Compaq Armada E500 Series User manual

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Technical Reference Guide
Compaq Armada E500 and Armada V300 Series
First Edition March 2000
Part Number 11QY-0200A-WWEN
Compaq Computer Corporation

2HAB=?ALEE
preface
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
The following reference documentation and web addresses provide information for the
Compaq Armada E500 and Armada V300 computers:
■ Compaq Specification
#333116,
ATI Rage Mobility-P Video Controller
#353918,
TI PCI1450 Cardbus Controller
#342609,
ESS 1978SF Maestro-2E Audio Controller
#387046,
SMSC MSIO, SMSC37N971, Tikki
#290725,
Flash ROM,512k x 8, 60ns, 5V
#353924,
ESS 1920 Audio Codec
#258896,
Li-Ion Battery Specification
■ Compaq Armada E500 and Armada V300 Maintenance and Service Guide
■ Microsoft Operating System Manual
■ Synaptics Touchpad Interfacing Guide
■ Compaq Web site at http://www.compaq.com
■ Modem commands at http://www.compaq.com/support/portables

Table of Contents EEE
CONTENTS
chapter 1
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Standard Features.............................................................................................................................1-2
External Ports/Connectors ...............................................................................................................1-4
Power Management..........................................................................................................................1-4
System Architecture.........................................................................................................................1-5
Mechanical.....................................................................................................................................1-11
Docking Support............................................................................................................................1-11
Security Features............................................................................................................................1-12
chapter 2
PROCESSOR, CACHE AND SYSTEM SUPPORT
Host Bus (Northbridge)....................................................................................................................2-1
ISA Bus (Southbridge)...................................................................................................................2-10
Clocks.............................................................................................................................................2-16
chapter 3
SYSTEM MEMORY
Base System Memory ......................................................................................................................3-1
System Memory Expansion.............................................................................................................3-2
chapter 4
PC CARD INTERFACE
Functional Description.....................................................................................................................4-1
CardBus Controller..........................................................................................................................4-1
System Block Diagram ....................................................................................................................4-3
PCI Interface ....................................................................................................................................4-3
PC Card Applications Overview......................................................................................................4-4
Programmable Interrupt Subsystem.................................................................................................4-6
Power Management Overview.......................................................................................................4-10

EL Table of Contents
chapter 5
SUPER I/O CONTROLLER
8051 Microcontroller.......................................................................................................................5-3
Real-Time Clock and CMOS RAM.................................................................................................5-4
Diskette Controller...........................................................................................................................5-4
Parallel Port......................................................................................................................................5-5
GPIO Usage ..................................................................................................................................... 5-6
I2C Controller...................................................................................................................................5-6
Serial UARTs...................................................................................................................................5-7
Shared Flash ROM Interface ...........................................................................................................5-7
Keyboard Scan.................................................................................................................................5-8
PS/2 Serial Mouse/Keyboard Interfaces..........................................................................................5-8
chapter 6
AUDIO SUBSYSTEM
Functional Description.....................................................................................................................6-1
Features ............................................................................................................................................6-3
Power Management..........................................................................................................................6-3
WaveCache ......................................................................................................................................6-5
Audio Docking Solution..................................................................................................................6-6
ES1921 Audio CODEC ...................................................................................................................6-6
Functional Description.....................................................................................................................6-8
Digital Interface .............................................................................................................................6-11
Power Management........................................................................................................................6-14
Audio Linear Amplifier LM4873..................................................................................................6-15
chapter 7
VIDEO/GRAPHICS SUBSYSTEM
General Features...............................................................................................................................7-1
Video Interface.................................................................................................................................7-2
Bus Interface ....................................................................................................................................7-3
Power Management..........................................................................................................................7-3
Video Controller Clock Generation.................................................................................................7-3
Flat Panel Support............................................................................................................................7-4
CRT..................................................................................................................................................7-4
2D Acceleration ...............................................................................................................................7-4
3D Acceleration ...............................................................................................................................7-5
TV Out .............................................................................................................................................7-5
Simultaneous Scan Mode.................................................................................................................7-7
Video Mode Support........................................................................................................................7-7
Video Memory...............................................................................................................................7-11
Zoomed Video................................................................................................................................7-11
Motion Video Acceleration............................................................................................................7-12
chapter 8
KEYBOARD/POINTING DEVICE SUBSYSTEM
Internal Keyboard ............................................................................................................................8-1
Touchpad Interface ..........................................................................................................................8-1
EasyPoint IV (Pointing Stick)..........................................................................................................8-2

