Cessna 402B 1973 User manual

CNSSNA
'{OR: PEOPLE EUY AND
rTY CESSNA AIRPIANES
"THAN ANY OTHEN '*AKE
r973
V/OTtD'S TATGEST PRO.
DUCET OF GENTRAL
AYIATION AIRCNAIT
stNcE 1956
BUSINESSLINER
and
UTILILINER
b-b- L
r:,
O\MNIEFTS
MANUAL

PERFORMANCE AND SPECIFICATIONS
GRG95 $'E]CHT:
T*roil
bnding
SPEED BEST POWER ]JTXTUru:
i'.rrr1u: 14 lOD ll_
lli;ri munr Rc.o.rrread€d Crursc
_5 ; P@Fr i.:0 OOr (:.
b:IG€, XORITA! LEAN MXTURE:
Yuirrunr Recon:.r.Ddcd Crr js,l
i-a po.j.. Jr ,O,ono fl
60r jos I )o Res. F.,.
ij. Por-r il IC.0l1 fr
3i! lb:., Io RFsr*r!
?: , F.rer I 10. OIO f.,
ll8C rbs., Io Rcse-.e
15 r Por.F. rt 2u. Oot {,
610 toc.. No qe<nH,d
li : Porcr r.21,000 fr.
310 lhg. \o Rcq'nF
71. por, r r' ?0,001 !r.
ICSC ri Sr Ra/1a
nlirin:L'i hxge
10.000 t1., 600 lbs.. No Resen.e
10, 000 Ir , 3{0 lbs., No Rrsepe
10, Om tr., 1080 lbs_, No Res€F.c
25.0t0 tl. . 5& lbs-. )io Rlsen,e
?5, &0 tt., 6{0 lbs.. ^'o RaspF..r
21. 000 fl.. 1080 jbs_, :io R.s€s,e
R{TE OF CLiIIB AT SEA LEVEL:
lii- E.1nrr
S nilo rnJ,n-
SERUCE CEILNIG:
trr I E..+nc
TAKEOFF PERFORIL{NCE: Trtelt SFed {105:dpHl
Cro:ri n"'
Totrl Dlsurce Orer 5b-fodL Obsticr€
LsNDI\6 pERFORIANCE: Apfroach SF4d (tlt tlpH)
Cr..,Fd tur
Tru\ Drshncc O"er j0-Ioot es6cja
ELIPTY WEIcHT: (AFprnr:h1rh)
BAOCA6E ALIOWANCS:
,UNC LNADI\C:
POWER lOADlllCj
FUEL CAPr01'1 16141
St1,d., - 1
O! onr: .iu\rlrrr\ Trrk-
Optronil Au:iliarf Tirls r d Winq bc!ef Txds
OIL CAPACIT}: TOTAL
Ef,_Gf,_Es:
Conliren bl 6:Cvtind.r TJ:bochf g@
F;cl Irj"ch?'Er-ineq
300 &ld HP ir 2?00 Pro!€ltcr RFtf and
3t,5 ltP ,o J6. uUO t{
PROPELLERS:
Consulnl Sf?d, tu[ Feerhe:i.g. Tirae Bladcd
i6.5 Dia))erei
r590 lirs lor tle Uhlliliner
5300 tbs
6200 tbs
. 26I n:ph
240 D ph.
3.05 hrs
216 mph.
. 924 nri.
- 4. 2? h!s.
216 nph
I186 nii.
. 5. 19 h.s
216 n'ph-
- 69{ m)-
- 2 91h.s
236 o,ph
. q.12 hrs.
?J6 hph.
. l?48 nr.
. 5. 29 h.s-
236 n.pb
. 806 tr,r_
4. ?0 hrs.
l7? mph.
. ll31 hi-
6- 58 Irs.
172 mph.
. l{53 mi,
3. t5 hrs.
l?2 nrpi.
. 8!8 nri.
3. t6 nrs.
2 I 5 n:ph_
2I5 n,pn.
l{54 r,i-
6. ?6 hrs.
215 d ph.
1610 lph
225 ipm-
26. I80 Ir
rr,320 tt
1595 tr.
222t t\.
7;1 tt.
1765 tt.
930 lbsr
32. 2 lbs, ,sq. ft
10. 5 lbs../hp
IDZ $ls.
143 eds-
184 gals.
6.5 fils
m10-520 -E
3rF32G?rrl82Nc-5.5

