Casio FX-9750G User manual

Basic Operation
1-1 Before Starting Calculations...
1-2 Memory
1-3 Option (OPTN) Menu
1-4 Variable Data (VARS) Menu
1-5 Program (PRGM) Menu
1
Chapter

16
1-1 Before Starting Calculations...
Before performing a calculation for the first time, you should use the Set Up Screen
to specify the angle unit and display format.
kk
kk
kSetting the Angle Unit (Angle)
1. Display the Set Up Screen and use the fand ckeys to highlight “Angle”.
1(Deg) ........ Specifies degrees as
default.
2(Rad) ........ Specifies radians as
default.
3(Gra) ........ Specifies grads as default.
2. Press the function key that corresponds to the angle unit you want to use.
• The relationship between degrees, grads, and radians is shown below.
360°= 2πradians = 400 grads
90°= π/2 radians = 100 grads
kk
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kSetting the Display Format (Display)
1. Display the Set Up Screen and use the fand ckeys to highlight “Display”.
1(Fix).......... Displays screen for specifi-
cation of number of decimal
places.
2(Sci) ......... Displays screen for specifi-
cation of number of signifi-
cant digits.
3(Norm) ..... Switches exponential format display range.
4(Eng) ........ Displays calculation results using engineering notation.
2. Press the function key that corresponds to the display format you want to use.
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uu
uu
uTo specify the number of decimal places (Fix)
Example To specify two decimal places.
1(Fix)
3(2)
Pressthe functionkey thatcorresponds tothe number
of decimal places you want to specify (
n = 0 ~ 9).
• Displayed values are rounded off to the number of decimal places you specify.
uu
uu
uTo specify the number of significant digits (Sci)
Example To specify three significant digits.
2(Sci)
4(3)
Pressthe functionkey thatcorresponds tothe number
of significant digits you want to specify (
n = 0 ~ 9).
• Displayed values are rounded off to the number of significant digits you specify.
• Specifying 0 makes the number of significant digits 10.
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Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1

18
uu
uu
uTo specify the exponential display range (Norm 1/Norm 2)
Press 3(Norm) to switch between Norm 1 and Norm 2.
Norm 1: 10–2 (0.01)>|x|, |x| >1010
Norm 2: 10–9 (0.000000001)>|x|, |x| >1010
uu
uu
uTo specify the engineering notation display (Eng)
Press 4(Eng) to switch between engineering notation and standard notation.
The indicator “/E” is on the display while engineering notation is in effect.
The following are the 11 engineering notation symbols used by this calculator.
Symbol Meaning Unit
E Exa 1018
P Peta 1015
T Tera 1012
G Giga 109
M Mega 106
k kilo 103
m milli 10–3
µmicro 10–6
n nano 10–9
p pico 10–12
f femto 10–15
• The engineering symbol that makes the mantissa a value from 1 to 1000 is auto-
matically selected by the calculator when engineering notation is in effect.
1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...

19
kk
kk
kInputting Calculations
When you are ready to input a calculation, first press Ato clear the display. Next,
input your calculation formulas exactly as they are written, from left to right, and
press wto obtain the result.
Example 1 2 + 3 – 4 + 10 =
Ac+d-e+baw
Example 2 2(5 + 4) ÷(23 ×5) =
Ac(f+e)/
(cd*f)w
kk
kk
kCalculation Priority Sequence
This calculator employs true algebraic logic to calculate the parts of a formula in the
following order:
1Coordinate transformation
Pol (x, y), Rec (r, θ )
Differentials, quadratic differentials, integrations, Σcalculations
d/dx, d2/dx2, ∫dx, Σ, Mat, Solve, FMin, FMax, List→Mat, Fill, Seq, SortA, SortD,
Min, Max, Median, Mean,Augment, Mat→List, List
2Type A functions
With these functions, the value is entered and then the function key is pressed.
x2, x–1, x!, °’ ”, ENG symbols
3Power/root
^(xy), x
4Fractions
ab/c
5Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π, memory name, or variable name.
2π, 5A, X min, F Start, etc.
6Type B functions
With these functions, the function key is pressed and then the value is entered.
, 3, log, In, ex, 10x, sin, cos, tan, sin–1, cos–1, tan–1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh–1,
cosh–1, tanh–1, (–), parenthesis, d, h, b, o, Neg, Not, Det, Trn, Dim, Identity, Sum,
Prod, Cuml, Percent
7Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B functions
2, A log2, etc.3
8Permutation, combination
nPr, nCr
Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1