Table of Contents L
Hotkeys ............................................................................................................................................8-2
External Keyboard/Mouse Communications...................................................................................8-3
chapter 9
POWER SUPPLY
DC/DC Converter ............................................................................................................................9-2
Smart Battery ...................................................................................................................................9-3
Display Inverter................................................................................................................................9-4
External AC Adapter........................................................................................................................9-4
Power Management Controller........................................................................................................9-5
chapter 10
MASS STORAGE
Hard Drive Subsystem...................................................................................................................10-1
Diskette Drive Subsystem..............................................................................................................10-3
CD-ROM Module..........................................................................................................................10-3
DVD-ROM Module.......................................................................................................................10-3
SuperDisk LS-120 Drive Subsystem.............................................................................................10-4
chapter 11
INTERNAL MODEM
Combination Card Overview (Lucent Chipset).............................................................................11-1
Global Mini-PCI Modem Card (Lucent Chipset)........................................................................11-10

LE Table of Contents
appendix A
DOCKING
Docking Sequence........................................................................................................................... A-1
Docking Interface............................................................................................................................ A-1
appendix B
POWER CONSERVATION
Power Management States...............................................................................................................B-1
Processor Power Management.........................................................................................................B-3
Processor Thermal Management......................................................................................................B-4
Secondary Cache Power Management ............................................................................................B-4
PCI Bus Power Management...........................................................................................................B-4
Video Power Management...............................................................................................................B-5
Hard Drive and Bay Power Management........................................................................................B-5
MSIO Super I/O Power Management..............................................................................................B-5
Audio Power Management ..............................................................................................................B-5
INDEX ..........................................................................................................................................................I-1

System Architecture 1-1
chapter 1
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The Compaq Armada E500 and Armada V300 Series offer Intel Mobile Pentium II, III
or Celeron Processors with 32-bit or 64-bit architecture, MMX technology, and level-2
cache memory. Both Armada E500 and Armada V300 Series provide desktop
functionality and connectivity through optional expansion bases or convenience bases.
Depending on the Armada E500 computer model, the following processors are used:
■ a 366- or 400-MHz Intel Mobile Pentium II Processor with 256-KB integrated L2
cache, or
■ a 450-, 500-, or 600-MHz Intel Mobile Pentium III Processor with 256-KB
integrated L2 cache.
Depending on the Armada V300 computer model, a 400- or 466-MHz Intel Celeron
Processor with 128-KB integrated L2 cache is used.
The computers, shown in Figure 1-1, dock with the Compaq ArmadaStation EM
(Armada E500 only), Armada MiniStation E/EX (Armada E500 only), Convenience
Base or Port Replicator.
Figure 1-1. Compaq Armada E500 and Armada V300 Personal Computers