CONGRATULATIONS
Welcome to the ianks of Cessna owners.' Your Cessna h:rs b€en designed and con-
structed to give you the most in performance, economy, and comfort. It is our de-
sire that you will find flying it, either for business or plea.sure, a pleasant and prof-
itable experience,
This Owner's Manual has been prepared as a guide to help you get the most pleas-
ure and utility from your aircraft. It contains information about your Cessna's
equipment, operating procedures, and performance; and suggestions for its servicing'
and care. We urge you to read it fron cover to cover, and to refer to it frequenily,
our interest in your flying pleasure has not ceased \plth your purchase of a cessna.
worldrvide the cessna Dealer orgalization backed by the cessna service Department
stands ready to serve you. The following services are offered b5r most Cessna
Dealers:
THE CESSNA WARRANTY -- it is designed to provide you with the most compre-
hensive coverage possible:
a- No exclusions
b. Coverage includes palts and labor
c. Available at CessnaDealers worldv,/ide
d. Best in the industry
Specific benefits atd Provisions of-the waranty plus other important benefits for
you are contained in your warrarty alld ownerrs service Folicy Booklet supplied
with your aircraJt. Warranty service is available to you at any auttrorized Cessna
Dealer throughout the world upon presentation of your Warranty and Owner's Ser-
vice Policy Booklet which establishes your e[gibility undei the warranty.
FAcroRY TRAINED PERSONNEL to provide you with courteous expert service.
FACTORY APPROVED SERWCE EQUIPMfl{T to provide you with the most effi-
cient and accurate workmanship possible.
A STOCK OF GENUINE CESSNA SERVICE PARTS on hand when you need them.
THE LATEST AUTHORITATWE INFORMATION FOR SERVICING CESSNA AIR-
CRAFT, since CessnaDealers have all of ttre Service Maluals and parts Catalogs,
kept current by service Letters and service News Letters, published by cessna -
Aircraft Company.
We urge all Cessna owners to use the CessnaDealer Orgarlzation to the fullest.
A cu$ent cessna Dealer Directory accoEpanies your new aircrajt. The Directory
is revised frequently, and a current copy can be obtained from your cessna Dealer.
Malre your DirectorJ one ol your cross-country flight plaruring aids; a warm welcome
awaits you at every Cessna Dealer,

*Maximum height of aircraft with
nose gear depressed is 11' 10"
7t 4tl
PRI N CI PAL
DIMENSIONS

-7
-
40e TABLE OF CONTENTS
Poge
sEcilo N I
sEcTroN lt
OPERATING CHECKLIST """:"""""'
DESCR,IPTION AND
OPERATING DETAILS
l-l
2-l
SECTION III - EMERGENCY PROCEDUR,ES 3-I
SECTION IV - OPERATING TIMITATIONS 4-I
SECT|ON V - CARE OF rltE AtRCRAFT ............ 5-l
owNER FOTLOW-UP SYSTEM ....-.-.----..... 5-6
SECTION VI - OPER.ATIONAL DATA 6.I
sEcTloN vil - opTtoNAL sysTEMs.--....... 7-r
ALPHABETICAI INDEX ........ |ndex - I
lll

INSTRUMENT PANET
456
9
lo
1l
l2
13
14
l5
t6
t7
18
l9
t
2
3
5
b
LOCATOR BEACON (OPTIONAL)
ANNUNCIATOR PANEL
FLIGHT INSTRUM ENT GROUP
AVIONICS CONTROL PANEL
(OPTIONAL)
ENGINE INSTRUMENT GROUP
FUEL QUANTITY 5ELTCTOR 5WITCH
(OPTIONAL)
ECONOMY MIXTURE IND ICATOR
(oPTroNAL)
RIGHT.HAND FLIGHT INSTRUM ENT
GROUP (OPilONAL)
HEATER AND CABIN AIR CONTROL PANEL
FLAP POSITION SWITCH
AUTOPILOT CONTROL HEAD (OPTIONAL)
RUDDER TRIM CONTROL
COWL FLAP CONTROLS
AILERON TRIM CONTROL
ELEVATOR TRIM CONTROL
OXYGEN CONTROL
LANDING GEAR POSITION SWITCH
ALTERNATE AIR CONTROLS
SWITCH AND CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL
(sEE FTGURE 2-5 )
tv