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9×, ÷
0+, –
!Relational operator
=, G, >, <, ≥, ≤
@And, and
#Or, or, xor, xnor
• When functions with the same priority are used in series, execution is performed
from right to left.
exIn →ex{In( )}120 120
Otherwise, execution is from left to right.
• Anything contained within parentheses receives highest priority.
Example 2 + 3 ×(log sin2π2+ 6.8) = 22.07101691 (angle unit = Rad)
kk
kk
kMultiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign
You can omit the multiplication sign (×) in any of the following operations.
• Before the Type B functions
Example 2sin30, 10log1.2, 2 , 2Pol(5, 12), etc.
3
• Before constants, variable names, memory
Example 2π, 2AB, 3Ans, 3Y1, etc.
• Before an open parenthesis
Example 3(5 + 6), (A + 1)(B – 1), etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
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21
kk
kk
kStacks
The unit employs memory blocks, called stacks , for storage of low priority values and
commands. There is a 10-level numeric value stack , a 26-level command stack , and
a 10-level program subroutine stack . If you execute a formula so complex it exceeds
the amount of stack space available, an error message appears on the display (Stk
ERROR during calculations or Ne ERROR during execution of a program subrou-
tine).
Example
1
2
3
4
5
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
2
3
4
5
4
×
(
(
+
×
(
+
...
...
Numeric Value Stack Command Stack
• Calculations are performed according to the priority sequence. Once a calcula-
tion is executed, it is cleared from the stack.
• Storing a complex number takes up two numeric value stack levels.
• Storing a two-byte function takes up two command stack levels.
kk
kk
kInput, Output and Operation Limitations
The allowable range for both input and output values is 10 digits for the mantissa and
2 digits for the exponent. Internally, however, the unit performs calculations using 15
digits for the mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent.
Example 3 ×105÷7 – 42857 =
AdEf/hw
dEf/h-
ecifhw
Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1
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kk
kk
kOverflow and Errors
Exceeding a specified input or calculation range, or attempting an illegal input causes
an error message to appear on the display. Further operation of the calculator is
impossible while an error message is displayed. The following events cause an error
message to appear on the display.
• When any result, whether intermediate or final, or any value in memory exceeds
±9.999999999 ×1099 (Ma ERROR).
• When an attempt is made to perform a function calculation that exceeds the input
range (Ma ERROR).
• When an illegal operation is attempted during statistical calculations (Ma ER-
ROR). For example, attempting to obtain 1VAR without data input.
• When the capacity of the numeric value stack or command stack is exceeded (Stk
ERROR). For example, entering 25 successive(followed by 2 +3 *4 w.
• When an attempt is made to perform a calculation using an illegal formula (Syn
ERROR). For example, 5 ** 3 w.
• When you try to perform a calculation that causes memory capacity to be exceeded
(Mem ERROR).
• When you use a command that requires an argument, without providing a valid
argument (Arg ERROR).
• When an attempt is made to use an illegal dimension during matrix calculations
(Dim ERROR).
• Other errors can occur during program execution. Most of the calculator’s keys
are inoperative while an error message is displayed.You can resume operation
using one of the two following procedures.
• Press the Akey to clear the error and return to normal operation.
• Press dor eto display the error.
kk
kk
kMemory Capacity
Each time you press a key, either one byte or two bytes is used. Some of the functions
that require one byte are: b, c, d, sin, cos, tan, log, In, , and π. Some of the
functions that take up two bytes are d/dx(, Mat, Xmin, If, For, Return, DrawGraph,
SortA(, PxIOn, Sum, and an+1.
When the number of bytes remaining drops to five or below, the cursor automatically
changes from “ _ ” to “ v”. If you still need to input more, you should divide your
calculation into two or more parts.
• As you input numeric values or commands, they appear flush left on the dis-
play. Calculation results, on the other hand, are displayed flush right.
1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...
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kk
kk
kGraphic Display and Text Display
The unit uses both a graphic display and a text display. The graphic display is used
for graphics, while the text display is used for calculations and instructions. The con-
tents of each type of display are stored in independent memory areas.
uu
uu
uTo switch between the graphic display and text display
Press !6(G↔T). You should also note that the key operations used to clear
each type of display are different.
uu
uu
uTo clear the graphic display
Press !4(Sketch) 1(Cls) w.
uu
uu
uTo clear the text display
Press A.
kk
kk
kEditing Calculations
Use the dand ekeys to move the cursor to the position you want to change, and
then perform one of the operations described below. After you edit the calculation,
you can execute it by pressing w, or use eto move to the end of the calculation
and input more.
uu
uu
uTo change a step
Example To change cos60 to sin60
cga
ddd
s
uu
uu
uTo delete a step
Example To change 369 × × 2 to 369 ×2
dgj**c
ddD
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uu
uu
uTo insert a step
Example To change 2.362to sin2.362
c.dgx
ddddd
![
s
• When you press ![a space is indicated by the symbol ‘‘t’’. The next func-
tion or value you input is inserted at the location of ‘‘t’’. To abort the insert opera-
tion without inputting anything, move the cursor, press ![again, or press
d, eor w.
1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...

