Cisco ASR 9000 Series User manual

Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router nV System
Configuration Guide, Release 5.3.x
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CONTENTS
Preface Preface ix
Changes to This Document ix
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request ix
CHAPTER 1 New and Changed nV Features 1
New and Changed Satellite nV Feature Information 1
CHAPTER 2 Configuring the Satellite Network Virtualization (nV) System 3
Prerequisites for Configuration 6
Overview of Satellite nV Switching System 7
Benefits of Satellite nV System 8
Overview of Port Extender Model 9
Advanced Satellite nV System Network Topologies 11
Features of Dual Home Network Architecture 12
Soft Minimum Active Links for Dual Home Topology 13
General Limitations of Satellite nV System Network Topologies 13
Simple Ring Satellite nV Topology 14
Simple Ring Topology Configuration 14
Limitations of Simple Ring Topology 15
Layer 2 Fabric Network Architecture 15
Limitations of Layer 2 Fabric Network Topology 17
Features Supported in the Satellite nV System 18
Satellite System Physical Topology 18
Inter-Chassis Link Redundancy Modes and Load Balancing 18
Satellite Discovery and Control Protocols 19
Satellite Discovery and Control Protocol IP Connectivity 19
ICL Fabric Port Monitoring 19
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Dynamic ICL 21
Multiple ICCP Groups for Satellite nV System Network Topologies 21
Satellite nV System Access Port Bundles along with ICL Bundles 22
Use Cases for Satellite nV System Access Port Bundles 23
Port Partitioning 25
BFD over Satellite Interfaces 25
BNG Interoperability 25
Layer-2 and L2VPN Features 26
Layer-3 and L3VPN Features 26
Layer-2 and Layer-3 Multicast Features 26
Multicast IRB 27
Quality of Service 27
Cluster Support 27
Time of Day Synchronization 27
Satellite Chassis Management 28
ARP Redundancy Support for Dual Head Topology 28
Ethernet Link OAM 29
802.3ah Loopback Support on Satellite nV System 29
CFM Performance Monitoring 30
Restrictions of the Satellite nV System 32
Satellite nV Usability Enhancements 32
RADIUS Filter-ID Attribute Direction 33
nV Satellite Auto Image Upgrade 33
Simplified Access to Satellites 34
MPP Check Skip for Satellite Image Download with Auto IP 34
Implementing a Satellite nV System 35
Defining the Satellite nV System 35
Configuring the Host IP Address 36
Configuring the Inter-Chassis Links and IP Connectivity 37
Configuring the Inter-Chassis Links in a Dual Home Network Topology 39
Configuring the Inter-Chassis Links for a Simple Ring Topology 41
Auto-IP 43
Configuring the Satellite nV Access Interfaces 44
Configuring the Fabric CFM 44
Plug and Play Satellite nV Switch Turn up: (Rack, Plug, and Go installation) 46
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Overview of SyncE in Satellite nV System 47
Restrictions of SyncE in Satellite nV System 48
Hub-and-Spoke Topology for Frequency Synchronization 48
Configuring SyncE on ASR 9000 Hosts 48
Configuration Examples of SyncE on ASR9000 Hosts 49
Upgrading and Managing Satellite nV Software 52
Image Upgrade for Cisco ASR 9000v Satellite 53
Prerequisites 53
Installing a Satellite 53
Converting a Standard Cisco ASR 901 to Satellite 54
Converting a Standard Cisco ASR 903 to Satellite 55
Monitoring the Satellite Software 56
Show Commands for Advanced Network Topologies 58
Dual Home Network Topology 58
Simple Ring Topology 59
Monitoring the Satellite Protocol Status 59
Monitoring the Satellite Inventory 61
Monitoring the Satellite Environment 61
Reloading the Satellite and Monitoring DOM Parameters 63
Port Level Parameters Configured on a Satellite 64
Loopback Types on Satellite Ports 64
Configuration Examples for Satellite nV System 65
Satellite System Configuration: Example 65
Satellite Global Configuration 65
ICL (satellite-fabric-link) Interface Configuration 65
Satellite Interface Configuration 66
Satellite Management Using Private VRF 67
Configuration of Satellite using Auto-IP 67
Satellite Configuration with Dual-Homed Hosts 67
Dual-Home for Multiple Satellites with Single Physical ICLs on Both Hosts and Satellites 68
Dual Home Configuration for SAT1 68
Dual Home Configuration for SAT2 68
Configuring a Satellite nV System in Simple Ring Topology 69
On Host1 69
On Host2 70
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Configuring a Satellite nV System in Layer 2 Fabric Network Topology 72