SEGTION !
OPERATING CHECKLIST
One of the first steps in obtaining the uhnost performance, service,
and flying enjoyment from your Cessna Model 4O2B is to familiarize your-
sell with your aircra-ftts equipment, systems, and controls. This can
best be done while sitting in the aircra-ft. Those items whose functions
and operation are not obvious are covered in Section.II.
Section I lists in Checklist Form, the steps necessary to operate your
aircraft efficiently and safely. It covers briefly all the points that you
should know concerning the information you need for a typical flight.
The flight and operational characteristics of your aircra-ft are normal
in all respects. A11 controls respond in the normal way within the entire
range of operation. AII airspeeds mentioned in Sections I and tr are in-
dicated airspeeds unless otherwise noted. Corresponding calibrated
airspeeds may be obtained from the Airspeed Calibration Chart in Sec-
tion VI.
MAKE A PREFLIGIIT INSPECTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH FIGURE 1-1.
BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINES
(1) Preflight Inspection - COMPLETE.
(2) Cabin Door Safety - I"ATCHED.
(3) Crew Door - (if installed) - CITOSED and LOCKED.
(4) Control Inck - OFF.
(5) Seat, Seat Belts and Shoulder Harness - ADJUST and SECURE.
(6) Landing Gear Switch - DOWN.
(7) Emergency Power Switch - OFF.
(8) Voltage Regulator Switih - IrvIA.IN.
(9) Circuit Breakers - IN.
(10) Switches - OFF.
(11) Auxiliary FueI Pump Switches - OFF.
(12) Radios - OFF.
(13) Magneto Switches - OFF.
(ta) Battery and Alternators - ON.
1-1

PREFLIGHT
IN SPECTI ON
NOTE
Visually check inspection
plates and general air- .
craft condition during
walk-around inspection.
If night flight is planneq
check operation'of all
lights and make sure a
fla€hught is available.
a"
b.
c.
d.
e.
I
h.
k.
a
b.
d.
f.
h.
i.
k
L
a.
n,
o.
Conbol I4ck - nEMOVE ud.STOW.
Parking Brale - sET.
All switches - oFF.
Itrling Gear Switch - DOSfN.
Battery Seitch - ON.
F\el Gages - CSECK QUANrIIY md OPERATION.
Flaps - EXTEND.
Ireft Fuel Selector - LEFT MAIN (feel for detent).
Right F\rel Selector - RIGIIT MAIN (feel for detent).
Trim Tab Controls (3) - NEUIBAL.
Ocygen - CHECK QUANUTY, MASKS ed EOSES - OFF.
Battery Comparhent Cover - SECURE.
Wing Irccker Baggage Door - SECUnE.
Flap - CHECK SEfitRfff ana ATTACEMEITT.
Wing Locker Fuel Sump - DnAIN.
Control Suface Lock - REtrilOVE.
Aileron ard Teb - gflECK CONDIIION, FREDOM OF
MOVEMENT and TAB PGITION.
Main Tank t\rel S"*p - DRAIN.
Fuelvent ald Sniffle Valve - CLEAn.
trfain Tank Fuel Quantity - CIrECK, CAP SESURE.
Tip Tanl Transfer Punrp - LISTEN FOR OPERATION.
StaI Warning Vane - CEECI( FREDOM OF MOVEMENT.
WrDg Tle Dom - REMOVE.
Auiltary Ta.o* Fuel Quantity - CHECK, CAP SECURE.
Auiuary Tank ald Wing Locher Tralsler Line Fuel S\uU' -
DRAIN.
WIDg Locker Tar-k Fuel Vent - CLEAn.
Figure 1-1 (Sheet 1 of 2)
t-2