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1-2 Memory
kk
kk
kVariables
This calculator comes with 28 variables as standard. You can use variables to store
values to be used inside of calculations. Variables are identified by single-letter names,
which are made up of the 26 letters of the alphabet, plus rand θ . The maximum size
of values that you can assign to variables is 15 digits for the mantissa and 2 digits for
the exponent. Variable contents are retained even when you switch power off.
uu
uu
uTo assign a value to a variable
Example To assign 123 to variable A
AbcdaaAw
Example To add 456 to variable A and store the result in variable B
AaA+efgaaBw
uu
uu
uTo display the contents of a variable
Example To display the contents of variableA
AaAw
uu
uu
uTo clear a variable
Example To clear variable A
AaaaAw
• To clear all variables, select “Memory Usage” from the MEM Mode.
uu
uu
uTo assign the same value to more than one variable
[value]a[first variable name]a3(~)
[last variable name]w
• You cannot use “r” or “
θ ” as a variable name in the above operation.

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Example To assign a value of 10 to variablesA through F
Abaa!aA
3(~)Fw
kk
kk
kFunction Memory
Function memory is convenient for temporary storage of often-used expressions.
For longer term storage, we recommend that you use the GRAPH Mode for expres-
sions and the PRGM Mode for programs.
uu
uu
uTo display the Function Memory Menu
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)
1(STO) ........ Stores functions
2(RCL) ........ Recalls functions
3(fn) ............ Specifies input as a function.
4(SEE) ........ Displays a list of stored functions
uu
uu
uTo store a function
Example To store the function (A+B) (A–B) as function memory number 1.
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)A
(aA+aB)
(aA-aB)
1(STO)
1(f1)
• If the function memory number you assign a function to already contains a func-
tion, the previous function is replaced with the new one.
1 - 2 Memory
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uu
uu
uTo recall a function
Example To recall the contents of function memory number 1
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)A
2(RCL)
1(f1)
• The recalled function appears at the current location of the cursor on the display.
uu
uu
uTo display a list of available functions
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)
4(SEE)
uu
uu
uTo delete a function
Example To delete the contents of function memory number 1
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)A
1(STO)
1(f1)
• Executing the store operation while the display is blank deletes the function in the
function memory you specify.
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uu
uu
uTo use stored functions
Once you store a function in memory, you can recall it and use it for a calculation.
This feature is very useful for quick and easy input of functions when programming
or graphing.
Example To store x3+ 1, x2+ xinto function memory, and then graph:
y= x3+ x2+ x+ 1
Use the following View Window parameters.
Xmin = –4 Ymin = –10
Xmax = 4 Ymax = 10
Xscale = 1 Yscale = 1
!Zc1(Y=)J
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)
AvMd+b
1(STO)1(f1)(stores (x3+ 1))
Avx+v
1(STO)2(f2)(stores (x2+ x))
A!4(Sketch)1(Cls)w
!4(Sketch)5(GRPH)1(Y=)
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)
3(fn)1(f1)+2(f2)w
• For full details about graphing, see “8. Graphing”.
kk
kk
kMemory Status (MEM)
You can check how much memory is used for storage for each type of data. You can
also see how many bytes of memory are still available for storage.
uu
uu
uTo check the memory status
1. In the Main Menu, select the MEM icon and
pressw.
2. Press wagain to display the memory status
screen.
1 - 2 Memory
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29
3. Use fand cto move the highlighting and view the amount of memory (in
bytes) used for storage of each type of data.
The following table shows all of the data types that appear on the memory status
screen.
Data Type Meaning
Program Program data
Statistics Statistical calculations and graphs
Matrix Matrix memory data
List File List data
Y= Graph functions
Draw Memory Graph drawing conditions (View Window,
enlargement/reduction factor, graph
screen)
Graph Memory Graph memory data
View Window View Window memory data
Picture Graph screen data
Dynamic Graph Dynamic Graph data
Table Function Table & Graph data
Recursion Recursion Table & Graph data
Equation Equation calculation data
Alpha Memory Alpha memory data
Function Mem Function memory data
Memory 1 - 2