Configuring RADIUS Filter-ID Attribute Direction: Example 72
Verifying RADIUS Filter-ID Attribute Direction 72
Configuring nV Satellite Auto Image Upgrade: Example 72
Additional References 73
Related Documents 73
Standards 74
MIBs 74
RFCs 74
Technical Assistance 74
CHAPTER 3 Configuring QoS on the Satellite System 75
QoS on the Satellite System 75
Limitations 75
Auto QoS 76
QoS Offload Configuration Overview 77
Sample QoS Offload Configuration 77
Prerequisites for QoS Offload Configuration 78
Offloading Service-policy on Physical Access Port 78
Offloading Service-policy on Bundle Access Port 80
Offloading Service-policy on Physical Satellite Fabric Link 83
Offloading Service-policy on Bundle SFL 86
Offloading Service-policy on L2 Fabric Physical SFL 88
Offloading Service-policy on Ring Physical SFL 91
How to Configure HQoS on a Satellite 95
Configure the Traffic Class 95
Configure the Traffic Policy 96
Attach Hierarchical Policies to the Interface 97
Configuration Examples for QoS Offload 99
Offloading Service-policy on Physical Access Port: Example 99
Offloading Service-policy on Bundle Access Port: Example 100
Offloading Service-policy on Physical SFL: Example 100
Offloading Service-policy on Bundle SFL: Example 101
Offloading Service-policy on L2 Fabric physical SFL: Example 101
Offloading Service-policy on Ring Physical SFL: Example 101
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CHAPTER 4 Configuring Multicast Offload on the Satellite nV System 103
Need for Multicast Offload 103
Scope and Prerequisites 104
Multicast Offload Terminology 106
Overview of Multicast Offload 106
Behavior of Multicast Offload During Satellite Topology Events 108
Difference between Layer 2 and Layer 3 (over BVI) core support 108
Uplink/Core Isolation Tracker 108
Multicast Offload Scalability 109
Multicast Offload Use Case Scenario 109
Restrictions for Multicast Offload 110
Configuring Satellite nV Multicast Offload 111
CHAPTER 5 Configuring the Satellite nV Optical Shelf System 113
Prerequisites of nV Optical System 113
Overview of the Satellite nV Optical Shelf System 114
Configuring the Satellite Optical Shelf Identity and Connection Parameters 115
Provisioning an Optical Application 117
Configuring a Client Port 121
Provisioning a Chassis for Optical Shelf 122
CHAPTER 6 Configuring the Performance Monitoring Thresholds for the Satellite nV Optical System 125
Displaying the Performance Monitoring Parameters of a Controller 125
Configuring the Thresholds for Optics Performance Monitoring Parameters 127
Configuring the Thresholds for ODU Performance Monitoring Parameters 127
Configuring the Thresholds for OTU Performance Monitoring Parameters 129
Configuring the Thresholds for Ethernet Performance Monitoring Parameters 130
CHAPTER 7 Configuring the nV Edge System on the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router 133
Prerequisites for Configuration 134
Overview of Cisco ASR 9000 nV Edge Architecture 134
Inter-Rack Links on Cisco ASR 9000 Series nV Edge System 136
Failure Detection in Cisco ASR 9000 Series nV Edge System 137
Scenarios for High Availability 137
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Overview of Cluster EOBC on L2 Channel with Topology 138
Restrictions of Cluster EOBC on L2 Channel 138
Configuring Intermediate L2 Cloud 139
Configuration Examples for Intermediate Cloud 140
Benefits of Cisco ASR 9000 Series nV Edge System 143
Restrictions of the Cisco ASR 9000 Series nV Edge System 144
Restrictions of the Cisco ASR 9001 Series nV Edge System 144
Implementing a Cisco ASR 9000 Series nV Edge System 144
Configuring Cisco ASR 9000 nV Edge System 145
Single Chassis to Cluster Migration 145
Configuration for nV Edge System 146
Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router nV Edge System Scripted Rack-by-Rack Upgrade 147
Prerequisites for Cisco ASR 9000 nV Edge System Scripted Rack-by-Rack upgrade 148
Cisco ASR 9000 Series nV Edge System Rack-by-Rack Upgrade 149
Configuration 150
Verification 151
Additional References 153
Related Documents 153
Standards 154
MIBs 154
RFCs 155
Technical Assistance 155
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Contents

Preface
The preface contains these sections:
•Changes to This Document, page ix
•Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request, page ix
Changes to This Document
This table lists the technical changes made to this document since it was first printed.