b.
d.
e.
t.
L
b.
d,
s.
h.
L
b.
d.
c.
i.
j.
k-
6. b.
c.
d.
L
h.
j.
I
m.
n.
tta. b.
d.
f.
Wing Locker Fuel Tenk Fbel Quatity - CEECK, CAP SECIIRE.
Fuel Strainer - DRAIN.
Cowl FIap - SECURE.
Eagire Compartment General Conditlon - CHECIC
Oil Level - CEECK, MINIMUM I QUARTS.
Propeller ad Spiuer - E>(AMINE FOR NICKS, SECURITY ald
OIL LEAKS.
CowI Flap - SECURE.
Main Gear, Shut, Doors and Ttre - CHECK.
Leading Edge Air Inta.ke - CLEAR,
Cros6 Feed Line - DRAIN.
Baggage Door - SECURE.
Avimics Bay Dmr - SECURE.
Nose Gear, Strut, Dmrs and fire - CllECK.
Pitot Cover 0f Instaued) - REMOVE, Pitot Tube - CLEAR.
fie Dom - REMOVE.
Ileater Inlet - CLEAR.
Avionics Bay Door - SEqURE.
Baggage Door - SECURE.
CrGsfeed Line - DRAIN.
I€ading Edge A1r Inta&e - CLEAR.
MaiD Gear, Strut, Doors ild Tire - CHECIC
Cowl Ftrap - SECURE.
Air Conditidring Outlet Air Openlng - CTEAR (if installed).
Wing Locker Tank F\rel Quantiiy - gIiECK, CAp SECIIRE.
OiI lcvel. - CIIECK, MINIMUU I Q{IARTS.
Engine Coryart4eut Gen*al-Condillon - CSECIC
Prqeller ard SDimer - EXAMfNE FOR NICKS, SECIIRITY md
OIL LEAKS.
Cowl Flap - SECURE.
Fuel Straiaer - DRAIN.
Air Corditiouilg Air Inlet Opedrgs - CLEAR (i{ instaUed).
Wing Lcker Tan-k FueI Vent - CLEAR.
Auxilialy Tark and Wing Locker Tralsfer Line FueI Smp -
DRAIN.
Auiliary Tuk FueI Qua*ity - CEECK, CAP SECURX.
Wing Tie Dom - REMOVE.
lfiain TanI Fuel Quutity - CIIECK, CAP SECItRE,
Tip Tank Trilsfer Pump - LBTEN FOR OPERATION.
FueI Vel* and Sniffle Valve - CLEAR.
Mein Taft Fuel Sump - DRAIN.
Cmtrol Surface Lock - REMOVE
Ailer@ - CHECK CONDIIION ud FREDOM OF MOVEMEMI,
Wing Locker $nnp - DRAIN.
Frap - CIIECK SECITRITY ud AT:IACHMENr.
Wilg I€cker Baggag,e Door - SECIIRE.
Statc Port - CLEAR,
Conhol Sulace Lck - REMOVE.
Tie Dovn - REMOVE,
Static Port - CIEAR.
Cabin Door, General Cordition ad S*uity - CHECIC
Battery Switch - OFF.
Figure 1-1 (Sheet 2 of 2)
1-3

NOTE
When using externaLpower source, do not turn
on the battery or alternator,switches until ex-
ternal power source is disconnected to avoid
damage to the alternators and a weik battery -
draining off part of the current being supplied
by the external source.
(fS) Parking Brake - SET. :'
(16) Lighting Rheostats - OFF.
(1?) Cowl Flaps - OPEN.
(18) Altimeter aad Cloct - SET.
(19) Annunciator Light Panel - PRESS-TO-TEST.
(20) Cabin Door Not Locked Light - OFF. . .,, , :
NorE :i'."
If top half of door is still open, ttrel ligtrt will not
r go out.
(2f) Landing Gear Position Indicator Lights - Check green lights ON.
(22) Wing Flaps - UP.
' (23) Cabin Air Controls - AS REQTIIRED.
(24) Fuel Quantity - CHECK.
(25) Throttles - OPEN ONE INCH.
I (26) Propellers -, FORWARD
(27) Mixbures - FULL RrcH.
(28) Fuel Selectors - Left Engine - LEFT MAIN (feel for detent).
Right Engine - RIGHT MAIN (feel for detent).
:,
STARTING ENGINES (teft Engine First)
j
NORfilAt SIART (NO EXTERNAL POIVER)
(1) Propellers - CLEAR. i
(2) Magneto Switches - ON.
(3) Left Engine - START.
(a) Stirter Button - PRESS.
(b) Primer Sc/itch - Left Engine - LEFT.
Right Engine - RIGHT.
t-4

