Casio V.P.A.M fx-100s User manual

}x-100s
}x-I15s
}x-570s
}x-991s
ENGLISH
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CASIO
®

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FUNCTION
KEYS
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to
rectangulari;
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Random
number
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Imaginary
number
Real.+
Imaginary
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memory
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[|
Conetation
cootficent|
358
[Estimator
[asa
When
inserting
the
unit
into
the-Hard
case,
be
sure
to
correctly
align
the
tabs
of
the
case
with
the
grooves
on
the
sides
of
the
unit,
and
then
slide
the
unit
in
place.
(fx-570s/991s)
o ~
a LEER TERT. $775 7 ©
[fx-1158)"
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3
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:
Joba Ge ort raat 3)
a
RE
Congratulations
on
your
selection
of
a
CASIO
Scien-
tific
Calculator.
Though
operation
of
this
calculator
is
quite
simple,
we
suggest
that
you
read
this
operation
manual
to
become
familiar
with
the
many
features
and
functions
that
are
now
at
your
fingertips.
.
To
help
ensure
years
of
trouble-free
operation,
do
not
touch
the
inside
of
the
calculator,
avoid
strong
impact,
and
do
not
press
on
the
keys
with
undue
force.
Also
remember
that
extreme
cold
(below
0°C
or
32°F),
heat
(above
40°C
or
104
°F),
and
humidity
can
have
an
af-
fect
on
the
functions
of
the
calculator.
Never
use
lac-
quer
thinner,
benzine,
or
other
volatile
fluids
to
clean
the
calculator.
For
servicing,
contact
your
retailer
or
anearby
dealer.
|
Before
starting
a
calculation,
be
sure
to
press
the
key
and
confirm
that-’’0.”’
is
shown
on
the
display.
*
Special
care
should
be
taken
to
avoid
damaging
the
unit
by
bending
or
dropping
it,
For
example,
do
not
carry
it
in-your
hip
pocket.
--
Saver
«faye,
Tae
Ste
SOME
PR
ees
me
Bie
rn
rae
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|
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INDEX.::.
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1LOPERATIONAL
FLOW
22
7
2/BEFORE
BEGINNING
CALCULATIONS..........
15
'
3/
CALCULATION
RANGE
AND:SCI
5
zyor
24
NOTATION
20.
1288
RS
Lo.
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4
/
CORRECTIONS
000.2.
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7
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5/OVERFLOW:OR
ERROR
CHECK
Schsctacesenicee
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6/POWER
SOURCE
...it..00.
cece,
wage
25
EESPECIFICA
TIONS...
ccratuscrersorvsscecsessscatesnmen
DE,
.
8/
NORMAL
CALCULATIONS
xs.
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222
9/BINARY/OCT
MAI.
|
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CALCULATIONS
-
ercriacccncecccccin
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25H
10/
SCIENTIFIC
'CONSTANT:-FUNCTIONS!
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|
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222!
11/FUNCTION
CALCULATIONS
©:
(ith!
|.
12/COMPLEX
NUMBER
CALCULATIONS
~~~
13
STATISTICAL
CALCULATIONS:
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|.
94:
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1/OPERATIONAL FLOW
1-1 Key Markings
Each of the keys is assigned a number of different func-
tions. The key illustrated here, for example, has three
different functions.
10* XOR
The following table shows how you access each of the
Rey s functions.
To access °
i
This function is accessed whenever you |
press the key. ee
This function is accessed whenever you
press this key while in the BASE-N °::3;
Mode.
ae
: i A ah
Keys are marked using various colors: 1 he
table provides the meaning of each color. used for key,
markings. : oe tes
+ oboe aa
“Color -| -
5 tr §
i
“Tyee
Function accessed .when*the:keyis3
pressed while. the UNIt=iS i the:
Mode. ARIAS VODA
a oe ee ee
Function accessed ‘when; the; ke
pressed while the unit is in the S Je
(standard deviation) or LR Mode {linear
regression).
mpi ak
| 7G
ae Spe
pane
PSH 6 bee
Function accessed when the key is
pressed while the unit is in the CMPLX
Mode (complex number).
1-2 Modes |
Before beginning any calculation, you must first tell the
calculator what type of operation you are about to per-
form. You do this by specifying the proper mode. Use
the mode menu to apecity the mode that you want.
@ Specifying a Calculation Mode
1. Specifying the COMP Mode, SD Mode, LR
Mode, CMPLX Mode |
(1) Press the bog key and Mode Specification Menu No.
1 appears as shown below."
he masa sos ae ea
rr FeO # Sa ae
ees oo a Wy
@ I Press ‘the. number key. that.c Rottesponds to the cal-
culation,
mode,
you,
want
.
to-specify.