Change SummaryDate
Initial release of this document.January 2015
Republished with documentation updates for Cisco IOS XR Software
release 5.3.1.
May 2015
Republished with documentation updates for Cisco IOS XR Software
release 5.3.2.
September 2015
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
For information on obtaining documentation, using the Cisco Bug Search Tool (BST), submitting a service
request, and gathering additional information, see What's New in Cisco Product Documentation, at: http://
www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html.
Subscribe to What's New in Cisco Product Documentation, which lists all new and revised Cisco technical
documentation as an RSS feed and delivers content directly to your desktop using a reader application. The
RSS feeds are a free service.
Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router nV System Configuration Guide, Release 5.3.x
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Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router nV System Configuration Guide, Release 5.3.x
x
Preface
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request

CHAPTER 1
New and Changed nV Features
This table summarizes the new and changed feature information for the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation
Services Router nV System Configuration Guide , and tells you where they are documented.
•New and Changed Satellite nV Feature Information, page 1
New and Changed Satellite nV Feature Information
This table summarizes the new and changed feature information for Cisco IOS XR Software Release 5.3.x.
Where DocumentedIntroduced/Changed in ReleaseDescriptionFeature
Configuring the Satellite
Network Virtualization (nV)
System chapter:
•Soft Minimum Active
Links for Dual Home
Topology, on page 13
•Configuring the
Inter-Chassis Links in a
Dual Home Network
Topology, on page 39
Release 5.3.1This feature was introduced.Soft Minimum Active Links for
Dual Home Topology
Configuring the Satellite
Network Virtualization (nV)
System chapter:
•ICL Fabric Port
Monitoring, on page 19
Release 5.3.1This feature was introduced.ICL Fabric Port Monitoring
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Where DocumentedIntroduced/Changed in ReleaseDescriptionFeature
Configuring the Satellite
Network Virtualization (nV)
System chapter:
Satellite nV Usability
Enhancements, on page 32
Release 5.3.2Usability enhancements were
made.
Satellite nV Usability
Enhancements
Configuring the Satellite
Network Virtualization (nV)
System chapter:
Multiple ICCP Groups for
Satellite nV System Network
Topologies, on page 21
Release 5.3.2This feature was introduced.Multiple ICCP groups for Dual
host
Configuring the Satellite
Network Virtualization (nV)
System chapter:
Dynamic ICL, on page 21
Release 5.3.2This feature was introduced.Dynamic ICL for Cisco ASR
9000v
Configuring the Satellite
Network Virtualization (nV)
System chapter:
Satellite nV System Access Port
Bundles along with ICL
Bundles, on page 22
Release 5.3.2This feature was introduced.Access Bundle with fabric
redundancy
Configuring the Satellite
Network Virtualization (nV)
System chapter:
802.3ah Loopback Support on
Satellite nV System, on page
29
Release 5.3.2This feature was introduced.802.3ah Loopback on Bundled
and non-Bundled ICLs
Configuring the Satellite
Network Virtualization (nV)
System chapter:
ARP Redundancy Support for
Dual Head Topology, on page
28
Release 5.3.2This feature was introduced.ARP Redundancy Support for
Dual Head Topology
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New and Changed nV Features
New and Changed Satellite nV Feature Information

CHAPTER 2
Configuring the Satellite Network Virtualization
(nV) System
This module describes the configuration of the Satellite Network Virtualization (Satellite nV) system on the
Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Routers .
