Starting
threshold 1.1 m/s (2.4 mph) 1.0 m/s (2.0 mph) 0.5 m/s (1.0 mph)
Distance
constant
(50%
recovery)
1.3 m (4.3 ft) 1.2 m
(3.9 ft)
Damping
ratio 0.3 0.25 0.45
Damped
natural
wavelength
7.4 m (24.3 ft) 4.9 m
(16.1ft)
Undamped
natural
wavelength
7.2 m (23.6 ft) 4.4 m
(14.4ft)
Output analog DC voltage from potentiometer—resistance 10 kΩ; linearity 0.25%;
life expectancy 50 million revolutions
Power switched excitation voltage supplied by data logger
Wind Monitor Series 7

Table 6-3: Physical specifications
05103
Wind
Monitor
05103-45
Wind
Monitor-
Alpine
05106 Wind
Monitor-MA
05108 Heavy
Duty Wind
Monitor
05108-45
HeavyDuty
Wind
Monitor-
Alpine
05305 Wind
Monitor-AQ
Operating
temperature
range
–50 to +50 °C, assuming
non-riming conditions
–50 to +60 °C, assuming
non-riming conditions
-50to+50°C,
assuming
non-riming
conditions
Overall
height 37 cm (14.6 in) 40 cm (15.7 in)
38 cm
(15in)
Overall
length 55 cm (21.7 in) 57 cm (22.4 in)
65cm
(25.6in)
Propeller
diameter
18 cm
(7.1 in)
14 cm
(5.5 in) 18 cm (7.1 in) 20cm (7.9in)
Mounting
pipe
description
34 mm (1.34 in) outer diameter; standard 1.0 in IPS schedule 40
Weight 1.5 kg
(3.2 lb)
1 kg
(2.2 lb)
1.5 kg
(3.2 lb) 1 kg (2.2 lb) 1.1 kg (2.5 lb)
7. Installation
If you are programming your data logger by using Short Cut, skip Wiring (p. 8) and Programming
(p. 9). Short Cut does this work for you. See QuickStart (p. 2) for a Short Cut tutorial.
7.1 Wiring
Connections to Campbell Scientific data loggers are given in Table 7-1 (p. 9). When Short Cut
software is used to create the data logger program, the sensor is wired to the terminals shown in
the wiring diagram created by Short Cut.
Wind Monitor Series 8

Table 7-1: Wire color, wire function, and data logger connection
Wire color Wire function Data logger connection terminal
Red WS signal Uconfigured for pulse input1,P(pulse input),
or P_LL (pulse, low-level AC)
Black WS signal reference ⏚
Green WD signal Uconfigured for single-ended analog input1,
SE (single-ended, analog input)
Blue WD voltage excitation Uconfigured for voltage excitation1,EX,
VX (voltage excitation)
White WD signal reference ⏚(analog ground)
Clear Shield ⏚(analog ground)
1Uterminals are automatically configured by the measurement instruction.
7.2 Programming
Short Cut is the best source for up-to-date data logger programming code. If your data
acquisition requirements are simple and you are connecting the sensor to a pulse terminal, you
can probably create and maintain a data logger program exclusively by using Short Cut. If your
data acquisition needs are more complex, the files that Short Cut creates are a great source for
programming code to start a new program or add to an existing custom program.
NOTE:
Short Cut cannot edit programs after they are imported and edited in CRBasic Editor.
AShort Cut tutorial is available in QuickStart (p. 2). If you wish to import Short Cut code into
CRBasic Editor to create or add to a customized program, follow the procedure in Importing
Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor (p. 17). Programming basics for CRBasic data loggers are
provided in the following sections. Complete program examples for select CRBasic data loggers
can be found in Example programs (p. 18). Programming basics and programming examples for
Edlog data loggers are provided at www.campbellsci.com\old-manuals.
7.2.1 Wind speed
Wind speed is measured by using the PulseCount() instruction. Syntax of the the
PulseCount() instruction is:
PulseCount(Dest, Reps, PChan, PConfig, POption, Mult, Offset)
Wind Monitor Series 9

Set the PConfig parameter to Low Level AC and the POption parameter to Frequency.
The expression for wind speed (U) is:
U = Mx + B
where
M = multiplier
x = number of pulses per second (Hertz)
B = offset
Table 7-2 (p. 10) lists the multipliers to obtain miles/hour or meters/second when the
measurement instruction is configured to output Hz.
Table 7-2: Wind speed multiplier
Model Miles/Hour
Output
Meters/Second
Output
05103, 05103-45, or 05106 0.2192 0.0980
05108 or 05108-45 0.3726 0.1666
05305 0.2290 0.1024
Set the offset to zero since the helicoid propeller calibration passes through zero (Gill, 1973;
Baynton, 1976).
7.2.2 Wind direction
The wind vane is coupled to a 10kΩ potentiometer, which has a 5-degree electrical dead band
between 355 and 360 degrees. A 1MΩ resistor between the signal and ground pulls the signal to
0 mV (0 degrees) when wind direction is in the dead band (between 355 and 360 degrees).
Wind direction is measured by the BRHalf() instruction.
Some CRBasic measurement sequences can cause the measurement of the wind direction to
return a negative wind direction (–30º) while in the dead band. To overcome this problem, all
program examples use a delay of 20 ms (20,000μs) and set any negative wind direction values to
0.0: If WindDir < 0, then WindDir = 0.0.
The excitation voltage, range codes, and multipliers for the different data logger types are listed
in Table 7-3 (p. 11). Wind direction measurement theory (p. 24) has additional information on the
BRHalf() measurement instruction.
Wind Monitor Series 10