(4)
(5)
(6)
(?)
(8)
(e)
(10)
CAUTION
O If the primer switch is activated for excessive periods
of time with the engine inoperative on the ground or during
flight, damage may be incumed to the engine and,/or air-
craft due to fueI accumuladon in the induction system. Sim-
ilar conditions may develop when the engine is shutdown
with the arxilia^ry.pump switch in the ON posltion.
O Should fuel priming or auxiliary pump operation periods
in excess of 60 seconds occu!, the engine manifold must be
purged by one of the following procedures:
(a) With arrxiliary fuel pump switch OFF, allow manifold to
drain at teast 5 minutes or until fuel ceases to flow out
of the drain under the nacelle.
(b) If circumstances do not allow natural draining periods
recommended above, with the aruriliary pump switch
OFF, magneto switches OFF, mixture idle cut-off and
throttle full open, turn engine with starter or by hand
a minimum of 15 revolutions.
Auriliary Fuel Pump - IOW (to purge vapor from fuel system).
Throttle - 1000 to 1200 RPM.
Oil Pressure - 10 PSI minimum in 30 seconds in normal weather
or 60 seconds in cold weather. If no indication appears, shut-
down engine and investigate.
Right Engine - START (repeat steps 1 through 6).
Alternators - CHECK.
Regulators - CHECK.
Radios - ON.
STARIING ENGINES ([eft Ensine First)
WITH EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE
(1) Battery and Alternators - OFF.
(2) External Power Source - PLUG IN.
(3) Propeller - CLEAR.
(4) Magneto Switches - ON.
(5) Left Engine - START.
(a) Starter Butbon - PRESS.
(b) Primer Switch - Left Engine - LEFT.
Right Engine - RIGHT.
1-5

(8) With Optional Electric Gyro Horizon - pULL to erecL
(9) Trim Tabs - SET.
(10) Alternate Air Controls - IN.
(11) Flight Controls - CHECK (free and correct).
(12) Cowl Flaps - OPEN.
(13) Cabin Door and Crew Door (if instaled) - LOCKED.
(14) Wing Flaps - 0'.
(15) Engine Instruments - CHECK.
NOTE
The engine oil temperature should be within the
normal operating range prior to applying takeoff
po\ryer. Even cautious p.ower applications with
cool oil may result in momentarily exceeding the
34. 5 inches Hg. manilold pressure limits.
(16) Fuel Quantity - CHECK.
(17) Flight Instruments and Radios - SET.
(18) Fuet setectors - RECHECK - Left Engine - LEFT IVIAIN (feel for
detent).
Right Engine - RIGHT IMAIN (feel
for detent).
(19) Lights - As REQUTRED.
(20) Auxiliary F\rel pumps - ON.
(21) Parkins Brake - RELEASE.
TAKEOFF
NORNAAT TAKEOFF
(1) Power - F!11 throtile and 2?00 RpM.
NOTE
Apply fuII throtile smoothly to avoid propeller
surging and excessive manifold pressures. Do
not exceed 34.5 inches Hg. manifold pressure
at any time.
Elevator Control - Raise nose wheel at 9b MpH IAS.
Minimum Control Speed - 9b MpH IAS.
Break Ground and C1imb Out at lOb MpH IA"S.
(2)
(3)
(4)
1-7

AFTER TAKEOFF
(4)
(a)
(1)
(2)
(3)
Brakes - APPLY MOMENTARILY'
Landing Gear - RETRACT
Climb Speed - 126 MPH IAS (best multi-engine rate-of-climb
speed) or (set up climb speed as shown in Normal Climb para-
graph).
Auxiliary,Fuel PumPs - OFF.
Cowl Flaps - AS REQUIRED.
CIIM B
NORIIAAT CLIMB
(1) Power - 25.5 inches Hg. and 2450 RPM.
(2) Airspeed - 130 - 160 MPH IAS.
(3) Mixture - Adjust to climb fuel flow.
(4) CowI Flaps - AS REQUIRED.
(5) Auxiliary Frel Purr'pi - ON (above 12, OOO feet altitude td mini-
mize vapor formation).
I}1 AX I'IA U M PER FOR'YI A NCE Ctl'tA B
(1) Power - FuIl throtile and 2?00 RPM below 16,000 feet.
Placarded manifold pressure above 16,000 feet.
Airspeed - 126 MPH IAS.
Cowl Flaps - AS REQUIRED.
Auxiliary FueI Pumps - ON (above 12, 000 feet altitude to mini-
mize vapor formation).
CRU ISING
(1) Cruise Power - 15-29.5Inches Hg and 2100 - 2450RPM'
(2\ Mixtures - LEAN for desired cruise fuel flow as determined
from your Cessna Model 40tB/402B'Power Computer. Recheck
mixtures.if 'power, altitude or OAT changes.
(3) Cowl Flaps - AS REQIIIRED'
(2)
(3)
(4)
1-8