*
SOWIE
>
‘The following describes, the meaning ofeach made.
e
(1)
-
COMP
Modes=
oes
Specify this mode,to perform general calculations, i
cluding
fufiction’calélaations!*The
unitiof
angulerintew
surement
is'the:
last;
one+you
urspecified?
.
esse
e
(2)
-
-§$D
‘Mode
OMi2S
amepags
&
at)
tir
or
Ota
hee
| Specify thissmede_to perform standard deviation cal-
{ culgtions::The ‘’SO/é indicator isahown on the display,
4 when. the unit: is: in.the;SD- ents
2\ = 6 (3)'LR Mod isplay
' Specify this modgito pe
| latiénsé The Reid
| when the' unit iano he Pa
ERS po tes
“ Lut 3 is if TP ef 7: ie
ar regression,
FYB ty FS as ca
Rey TOR os Lo
Speceyv the number of cecena pieces.
_ AP :
a ead

¢ (4) - CMPLX Mode 2 Press the number key that corresponds to the unit
Specify this mode to perform complex number calcu of angular measurement mode you want to scecify.
lations.
The
‘‘CMPLX”’
indicator
is
shown
on
the
dis
The
following
describes
the
meaning
of
each
mode.
play
when
the
unit
is
in
the
CMPLX
Mode.
+
[7]
-
DEG
Mode
ar Use this mode to specify degrees as the unrt of angu-
a Specifying the BASE-N Mode lar measurement. The ‘DEG” indicator is shown on the
J Press the key five times and Mode Specifica display when the unit is in the DEG Made.
tion
Menu
No.
5
appears
as
shown
below.
«
2}
-
RAD
Mode
Use this mode to specify radians as the unit of angutar
measurement. The RAD” indicator is shown on the
BASEN display when the unit is in the RAD Mode
1 + (3) - GRA Mode
Use this mode to specify grads as the umit of argular
measurement. The '’GRA”’ indicator is shown on the
om display when the unit is in the GRA Made.
(2) Press the number
Mode Key to specify the BASE-h «The DEG, RAD, and GRA modes can be used in any
calculation mode except the BASE-N Mode.
‘ = Whenever power is switched off by the Auto Power
Ui} - BASE-N Mode Off function, restonng power automatiaily enters the
Enter this mode t rfor inary
G Pemorm conversion between binary act mode you were in when power switched off.
octal,
decimal
and
hexadecimal
number
systems,
or
tc
perform
logical
operator
calculations.
The
‘‘BASE-N’™
fe
en
:
indicator
is
shown
on
the
display
when
the
unit
is
ir
Specifying
a
Display
Mode
the BASE-N Mode. ‘1, Press the bea] key three times and Mode Specifica-
"The
COMP,
SD,
LR,
CMPLX
and
BASE-N
modes
are
#09
Menu
No.
3
appears
as
shown
below.
all
independent
of
each
other.
You
cannot
use
ther
in
any
combination.
Whenever
power
is
switched
of!
FIX
sc
MOR
by
the
Auto
Power
Off
function,
restoring
power
au-
tomatically
enters
the
last
mode
you
were
in
wher
power
switched
off.
1
2
3
M Specifying an Angie Unit Mode 2, Press the number key that corresponds to the dis-
(1) Press the key two times and Mode Specifica. Play mode you want to specify.
tion Menu No. 2 appears as shown below. The foliowing describes the meaning of each mode.
« (1) - FIX Mode
Use this mode to specify the number of decimal places
to the right of the decimal point. The ‘'FIX"’ indicator
is shown on the display when the unrt is in the Fix
Mode.
When you enter this mode, the message "0 ~ 9?"' ap
pears on the display. Press a number key from (Qj to
to specify the number of decimal places.
—~9- -~10-

Example:
To
specify
three
places
to
the
right
of
the4,
Press
the
number
(1)
key
to
specify
the
ENG
Mode.
decimal
point.
ae
¢
G1)
-
ENG
Mode
(ooce)
fone) moor)
(4) (3)
While
in
the
COMP
Mode
you
can
specify
the
ENG
°
(2)
-
SCI
Mode
2
Ea
Mode
to
input
engineering
symbols
and
use
them
Use
this
mode
to
specify
the
number
of
significani'
Calculations.
The
‘‘ENG”’
indicator
is
shown
on
digits.
The
‘SCI’
indicator
is
shown
on
the
dispiaythe
display
when
the
unit
is
in
the
ENG
Mode.
See
when
the
unit
is
in
the
SC}
Mode.
‘Engineering
symbol
calculations’’
on
page
243
of
this
When
you
enter
this
mode,
the
message
('0|~
9?’
ap-
manual
for
details.
pears
on
the
display.
Press
a
number
key
from
(0)
tc
:
to
specify
the
number
of
Significant,
digits.
Important!