Table 1: Feature History for Configuring Satellite System
ModificationRelease
•Support for Satellite Network Virtualization
(Satellite nV) Service was included on the
Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router for 9000v
Satellite .
Release 4.2.1
•Support for 36-Port 10-Gigabit Ethernet Line
Card was included.
Release 4.2.3
•Support for Cisco ASR 9001 and Cisco ASR
9922 Series Routers as hosts was included.
•Support for Cisco ASR 901, and Cisco ASR
903 as Satellite devices was included.
•Support for Cisco ASR 901-1G series router.
•Username and password (limited AAA) support
for satellites.
Release 4.3.0
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•Support for Auto-IP feature was included.
•Support for Link Layer Discovery Protocol
(LLDP) over Satellite access interface over
bundle ICL was included.
•Caveat for multiple members from the same
NP belonging to same ICL bundle was removed
.
•Procedure to convert a Cisco ASR 901 or Cisco
ASR 903 Router to a satellite was added.
Release 4.3.1
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Configuring the Satellite Network Virtualization (nV) System

These features are included on Cisco ASR 9000v
and Cisco ASR 901 satellites:
•Support for Simple Ring Satellite nV topology
was included.
•Support for dual-homed Satellite nV network
architecture was included.
•Support for Layer 2 Fabric network architecture
was included.
•Support for Fabric Ethernet Connectivity Fault
Management (Ethernet CFM) was included.
•Support for 1G ICL on ports 1/45 and 1/46 on
Cisco ASR 9000v satellite was included for all
the Satellite nV topologies by using 1G SFPs.
•Support for these new satellites was included:
◦Cisco ASR 901 Series Aggregation
Services Router Chassis, Ethernet-only
interfaces, 10 GE, DC power, USB
(A901-6CZ-F-D)
◦Cisco ASR 901 Series Aggregation
Services Router Chassis, Ethernet and
TDM interfaces, 10 GE, DC power, USB
(A901-6CZ-FT-D)
◦Cisco ASR 901 Series Aggregation
Services Router Chassis, Ethernet-only
interfaces, 10 GE, AC power, USB
(A901-6CZ-F-A)
◦Cisco ASR 901 Series Aggregation
Services Router Chassis, Ethernet and
TDM interfaces, 10 GE, AC power, USB
(A901-6CZ-FT-A)
•Support for QoS Offload over Satellite was
supported. See Cisco ASR 9000 Series
Aggregation Services Router QoS
Configuration Guide for more details.
Release 5.1.1
•Support for SyncE in Satellite nV System was
included.
•Support for new SFPs was included.
Release 5.2.0
•Support for Cisco ASR 903 Router as satellite
is removed
Release 5.3.0
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•Support for Unidirectional Link Detection
(UDLD) protocol over Satellite access interface
over bundle ICL was included.
•The Performance Monitoring (PM) for
Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) on the
nV Satellite system has been improved by
processing the CFM PM frames on the satellite
instead of the ASR9K host.
•Support for ICL Fabric Port Monitoring was
included.
•Support for Soft Minimum Active Links for
Dual Home Topology was included.
Release 5.3.1
•Prerequisites for Configuration, page 6
•Overview of Satellite nV Switching System, page 7
•Benefits of Satellite nV System, page 8
•Overview of Port Extender Model, page 9
•Advanced Satellite nV System Network Topologies, page 11
•Features Supported in the Satellite nV System, page 18
•Restrictions of the Satellite nV System, page 32
•Satellite nV Usability Enhancements, page 32
•Implementing a Satellite nV System, page 35
•Overview of SyncE in Satellite nV System, page 47
•Restrictions of SyncE in Satellite nV System, page 48
•Hub-and-Spoke Topology for Frequency Synchronization, page 48
•Configuring SyncE on ASR 9000 Hosts, page 48
•Upgrading and Managing Satellite nV Software, page 52
•Configuration Examples for Satellite nV System, page 65
•Additional References, page 73
Prerequisites for Configuration
You must be in a user group associated with a task group that includes the proper task IDs. The command
reference guides include the task IDs required for each command. If you suspect user group assignment is
preventing you from using a command, contact your AAA administrator for assistance.