(4) Fuel Selectors - MAIN or AUXILIARY a"fter 60 minutes (feel for
detent).
(a) If optional wing locker tanks are installed, fuel selectors -
MAIN TANKS or, after wing locker tanks are transfered
and main tank quantity is less than 180 pounds each -
AIIXILTARY TANK.
NOTE
Ttrn auxiliary fuel pumps to LOl{ and mixtures to
FULL RICII when switching tanks.
(b) If optional wing locker tarks are installed, crossfed -
SELECT as required to maintain fuel balance alter wing
Iocker tank fuel transfer.
(5) Trim Tf,bs - ADrusr.
LET DOW N
(1) Power - AS REQUIRED.
(2) Mixture - ADJUST for smooth operation with gradual enriching
as altitude is lost.
(3) Cowl Flaps - CLOSED'
BEFORE TANDING
(1) Frel Selectors -'Left Engine - LEFT MAIN (feel for detent).
Ftight Engine - RIGHT MAIN (feel for detent).
(2) Auxiliary Fuel PumPs - ON.
(3) Cowl Flaps - CLOSED.
(4) Alternate Air Controls - IN.
(5) Mixtures - FULL RICH or lean as required for smooth operation.
(6) Propellers - FORWARD
(?) Wing Flaps - 15" belo"/ 180 MPII CAS. )::
(8) Landing Gear - DOWN below 160 MPH CAS.
(9) Landing Gear Positon Indicator Lights - Check green lights ON.
(10) Wing Flaps - 15o - 45o below 160 MPII CAs.
(rfi Minimum-Multi-Engine Approach Speed - 110 MPH IAS'
hZi Minimum Single-Engine Control Speed - 95 MPH IAS'
t-9

[ANDING
(1) Touchdown - Main wheels first.
(Zl Landing Roll - Lower nose wheel genily.
(3) Braking - AS REQIIIRED.
GO-AROUN D (M ulti -Ensine)
(1) Increase engine speed to 2?00 RpM and apply full throttle if
necessary.
(2) Reduce flaps setting to 15". ,
(3) Trim aircraft for climb.
(4) Retr6.ct flaps as sooii as all.obstacles are cleared and a safe
altitude and airspeed are obtained.
NOTE
Do not retract landing gear if another landing
approach is to be conducted.
AF,TER IANDING
(1) Auxiliary FueI Pumps - LOW (during landingroll).
(2) Cowl Flaps - OPEN.
(3) Wing Flaps - UP.
SECURE AIRCRAFT
(1) Auxiliary Fuel Pumps - OFF.
(2\ Radios - OFF.
(3) Throttles - IDLE.
(4) Pro.pellers - FORWARD
(5) Mixtures - IDLE CUT-OFF.
(6) FueI Selectors - OFF. (if a long period of inactivity is anticipated)
NOTE
Do not leave the fuel selector handles in an inter_
mediate position as fuel from the main tip tanks
will transfer into the auxiliary tanks.
1 -10

(7) All Switches except Battery, Alternator and Magneto Switches -
OFF.
(8) Magneto Switches - OFF, after engines stop.
(9) Battery and Alternators - OFF.
(10) Parking Brake - SET.
(11) Control Lock - INSTALL.
(12) Cabin and Crew Door (if installed) - CLOSE.
1-11

ZI- I
""""""" t7/o/f

d
4f,?
SEGTION II
DESCRIPTION AN D
OPER.ATING DETAILS
The following paragraphs supply a general description of some sys-
tems and equipment in the aircraft. This section also covers, in some-
what greater detail, some oI the items in checklist ['orm in section I.
only those items of the checklist requiring further explanation will be
covered here.
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
The preflight inspection, described in Section I, is recommended for
the first flight of the day. Inspection procedures Ior subsequent flights
are normally limited to brief checks of the tail surface hinges, fuel and
oil quantity, and security of fuel and oil filler caps. If the aircraft has
been in extended storage, has had recent major maintenance, or has been
operated from marginal airports, a more extensive preflight inspection is
recommended.
After major maintenance has been performed, the flight and trim tab
controls should be double-checked for free and correct movement and se-
curity. The security of all inspection plates on the aircra"ft should be
checked following periodic inspections. Since radio and heater mainte-
nanee requires the mechanic to work in the nose compartment, the nose
compartment doors are opened for access to equipment. Therefore, it is
important a-fter such maintenance to double-check the security of these
doors. If the aircra-ft has been waxed or polished, check the external
static pressure source holes for stoppage.
If the aircra-ft has been exposed to much ground handling in a crowded
hanga.r, it should be checked for dents and scratches on wings, tip tanJcs,
fuselage, and tail surfaces, as well as damage to navigation and landing
Iights, deice boots, and radio antenna. Outside storage for long periods
may result in water and obstructions in airspeed system lines, condensa-
tion in fuel tanks, and dust and dirt on the intake air filters and engine
coo)ing fins. Outside storage in windy or gusty areas, or adjacent to
turiing aircraft calls for special attention to control surface stops, hinges
and brackets to detect fhe presence of wind damage. z-t