,
fie
tiGwaianit:
dioi
When
you
use
the
fg
key
to
sélect
a
mode,
modes
ekarnbles
10
Specify
five
significant
clalts.
that
cannot
be
entered:
from
the
‘current
mode/are
Goce
coe)
fecoe)
(2)
pee
as
___
skipped.
If
you
are
in
the
BASE-N
Mode,
for
example,
*
(3)
-
NORM
1/NORM
2
Mode
~-
=|
~~
~——si
the
Angle
pecification
Mode
is
skipped.
Specify
this
mode
to
cancel
the
number.
of
decima
place
and
number
of
significant
digit
specifications.
ane
ae
ws
aa,
+
Baa
When
you
enter
this
mode,
the
message:"1
~
22’
1-3
The
Disp!
ay
rer
ee
Exponent
pears
on
the
display.
Press
the
number
key
(7)
or
fp
|
a
one
RAD NORM GRA ENG MK R—|
to
specify
one
of
the
two
modes
as
descri
below.
i
UR
BASE-6
CAPLX
than
10°°
are
displayed
using
exponentiat
format.
:|
@
|
“NORM
2
Mode
-
Values
less
than
107},
and
greate
2
VJ!
than
10”
are
displayed
using
exponential
format
=
“The
FIX,
SCI,
and
NORM
“1
/NORM
Eadlntaeg
gd
errr
inom
Matisse:
2s
obie
oe
nokte-r
on.
independent
of
each
other.
You
‘cannot
usb'them
in|
i,
Ae
PEP
=F
Cus.
-Malue
type.indicator
nd
Rite
Poet
ee
power
is
switched
off
by
.
ie
eee
omallie
Mite
bi
OREE
erences
se}
the
Auto
Power
function,
restoring
power
auto.
se
ian
it
data:i
esmediate
results
matically
enters
the
last
mode
you
were
in
when
The
display:shows
inp
data;
inte
es
me
power
switched
off..
results-of
calculations.
The-mantissa
section
di
pve
Eee
td
up
to.10
digits.
The
exponent.section
displays,
up
ta
,
:
fe
+
ee
Oe
a
ened
acpige:
Teal
Sa
A
armen
tine
sem
ene
ft
eases
ior
a
’
@
Press
the
fe
key
one
more
time
ah
Mode
Specifiz
aA
e26
eve.e
—
MAC
cation
Menu
No.
4
appears
as
shown:
below.
.-4
“SE
<".
:
i
sah, —thyp FIX DEG SCI
“NORM
1
Mode
-
Values
less
than
‘107?
and
SIND
cone
SD
__
AR
SASEN
Curt
ton
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Data
stored
in
memory,
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Constant
calculation
(page
226)
SUID
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wale

R++|
Imaginary
number
part
(page|
324)
SD
SD
Mode
(page
343)
LR
LR
Mode
(page
351)
CMPLX
CMPLX
Mode
(page
324)
BASE-N
BASE-N
Mode
(page
251)
DEG or RAD Unit of angular measurement (page
or GRA ~310)
FIX
Number
of
decimal
places
(page
316
SCl
Number
of
significant
digits
(page
316
NORM
NORM
1/NORM
2
Mode
(page
11)
ENG
ENG
Mode
(page
243)
©
In
addition
to
the
above
indicators,
the
4-character
do
area
in
the
upper
left
of
the
display
shows
the
calcula
tion
command
symbol
(sin,
cos,
etc.):or
the
equal:
symbol.
The
dot
area
in
the
lower
right
of
the
displa
shows
the
arithmetic
operation
symbols.
ie)
~
MExponential
Displays
©
«2
During
normal
calculation;
this
calculatoris
capable
o
displaying
values
up
to
10
digits
long.
The
calculate
automatically
switches
over
to
exponential
notation
fo
any
value
greater
than
9,999,999,
999.
The
lower
limi
You can se
lect. between NORM 1 and NORM
ithe
following
procedure...
../
3)
A. Gove} fsooe] fone) (3) OE Veh yaie Ty &
2. Press (1) for NORM 1 or () for.NORM 2. /--
foun
cot
NGS)
tal
ADEA
ONE
GEE
There
is
no
indication
of
which
mode
is
currently
ine
fect,
but
you
can
confirm'the'
mode
by
Resorming:
{
xs it PERL
st sty st
anette
following
calculation.:'
9i
Dees
s1eu
(ALS
gyec!
ies mete
oe
—
(HORM
1
mee
©
FE
0.008]
ion
2
moses
bd
(All
of
the
example
in
this
manual
show
calculation
results
using
the
NORM
1
mode.)
@
Special
Display
Formats
Note
that
special
display
formats
are
used
for
fraction-
al,
hexadecimal,
sexagesimal
(base
60)
values
and
complex
number.