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Prerequisites for Configuration

Before configuring the Satellite nV system, you must have these hardware and software installed in your
chassis:
•Hardware (Host):
- Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Routers with Cisco ASR 9000 Enhanced Ethernet line
cards as the location of Inter Chassis Links. Cisco ASR 9000 Ethernet Line Cards can co-exist in the
Satellite nV System but cannot be used for Satellite ICLs and also with ISM/VSM. Also, only RSP3 is
the supported Route processor for the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers.
•Hardware (Satellite) :
- Cisco ASR9000v, Cisco ASR9000v-V2, Cisco ASR 901, or Cisco ASR 903 routers
- Cisco ASR 901 Series Aggregation Services Router Chassis, Ethernet-only interfaces, 10 GE, DC
power, USB (PID: A901-6CZ-F-D)
- Cisco ASR 901 Series Aggregation Services Router Chassis, Ethernet and TDM interfaces, 10 GE,
DC power, USB (PID: A901-6CZ-FT-D)
- Cisco ASR 901 Series Aggregation Services Router Chassis, Ethernet-only interfaces, 10 GE, AC
power, USB (PID: A901-6CZ-F-A)
- Cisco ASR 901 Series Aggregation Services Router Chassis, Ethernet and TDM interfaces, 10 GE,
AC power, USB (PID: A901-6CZ-FT-A)
10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces are not supported as ICL or access ports for Cisco ASR
901 Router.
Note
•Software —Cisco IOS XR Software Release 4.2.1 or later. To use Cisco ASR9000v-V2 as satellite,
Cisco IOS XR Software Release 5.2.2 or later must be installed on the host.
For more information on other hardware requirements and list of TMG optics supported, see Cisco ASR 9000
Series Aggregation Services Router Hardware Installation Guide and Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregated
Services Router Satellite Systems Installation Guide.
Overview of Satellite nV Switching System
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router Satellite Network Virtualization (nV) service or the Satellite Switching
System enables you to configure a topology in which one or more satellite switches complement one or more
Cisco ASR 9000 Series routers, to collectively realize a single virtual switching system. In this system, the
satellite switches act under the management control of the routers. The complete configuration and management
of the satellite chassis and features is performed through the control plane and management plane of the Cisco
ASR 9000 Series Router, which is referred to as the host.
Cisco ASR 9001, Cisco ASR 9904, and Cisco ASR 9922 Series Routers, and Cisco CRS-3 Router with
Modular Services Line Card can also be used as hosts in the Satellite nV System.
Note
Interconnection between the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router and its satellites is through standard Ethernet
interfaces. When the Satellite nV service was introduced in Cisco IOS XR Release 4.2.x, Cisco ASR 9000v
was used as the satellite device. It supports one Gigabit Interchassis Links (ICL) in two of the ports (1/45 and
1/46) and the Cisco 901-1G and 901-10G routers support only 1G ICL.
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Overview of Satellite nV Switching System

In general, the type of interface used on the host is decided on the basis of the satellite device used as shown
in the figure.
Both the 1-Gigabit Ethernet or 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces used as ICL are supported on the Cisco
ASR 9000 Enhanced Ethernet line card and not on the Cisco ASR 9000 Ethernet line card.
Note
When Cisco ASR 901 and Cisco ASR 903 are used as satellites, TDM interfaces cannot be used in the
Satellite nV System and RP redundancy on the chassis is not available.
Note
Figure 1: Cisco ASR 9000 Series Satellite nV Switching System
This type of architecture can be realized in a carrier Ethernet transport network, with the satellite switches
used as either access switches, or pre-aggregation and aggregation switches. These switches feed into an edge
router, such as the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router where more advanced Layer 2 and Layer 3 services are
provisioned. The network topology depicted in the figure is called the Hub and Spoke network topology.
You can also utilize this model in a Fiber To The Business (FTTB) network application, where business
internet and VPN services are offered on a commercial basis. Further, it can also be used in other networks,
such as wireless or Radio Access Network (RAN) backhaul aggregation networks.