1-2 System Architecture
Standard Features
The computers have the following features:
■ The following processors are available, varying by computer model:
■ The Armada E500 features an Intel Mobile Pentium III 450-, 500-, or 600-MHz
Processor or Intel Mobile Pentium II 366- or 400-MHz Processor, with 256-KB
integrated cache.
■ The Armada V300 features an Intel Celeron 400- or 466-MHz Processor, both
with 128-KB integrated L2 cache.
■ ATI Mobility P video controller, with 8-MB (Armada E500) and 4-MB (Armada
V300) SGRAM (synchronous graphics)
■ The following standard memory is available, varying by computer model:
■ The Armada E500 is equipped with 64-MB high-performance Syncheronous
DRAM (SDRAM), expandable to 512 MB.
■ The Armada V300 is equipped with 64- or 32-MB high-performance SDRAM,
expandable to 512 MB.
■ Microsoft Windows 95, Window 98 or Windows NT Workstation 4.0 preinstalled
■ The following displays are available, varying by computer model:
■ The Armada E500 features a 15-inch or 14.1-inch, XGA, TFT (1024 × 768) or
12.1-inch, SVGA, TFT (800 × 600) display, both with over 16.8 million colors.
■ The Armada V300 features a 14.1-inch XGA TFT (1024 × 768), 12.1-inch
SVGA TFT (800 × 600), or 12.1-inch SVGA STN (800 × 600) display, all with
over 16.8 million colors.
■ The following keyboards are available, varying by computer model:
■ The Armada E500 provides a TouchPad or pointing stick keyboard.
■ The Armada V300 is equipped with a TouchPad keyboard.
■ Mini PCI 56K V.90 modem, optional Mini PCI V.90 modem plus 10/100 NIC
combination card.
■ The following PC Card features are available, varying by computer model:
■ The Armada E500 features two Type II PC Card slots with support for both
32-bit CardBus and 16-bit PC Cards; Zoomed video is supported in the
bottom slot.
■ The Armada V300 features one Type II PC Card slot with support for both
32-bit CardBus and 16-bit PC Cards.
■ External AC adapter with power cord
■ The following battery packs are available, varying by computer model:
■ The Armada E500 supports a 9- or 6-cell Lithium Ion (Li-ion) primary
battery pack in the battery bay or DualBay, and a 6-cell Li-ion MultiBay battery
pack in the MultiBay; supporting up to three battery packs in the computer at
one time.
■ The Armada V300 supports a 9- or 6-cell Li-ion primary battery pack in the
battery bay and a 6-cell Li-ion MultiBay battery pack in the MultiBay.

System Architecture 1-3
■ The following hard drives are available, varying by computer model:
■ The Armada E500 supports a 12.0-, 6.0-, or 4.3-GB high-capacity SMART hard
drives with DriveLock security and Prefailure Warranty.
■ The Armada V300 supports a 6.0- or 4.3-GB high-capacity SMART hard drives
with DriveLock security and Prefailure Warranty.
■ Flexible MultiBay that accommodates a 24X MAX CD-ROM drive, DVD-ROM
drive, SuperDisk LS-120 drive, 6-cell Li-ion MultiBay battery pack, or secondary
hard drive (when used with a Hard Drive MultiBay Adapter).
■ Armada E500 provides a DualBay that accommodates a diskette drive or a second
battery pack.
■ Connectors for parallel, serial, audio in/out, external monitor, universal serial bus,
external keyboard, and AC power.
■ Stereo speakers providing Compaq PremierSound 16-bit stereo sound.
■ Energy Star-compliant power saving features.
■ Security features, including power-on, keyboard, setup, and DriveLock passwords.
■ Desktop expandability available with the optional Compaq Armada Station EM and
Compaq Convenience Base.

1-4 System Architecture
External Ports/Connectors
■ Standard 176-pin Armada docking connector
■ Fast IR port
■ One or two CardBus slots with support for Zoomed Video
■ Audio connectors for speaker or headphones out, and microphone in
■ PS/2 port for mouse or external keyboard with support for Y–cable for two devices
■ RJ-11 modem jack with internal connection to modem slot, depending on model
■ RJ-45 Ethernet jack with internal connection to the combination modem/LAN slot,
depending on model
■ One standard 15-pin VGA connector with support for DDC-2B monitor detection
■ One standard 9-pin serial port connector
■ One standard 25-pin parallel port connector with support for ECP, EPP,
bidirectional, and standard mode
■ One low-power USB port with standard Type–A connector
Power Management
■ Advanced Power Management (APM) version 1.2 compliant
■ Advanced Configuration and Power Management (ACPI) version 1.0 compliant
■ Support for Suspend (S1), Suspend-to-RAM (S3), and Suspend-to-Disk (S4)
■ Power management settings can be customized by the user
■ Hotkeys for setting performance level versus battery life
■ Smart batteries that provide an accurate battery power gauge
■ Dock device power management
■ Active Thermal Feedback (ATF) support
■ Lid switch suspend/resume
■ Power/Suspend button with system override