¢
Fraction
Display
Format
: . 12
|
aS
_.
©
Hexadecimal
Display
Format
s
"Display of ABCDEF 12:8
| & ~1412567278n0
>
re a
AbCdEF12
¢
Sexagesimal
Display
Format
_
-
DiSplay
‘of
'12°34°56:78""
vw a ee
12°34°56.78
|...
Ee
Fy
ore
a
ee
ENE
eg
ee
BTS
e-Com
x:
Number-Displa
Format.
.:
.
wae?
Fay
f
:
tis
iar
Display
of
2
+
3i
(Real
number
display)
PERE
Sis
22
ie5ga4
Da
the
UA
3 &-3 %
: (Imaginary number display}
°

2/BEFORE BEGINNING CALCULATIONS
@ Formula Input (V.P.A.M. System)
The V.P.A.M. System of this calculator lets you sim-
ply input a formula just as it is written, and then press
the E& key to obtain the result. The execution of
arithmetic operations, functions and expressions wi-
thin parentheses are automatically performed in the
correct priority sequence.
*Be sure to press the Gig key before starting any new
calculation.
Example 1: 2 x (3 + 4) =
GS 2&3
tJ 3G9
Example 2: sin30 = 0.5
~f5—.
*Co pound function
Art ng contained. within, ‘parentheses
@ Calculation Priority Sequence
The calculation priority sequence is used in mathemat-
ics to decide which operation should be performed first.
This calculator automatically assigns the calculation
priority sequence shown below.
(1) Type A Functions (where the value is entered first
and then the function key is pressed)
x, x’, x!, NEG (in the BASE-N Mode)
2) Powers, roots CoN
Coordinate conversions _ R-P, PR .
Permutations, conbinations . aPr, nCr
(3) Type B Functions (where the function key is pressed
and then the value is entered).
Vv, Vv, log, In, €*, 10%, sin, cos, tan, sin~" , 60s”?
tan~', sinh, cosh,-tanh, sinh7', cosh” , tanh",
NOT {in the BASE-N Mode) - -
(4) Multiplication, division ineand constant calcula-
tions) © =X, +.
©)
Addition,
subtraction
(including
constant
calcula-
tions)
~~
+,
(6)
(6)
AND.
ae
@
OR,
XOR,
XNOR-
*When functions with the same priority sequence are
used in series, they_are executed from right to left
[eXInv120-e* | in(v:120)}]. Other expressions of the
nang priority sequence are performed from left to
right
} In the Anse Mode
wy 2 Oey
tions are executed right to left. ~
highest
priority.
:
as
:
are
Example:
|
_
2
+
SREISGE
seintaaae
6:8)
=
-
22wr
ds
hextRAD
2 (a@figiblic 1s irs ae
Inpfoges si6 t
abe Tipit a! An@ lig ainls em ama 1989 978 RSP,
Gaxe oriF Yer etic ib f bas szzitrtebss ,

M@ Number of Stacks
This
calculator
uses
‘‘stack
memory’
for
temporary
storage
of
low
priority
numeric
values
and
commands
(functions,
etc},
The
numeric
stack
has
6
levels.
while
the
command
stack
has
18.
lf
a
complex
calculation
exceeds
the
Capacity
of
the
stack,
and
error
occurs
(indicated
by
‘’~€
—'’
on
the
display).
3)=-18
Command stack
“Calculations
are
performed
in
sequence,
with
the
highest
priority
operation
first.
Once
a
calculation
is
executed,
it
is
cleared
from
the
stack.
@
Number
of
Input/Output
Digits
and
Calculation
Digits
The
allowable
input/output
range
(number
of
digits)
is
10
digits
for
a
mantissa,
and
2
digits
for
an
exponent.
Calculations
are
performed
internally
with
12
digits
for
the mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent.
ae ir ae
meee
Example: 3 x 105=7 =
C3457
42857
14286
ete
:
0.1428571
@ Memory
This
unit
contains
7
standard
memories.
There
are
two
basic
types
of
memories.
‘‘Variable’’
memories
which
are
accessed
by
using
the
Bee]
Sta
or
Sa
(fx-115s)
and
[a]
keys
in
combination
with
the
7
letters
of
the
al-
phabet,
and
‘‘independent’’
memory,
which
ts
access-
ed
by
using
the
=
Gm).
GF)
(or
KQ(M)
)
and
Sar}
ie
keys.
Contents of both of the variable and independent
memories are protected even when power is turned
OFF.
“Variable memory and independent memory utilize the
same memory area.
* Variable memories
Up to 7 values can be retained in memory at the same
ume, and can be recalled when desired.
Example: inputting 123 into memory ‘‘A’’.
123 123
fer} Bra (A)
va
Lu
aa
(A)
123.
—18-