Table 7-3: Parameters for wind direction
CR300
Series
CR800,
CR850,
CR1000
CR1000X CR6 CR3000
Measurement range mV2500 mV2500 mV5000 mV5000 mV5000
Excitation voltage 2500 mV 2500 mV 2500 mV 2500 mV 5000 mV
Reverse excitation NA True True True True
Delay or settling time 20000 µs 20000 µs 20000 µs 20000 µs 20000 µs
Multiplier 355 355 355 355 355
Offset 0 0 0 0 0
7.2.3 WindVector processing instruction
The WindVector output is used to process and store mean wind speed, unit vector mean wind
direction, and standard deviation of the wind direction (optional) by using the measured wind
speed and direction samples.
7.3 Siting
Locate wind sensors away from obstructions such as trees or buildings. Generally, there should be
a horizontal distance of at least ten times the height of the obstruction between the wind
monitor and the obstruction. If the sensors need to be mounted on a roof, the height of the
sensors above the roof, should be at least 1.5 times the height of the building. See References (p.
16) for a list of references that discuss siting wind speed and direction sensors.
7.4 Assembly and mounting
Tools required:
l5/64 inch hex key wrench
l1/2 inch open end wrench
lCompass and declination angle for the site (see Wind direction sensor orientation (p. 21))
lSmall screw driver provided with data logger
lUV resistant cable ties
l6 to 10 inch torpedo level
Wind Monitor Series 11

7.4.1 Mounting the wind monitor to a crossarm
Install the wind monitor by using:
lUnthreaded aluminum pipe, 1-inch IPS, 12-inch length
lCM220 Right-Angle Mounting Kit (FIGURE 7-2 (p. 13)), or
l1-inch-by-1-inch Nu-Rail Crossover Fitting (FIGURE 7-3 (p. 13))
1. Secure the propeller to its shaft by using a wrench to tighten the nut provided with the
sensor.
2. Mount a crossarm to a tripod or tower.
3. If a pyranometer is also being mounted on the crossarm, orient the crossarm north-south
with the Nu-Rail on the end farthest from the equator. Otherwise, the crossarm may be
oriented north-south, east west, or any other angle desired. Wind direction sensor
orientation (p. 21) contains detailed information on determining true north by using a
compass and the magnetic declination for the site.
4. Secure the 12-inch aluminum pipe to the Nu-Rail fitting. The aluminum pipe is shipped
with the wind monitor.
5. Place the orientation ring, followed by the wind monitor on the aluminum pipe.
6. Orient the junction box to the south, and tighten the band clamps on the orientation ring
and aluminum pipe. Final sensor orientation is done after the data logger has been
programmed to measure wind direction as described in Wind direction sensor orientation
(p. 21).
7. Use the torpedo level to ensure that the wind monitor is level.
8. Insert the cable through the ferrite choke center hole, loop the cable over the top of the
ferrite choke, and reinsert the cable through the ferrite choke center hole (see the
following figure).
CAUTION:
Must install the ferrite choke on the cable near the sensor to meet EMC compliance.
FIGURE 7-1. Ferrite choke installed on cable
Wind Monitor Series 12

9. Route the sensor cable along the underside of the crossarm to the tripod or tower, and to
the instrument enclosure.
10. Secure the cable to the crossarm and tripod or tower by using cable ties.
FIGURE 7-2. CM220 Right Angle Mounting Kit mounted to a crossarm
FIGURE 7-3. Wind monitor mounted to a crossarm by using 1- x 1-in.
Nu-Rail Crossover Fitting
Wind Monitor Series 13

7.4.2 Mounting the wind monitor atop a tripod mast
The wind monitor mounts on top of a CM106B, CM110, CM115, or CM120 tripod by using the
CM216 (see FIGURE 7-4 (p. 14)). The CM216 extends 10 cm (4 in) above the mast of the tripod.
FIGURE 7-4. The CM216 allows the wind monitor to mount atop a tripod mast
8. Sensor maintenance
Every month do a visual/audio inspection of the anemometer at low wind speeds. Verify that the
propeller and wind vane bearing rotate freely. Inspect the sensor for physical damage.
Replace the anemometer bearings when they become noisy, or the wind speed threshold
increases above an acceptable level. The condition of the bearings can be checked by using the
Propeller Torque Disc as described in the R.M. Young manual (see
www.youngusa.com/products/7/).
The potentiometer has a life expectancy of fifty million revolutions. As it becomes worn, the
element can produce noisy signals or become non-linear. Replace the potentiometer when the
noise or non-linearity becomes unacceptable. The condition of the vertical shaft (vane) bearings
can be checked by using R.M. Young Vane Torque Gauge.
Wind Monitor Series 14