Benefits of Satellite nV System
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series satellite nV system offers these benefits:
1Extended port scalability and density - You can create a virtual line card with more than 400 physical
Gigabit Ethernet ports. There is a significant increase of Ethernet port density in the resulting logical Cisco
ASR 9000 Series Router. For example, a single 24-port Ten Gigabit Ethernet line card on the Cisco ASR
9000 Series Router could integrate up to 24 satellite switches each with 44 GigE ports; this results in an
effective port density of 1056 Gigabit Ethernet ports for each Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router line card
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Benefits of Satellite nV System

slot. In other configurations, even higher port density can be achieved. This is beneficial because the Cisco
ASR 9000 Series Router has a per-slot non blocking capacity of up to 400 Gbps (with appropriate RSPs)
and there is no other way of physically fitting hundreds of gigabit ethernet ports/ SFPs on the face plate
of a single Cisco ASR 9000 Series line card. As a result, in order to utilize the full capacity of an Cisco
ASR 9000 Series line card, it is necessary to physically separate out the ethernet ports, while maintaining
logical management control. This would appear as if all ports were physically on a single large line card
of the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router.
2Reduced cost - All the edge-routing capabilities and application features of the Cisco IOS XR software
are available on low cost access switches.
3Reduced operating expense - You can seamlessly upgrade software images, and also manage the chassis
and services from a common point. This includes a single logical router view, single point of applying
CLI or XML interface for the entire system of switches, a single point of monitoring the entire system of
switches and a single point of image management and software upgrades for the entire system.
4Enhanced feature consistency - All the features on the regular GigE ports of Cisco ASR 9000 Series
Router are also available on the access ports of a satellite access switch in a functionally identical and
consistent manner. The typical application of a satellite system would be in the access and aggregation
layers of a network. By integrating the access switches along with the aggregation or core switch, you can
ensure that there are no feature gaps between the access switch and the aggregation or core switch. All
features, such as carrier ethernet features, QoS and OAM, function consistently, from access to core,
because of this integrated approach.
5Improved feature velocity - With the satellite solution, every feature that is implemented on the
Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router becomes instantly available at the same time in the access switch, resulting
in an ideal feature velocity for the edge switch.
6Better resiliency - The nV satellite solution enables better multi-chassis resiliency, as well as better
end-to-end QoS. For more information on QoS capabilities, see Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation
Services Router QoS Configuration Guide .
Overview of Port Extender Model
In the Port Extender Satellite switching system also called as Hub and Spoke model, a satellite switch is
attached to its host through physical ethernet ports.
In releases later than Cisco IOS XR Software Release 4.2.1, attachment models beyond the port extender
model are also supported.
Note
The parent Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router is referred as the host in this model. From a management or a
provisioning point of view, the physical access ports of the satellite switch are equivalent to the physical
ethernet ports on the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router. You do not need a specific console connection for
managing the Satellite Switching System, except for debugging purposes. The interface and chassis level
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Overview of Port Extender Model

features of the satellite are visible in the control plane of Cisco IOS XR software running on the host. This
allows the complete management of the satellites and the host as a single logical router.
Figure 2: Port Extender Satellite Switching System
In this model, a single Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router hosts two satellite switches, SAT1 and SAT2, to form
an overall virtual Cisco ASR 9000 switching system; this is shown by the dotted line surrounding the Cisco
ASR 9000 Series Router, SAT1, and SAT2 in the Figure.
This structure effectively appears as a single logical Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router to the external network.
External access switches A1, A2 and A3 connect to this overall virtual switch by physically connecting to
SAT1 and SAT2 using normal ethernet links. The links between the satellite switches and the Cisco ASR
9000 Series Router are ethernet links, and are referred as ICLs (Inter-Chassis Links). The Cisco ASR 9000
Series Router is referred as the host in this system. When there is congestion on the interchassis links, an
inbuilt QoS protection mechanism is available for the traffic.
SAT1, SAT2, and the host Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router need not be located in the same geographic
location. This means that the ICLs need not be of nominal length for only intra-location or intra-building
use. The ICLs may be tens, hundreds, or even thousands of miles in length, thereby creating a logical
satellite switch spanning a large geography.
Note
In a Cisco ASR 9000 Series Router multi-chassis cluster system, there are multiple Cisco ASR 9000 Series
Router systems within a single virtual switch system. Logically, however, it is still considered a single
host system.
Note
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Overview of Port Extender Model