If the aircraft has been operated from muddy fields or-in snow and
slush, check the main gear wheel wells and nosewheel for obstructions
and cleanliness. Operation from a gravel or cinder field wilt require
extra attention to propeller tips and abrasion on leading edges of the hori-
zontal tail. Stone damage to the outer six inches of the propeller tips can
seriously reduce the fatigrre life of the blades.
Aircraft that are operated from rough fields, especially at high alti-
tudes, are subjected lo abnormal landing gear abuse. Check frequently
all components of the landing gear retracting mechanisms, shock struts,
tires and brakes.
To prevent loss of fuel in flight, make sure main and auxiliaqy fuel
tank filler caps are tightty sealed. The main fuel tank vents beneath the
tip tanks should also be inspected for obstructions, ice or water, espe-
cially a.fter operation in cold, wet weather.
The interior inspection will vary according to the mission and the op-
tional equipment installed. Prior to high-altitude flights, it is important
to check the condition and quantity of oxygen face masks and hose assem-
blies. The orygen supply system should be functionaJ.ly checked to insure
that it is i.n working order. The orygen pressure gage should indicate be-
tween 300 and 1800 PSI dependlng upon the anticipated requirements.
Satisfactory operation of the pitot tube, stall warning transmitter and
main fuel tank vent heating elements is determined by observing a dis-
charge on the voltammeter when the pitot heat switch is turned ON. The
effecti.veness of the pitot tube and stall warning transmitter heating ele-
ments may be verified by cautiously feeling the heat of both devices while
the pitot heat switch is ON.
Ftights at night and in cold weather involve a careful check of other
specific areas which will be discussed later in this section.
STARTING ENGINES
The left engine is normally started first because the cable from the
battery to this engine is much shorter permitting more electrical power
to be delivered to the starter. If battery is low, the left engine should
start more readily.
When using an external power source for starting, it is recommended
the battery and alternator switches be OFF.
2-2

NOTE
Release starter button as soon as engine fires or
engine will not accelerate and flooding can result.
The continuous flow fuel injection system will start spraying fuel ir the
engine intake ports as soon as the primer switch is actuated and the throt-
tle and mixture controls are opened. If the auxiliary pump is turned on
accidentally while the engine is stopped, with t}le throttle open and the
mixture rich, solid fuel wilL collect temporarily in the cylinder intake
ports, the quantity depending upon the amount of throttle opening and t}te
Iength of time the pump has been operating. ff this happens, it is advisa-
ble to wait a few minutes until the fueI drains away, then turn the propel-
ler through fifteen complete revolutions. This is done to prevent the pos-
sibility of engine damage due to hydrostatic lock before starting the en-
grne. To avoid flooding, begin cranking the engine prior to priming the
engine.
In hot weather with a hot engine, a fluctuating fueI flow slightly lower
than normal may be obrtained. This is an indication of vaporized fuel and
the starter should not be energized until a steady fueI flow indication is
obtained.
NOTE
Caution should be exercised to prevent overpriming
the engine in hot weather.
Engine mis-starts characterized by weak, intermittent extrllosions fol-
Iowed by bl,ack puffs of smoke from the exhaust are the result of flooding
or over-priming. This situation is more apt to develop in hot weatlter, or
when the engines are hot. If it occurs, repeat the starting procedure with
the throttle approximately L/2 open, the mixture in the IDLE CUT-OFF
and the primer switch OFF. As the engines fires, move the mixture con-
trol to FULL RICH and close the throttle to idle.
If an engine is under-primed, as may occur in cold weather with a cold
engine, repeat the starting procedure while hclding the primer switch ON
for 5 to 10 seconds until the engine fires.
If cranking longer than 30 seconds is required, a1low starter-motor to
cool five minutes before cranking again, since excessive heat may dam-
age the armature windings.
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