System Architecture 1-5
System Architecture
The system architecture is shown in Figure 1-2.
Coppermine or
Dixon CPU 440BX
North Bridge
Base SODIMM
User SODIMM
4/8MB
SDRAM
Video ATI
Mobility-P
SVGA LCD
Display
PIIX4
PCI-IDE
South Bridge
USB Control
PCI-ISA
Tikki MSIO
Mini-PCI Modem
ESS Audio Cardbus
Controller
TI1225
Moon PCI-PCI
Bridge
Slot1
Slot2
HDD
CD
AC97
USB Port
USB
AC97
Floppy
Serial
Parallel
PS/2
RJ-11
RJ-45
Docking
Station
PCI BusAGP Bus
CRT
PS/2
Serial
Parallel
Floppy
ROM
Flash ROM
Keyboard
Infrared
Touchpad
Figure 1-2. Compaq Armada E500 and Armada V300 Block Diagram
The system is made up of four main buses: the host bus, the AGP bus, the PCI bus, and
the ISA bus. The Intel 440BX chipset controls all four buses. The 82440 interfaces the
host bus to the AGP and PCI buses and is referred to as the Northbridge. The PIIX4E,
used with the PII, or the PIIX4M, used with the PIII, interfaces from the PCI bus to the
ISA bus and is referred to as the Southbridge.
The host bus is connected to:
■ Celeron, Pentium II, or Pentium III processor
■ Secondary cache (L2)
■ Northbridge chipset (82440BX)

1-6 System Architecture
The AGP bus is connected to:
■ Northbridge chipset (82440BX)
■ Video controller (ATI RAGE Mobility-P)
■ System SDRAM
The PCI bus is connected to:
■ Northbridge chipset (82440BX)
■ Southbridge chipset (PIIX4M)
■ CardBus controller
■ Audio subsystem
The ISA bus is connected to:
■ Southbridge chipset (PIIX4M)
■ Flash ROM
■ Super I/O controller (MSIO)
CPU
Armada E500:
■ 366- or 400-MHz Intel Mobile Pentium II Processor
■ 450-, 500-, or 600-MHz Intel Mobile Pentium III Processor
Armada V300:
■ 400- or 466-MHz Intel Celeron Processor with 128-KB integrated L2 cache
Chipset
Intel 8 440BX Northbridge
■ Support for all Intel Mobile Pentium II and Pentium III Processors
■ Unbuffered and registered SDRAM support (×-1-1-1 access at 66 to 100 MHz)
■ Enhanced SDRAM Open Page Architecture support for 16- and 64-Mbit DRAM
devices with 2-, 4-, and 8-Kbyte page sizes
■ PCI bus interface
■ PCI revision 2.1, 3.3-volt, 33-MHz interface compliant
■ PCI Parity Generation support
■ Data streaming support from PCI to DRAM
■ Delayed transaction support for PCI-DRAM reads

System Architecture 1-7
■ AGP interface
■ Integrated DRAM controller supports single AGP-66/133 compliant device (3.3
volt)
■ AGP Specification revision 1.0 compliant
■ AGP data/transaction flow optimized arbitration mechanism
■ AGP side–band interface for efficient request pipelining
■ AGP specific data buffering
■ Supports concurrent CPU, AGP, and PCI transactions to main memory
■ AGP high-priority transaction support
■ Advanced power management features
■ Supports Standby (S1), Suspend-to-DRAM (S3), and Suspend-to-Disk (S4)
■ Static stop clock support
■ Dynamic power-down of idle DRAM rows
■ SDRAM self-refresh power-down support in suspend mode
■ Stop clock grant and halt special cycle translation (host to PCI Bus)
■ Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)–compliant power
management
■ 492-pin BGA package
■ 3.3-volt core and mixed 3.3-volt and GTL I/O
■ Interfaces directly to the PIIX4M
Intel PIIX4M Southbridge
■ 3.3-volt with 5-volt tolerance
■ PCI-to-ISA bridge
■ Supports full ISA or Extended I/O (EIO) bus in positive decode or subtractive
decode
■ Supports PCI DMA with three PC/PCI channels and Distributed DMA
protocols (simultaneously)
■ Supports serialized IRQ protocol
■ PCI revision 2.1 specification compliant
■ Built-in real-time clock with wake-on-alarm capability (ACPI/OnNow compliant)
■ SMBus interface