30
kk
kk
kClearing Memory Contents
You have a choice of two differenct procedures that you can use to clear memory
contents.
• Clearing specific data within a selected data type
• Clearing all data within a specific data type
uu
uu
uTo clear specific data within a selected data type
1. In the memory status screen, use fand cto move the highlighting to the
data type you want to clear.
2. Press 1(DEL). If you selected a data type that contains multiple memory ar-
eas, a function menu like the one shown below appears to let you specify which
memory you want to clear.
3. Press the function key that corresponds to the data you want to clear.
4. Press 1(YES) to clear the data or 6(NO) to abort the operation without
clearing anything.
uu
uu
uTo clear all data within a specific data type
1. In the memory status screen, use fand cto move the highlighting to the
data type whose data you want to clear.
2. Press 1(DEL). The following confirmation menu appears if you selected a data
type in which all data can be cleared by a single operation.
3. Press 1(YES) to clear the data or 6(NO) to abort the operation without
clearing anything.
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*This menu appears when you
select List File.
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1-3 Option (OPTN) Menu
The option menu gives you access to scientific functions and features that are not marked on
the calculator’s keyboard.The contents of the option menu differ according to the mode you are
in when you press the Kkey.
uu
uu
uOption Menu in the RUN and PRGM Modes
K
1(LIST)....... List function menu
2(MAT) ....... Matrix operation menu
3(CPLX) ..... Complex number calculation menu
4(CALC)..... Functional analysis menu
5(STAT) ...... Paired-variable statistical estimated value menu
6(g) ........... Next menu
6(g)
2(HYP) ....... Hyperbolic calculation menu
3(PROB) .... Probability/distribution calculation menu
4(NUM) ...... Numeric calculation menu
5(ANGL)..... Menu for angle/coordinate conversion, sexagesimal input/con-
version
6(g) ........... Next menu
6(g)
1(ESYM) .... Engineering symbol menu
2(PICT) ...... Graph save/recall menu
3(FMEM).... Function memory menu
4(LOGIC) ... Logic operator menu
6(g) ........... Previous menu
Note that the Kkey is disabled while binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal is set
as the default number system.
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uu
uu
uOption Menu during numeric data input in the STAT, MAT, LIST,
TABLE, RECUR and EQUA Modes
K
6(g)
The meanings of the option menu items are described in the sections that cover
each mode.
uu
uu
uOption Menu during formula input in the GRAPH, DYNA, TABLE
and RECUR Modes
K
6(g)
The meanings of the option menu items are described in the sections that cover
each mode.
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1-4 Variable Data (VARS) Menu
You can use the variable data menu to recall the data listed below.
• View Window values
• Enlargement/reduction factor
• Single-variable/paired-variable statistical data
• Graph functions
• Dynamic Graph set up data
• Table & Graph table range and table contents
• Recursion formula, table range, and table contents
• Equation coefficients and solutions
The variable data menu does not appear if you press Jwhile binary, octal, deci-
mal, or hexadecimal is set as the default number system.
To recall variable data, press Jto display the variable data menu.
J
1(V-WIN) .... View Window values
2(FACT) ..... xand y-axis enlargement/reduction factor
3(STAT)...... Single/paired-variable statistical data
4(GRPH) .... Graph functions stored in the GRAPH Mode
5(DYNA) .... Dynamic Graph set up data
6(g) ........... Next menu
6(g)
1(TABL)...... Table & Graph function table range and table contents
2(RECR) .... Recursion formula table range and table contents
3(EQUA) .... Solutions and coefficients of linear equations with two through
six unknowns, quadratic equations, and cubic equations
6(g) ........... Previous menu
• Note that the EQUA item appears for function key3only when you access the
variable data menu from the RUN or PRGM Mode.
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uu
uu
uTo recall View Window values
Pressing 1(V-WIN) while the variable data menu is on the screen displays a View
Window value menu.
1(V-WIN)
1(X) ............ x-axis menu
2(Y) ............ y-axis menu
3(T,
θ ) .......... T, θ menu
4(R-X) ........ x-axis menu for Dual Graph right hand screen
5(R-Y) ........ y-axis menu for Dual Graph right hand screen
6(R-T, θ ) ...... T, θ menu for Dual Graph right hand screen
The following menu appears whenever you press 1(X), 2(Y), 4(R-X), or 5
(R-Y) while the View Window value menu is on the display.
1(min)......... Minimum
2(max)........ Maximum
3(scal) ........ Scale
The following menu appears whenever you press 3(T, θ ) or 6(R-T, θ ) while the
view window value menu is on the display.
1(min)......... Minimum
2(max)........ Maximum
3(ptch)........ Pitch
uu
uu
uTo recall enlargement and reduction factors
Pressing 2(FACT) while the variable data menu is on the screen displays an
enlargement/reduction factor menu.
2(FACT)
1(Xfct) ........ x-axis enlargement/reduction factor
2(Yfct) ........ y-axis enlargement/reduction factor
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1 - 4 Variable Data (VARS) Menu