NOTE:
Campbell Scientific recommends factory replacement of the bearings and potentiometer.
Refer to the Assistance page of this document for the procedure of acquiring a Returned
Materials Authorization (RMA). Mechanically-adept users may choose to replace the bearings
or potentiometer themselves. Instructions for replacing the bearings and potentiometer are
given in R.M. Young manuals (www.youngusa.com/products/7/). A video that describes
changing the bearings is available at: www.campbellsci.com/videos/wind-monitor-bearing-
replacement .
9. Troubleshooting
9.1 Wind direction
Symptom: NAN, –9999, or no change in direction
1. Check that the sensor is wired to the excitation and single-ended terminal specified by the
measurement instruction.
2. Verify that the excitation voltage and range code are correct for the data logger type.
3. Disconnect the sensor from the data logger and use an ohmmeter to check the
potentiometer. Resistance should be about 10kΩ between the blue and white wires. The
resistance between either the blue/green or white/green wires should vary between about
1kΩ to 11kΩ depending on vane position. Resistance when the vane is in the 5 degree
dead band should be about 1MΩ.
Symptom: Incorrect wind direction
1. Verify that the excitation voltage, range code, multiplier and offset parameters are correct
for the data logger type.
2. Check orientation of sensor as described in Installation (p. 8).
9.2 Wind speed
Symptom: No wind speed
1. Check that the sensor is wired to the pulse terminal specified by the pulse count
instruction.
Wind Monitor Series 15

2. Disconnect the sensor from the data logger and use an ohmmeter to check the coil. The
resistance between the red and black wires should be about 2075 Ω. Infinite resistance
indicates an open coil; low resistance indicates a shorted coil.
3. Verify that the configuration code, and multiplier and offset parameters for the pulse count
instruction are correct for the data logger type.
10. References
Gill, G.C., 1973: The Helicoid Anemometer Atmosphere, II, 145–155.
Baynton, H.W., 1976: Errors in Wind Run Estimates from Rotational Anemometers, Bul. Am. Met.
Soc., vol. 57, No. 9, 1127–1130.
The following references give detailed information on siting wind speed and wind direction
sensors.
EPA, 1989: Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurements System, Office of
Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711.
EPA, 1987: On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications,
EPA-450/4-87-013, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC
27711.
The State Climatologist, 1985: Publication of the American Association of State Climatologists:
Height and Exposure Standards, for Sensors on Automated Weather Stations, vol. 9, No. 4.
WMO, 1983: Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, World
Meteorological Organization, No. 8, 5th edition, Geneva, Switzerland.
Wind Monitor Series 16

Appendix A. Importing Short
Cut code into CRBasic Editor
Short Cut creates a .DEF file that contains wiring information and a program file that can be
imported into the CRBasic Editor. By default, these files reside in the C:\campbellsci\SCWin
folder.
Import Short Cut program file and wiring information into CRBasic Editor:
1. Create the Short Cut program. After saving the Short Cut program, click the Advanced tab
then the CRBasic Editor button. A program file with a generic name will open in CRBasic.
Provide a meaningful name and save the CRBasic program. This program can now be
edited for additional refinement.
NOTE:
Once the file is edited with CRBasic Editor,Short Cut can no longer be used to edit the
program it created.
2. To add the Short Cut wiring information into the new CRBasic program, open the .DEF file
located in the C:\campbellsci\SCWin folder, and copy the wiring information, which is at
the beginning of the .DEF file.
3. Go into the CRBasic program and paste the wiring information into it.
4. In the CRBasic program, highlight the wiring information, right-click, and select Comment
Block. This adds an apostrophe (') to the beginning of each of the highlighted lines, which
instructs the data logger compiler to ignore those lines when compiling. The Comment
Block feature is demonstrated at about 5:10 in the CRBasic | Features video .
Wind Monitor Series 17

Appendix B. Example programs
The following programs measure the 05103 every 5s, and store mean wind speed, unit vector
mean direction, and standard deviation of the direction every 60 minutes. Wiring for the
examples is given in Table B-1 (p. 18).
Table B-1: Wiring for example programs
Color Wire Label CR1000X CR6
Red WS Signal P1 U4
Black WS Reference ⏚ ⏚
Green WD Signal SE 1 U2
Blue WD Volt Excit VX 1 U1
White WD Reference ⏚ ⏚
Clear Shield ⏚ ⏚
Wind Monitor Series 18