1-8 System Architecture
■ Advanced Power Management support
■ 3.3-volt operation with 5-volt tolerant buffers
■ Power-On Suspend (S1), Suspend-to-DRAM (S3), Suspend-to-Disk (S4), and
Soft-Off (S5) System States
■ All registers readable and restorable for proper resume from zero-volt suspend
■ Global and local device management
■ Supports thermal alarm
■ Support for external microcontroller
■ Full support for ACPI revision 1.0 specification and OS directed power
management
■ Integrated IDE controller with Ultra-DMA-33 support
■ Integrated 12 × 32-bit buffer for IDE PCI burst transfers
■ Two hot-swappable USB channels with legacy keyboard/mouse support
■ 324-pin mBGA package
DRAM
■ 64-MB synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) memory onboard
■ Two SO-DIMMs (Bank 1 and 2)
■ All DRAM is 3.3-volt 66-MHz or faster self-refreshing SDRAM
PCI Bus Devices
NOTE: All internal PCI buses and PCI components operate at 3.3 volt.
■ CardBus controllers
TI225
■ Support for Zoomed Video slot
■ Support for serialized ISA IRQs
■ Supports two PC Card/CardBus slots (one PC Card slot for Aramada V300) with
hot removal/insertion
■ Burst transfers to maximize data throughput on the PCI/CardBus bus
■ Supports distributed DMA and PC/PCI DMA
■ Supports ring indicate

System Architecture 1-9
■ Video Controller
ATI RAGE Mobility-P
■ 32-bit wide memory-mapped registers
■ Advanced Graphics Platform (AGP) 2X bus with sideband support; 133-MHz
throughput
■ Floating-Point Setup Engine for high-performance 3D and CAD
■ Motion compensation for full-screen MPEG-2 video without external acceleration
hardware
■ 4 or 8-MB, 3.3-volt 125-MHz video SDRAM
■ Support for Zoomed Video
■ Built-in support for LVDS data bus to LCD display
■ Built-in NTSC and PAL video output (composite)
■ Simultaneous display of CRT+LCD+TV including separate images
■ DDC 2B support for external monitors
■ Advanced power management features (automatic power-down, standby, and
panel-off)
■ Audio
ESS Maestro 2E/ES1921 CODEC
■ Hot docking 6-pin interface to expansion audio mixer (ES978)
■ Monophonic full duplex using two DMA channels
■ Self-timed joystick port
■ I2S interface to internal stereo D/A for external ZV port
■ Complete general interrupt mapping, including sharing of all interrupts
■ Stereo 16-bit, Wavetable and FM synthesizers, MPU-401 MIDI support
ISA Bus Devices
NOTE: All internal ISA buses and ISA components operate at 3.3-volt.
■ BIOS ROM
Intel 28F004BV
■ 4-MB boot block flash ROM

1-10 System Architecture
■ SMC Super I/O Controller
SMC FDC37N97X
■ Simultaneous support for three PS/2 ports (1 internal + 2 external)
■ Advanced infrared communications controller
■ ACPI Embedded Controller Interface
■ High-performance, embedded 8051 keyboard and system controller
■ Low Suspend current in sleep mode
■ System power plane control and power sequencing
■ Battery management interface for charging and smart battery fuel gauge
■ Active thermal interface for CPU thermal management
■ 1.44-MB Super I/O FDC controller
■ IEEE 1284 parallel port
■ Serial infrared support: IrDA version 1.1 (4 Mbps)
■ Full Plug-and-Play support
■ High speed NS16550A-compatible UART with 16-byte send/receive FIFOs
■ Real-time clock
■ Modem/LAN
Mini-PCI Modem or Combination Modem/NIC Card
■ Internal Mini-PCI Type-1B slot
■ Flexible method of supporting an internal modem or modem/LAN combo card
with the least amount of difficulty surrounding European modem approvals
■ Slot supports only Compaq-approved cards

System Architecture 1-11
Power Subsystem
■ System DC/DC
■ Based on the MAX1630
■ Provides a stable 3.3 to 5.0 volts from a DC source of 9 V to 19 V
■ AC Cube
■ Provides 18.5 volts DC +/- 3.75% at 100 to 240 volts AC
■ 50 watts output
■ 6 or 9-cell Li-ion battery in dedicated bay; only Armada E500 and Armada V300-
specific batteries can be inserted into the primary bay due to mechanical keying
Mechanical
■ Size: 9.9-in (252 mm) × 12.36-in (314 mm) × 1.65-in (42 mm)
■ Weight: 5,5 to 7.5 pounds (2.6 to 3.2 kg)
■ Construction: 2.3 mm wall thickness using polycarbonate
■ Features:
■ One MultiBay for SuperDisk LS-120 drive, DVD-ROM drive or second hard
drive; one DualBay that can be used for a diskette drive/battery on the Armada
E500; one fixed diskette drive on the Armada V300
■ Removable main hard drive
■ Easy-to-access memory upgrades
■ Ergonomic design
Docking Support
ArmadaStation EM Support (Armada E500 only)
■ One serial port
■ One parallel port
■ Two PS/2 ports to connect an external keyboard and a pointing device
■ One XGA CRT port (replicates computer port)
■ Three PCI slots for Compaq-approved PCI add-in cards
■ Dual MultiBays
■ One half-height bay
■ An additional dual-channel, PCI-based IDE controller, to connect HDD, CD-ROM,
DVD-ROM,or other peripherals
■ Audio line-in, microphone-in, speaker/headphones-out
■ Additional audio speaker
■ Two USB ports

1-12 System Architecture
Convenience Base
■ One serial port
■ One parallel port, with support for an Armada 4100/7800-compatible diskette drive
option (Note: The Armada E500 and Armada V300 do not support this, but the
Convenience Base does.)
■ Two PS/2 ports to connect one for an external keyboard and a pointing device
■ One XGA CRT port (replicates computer port)
■ One PCI slot capable of supporting Compaq-approved LAN adapters
■ Audio line-in, microphone-in, speaker/headphones-out
■ Two USB ports
Port Replicator
■ One serial port
■ Two PS/2 ports to connect an external keyboard and a pointing device
■ One XGA CRT port (replicates computer port)
■ Audio line-out
■ One USB port
■ DC power-in (pass through)
Security Features
These security management features customize system security:
■ Power-On and Setup Passwords—prevent unauthorized access to information and
computer configuration.
■ DriveLock—prevents unauthorized access to hard drives.
■ Device disabling—prevents unauthorized data transfer through modems, serial ports,
parallel ports, and infrared ports on the computer and an optional docking station.
■ QuickLock/QuickBlank—locks the keyboard and clears the screen.
■ Ownership Tag—displays ownership information during system restart.

Processor, Cache, and System Support 2-1
chapter 2
PROCESSOR, CACHE, AND
SYSTEM SUPPORT
Host Bus (Northbridge)
The Armada E500 and Armada V300 computers use the Intel Pentium II, Pentium III,
and Celeron Processors, respectively. The Pentium Processors feature:
 450-, 500-, or 600-MHz CPU with 100-MHz SDRAM bus for PIII, 66MHz for PII
 Integrated L2 cache running at processor speed
 MMX-2 instruction set
 SpeedStep desktop operation (PIII)
Pentium II or III CPU/Cache
The computers use the Intel Pentium II or III Processor technology housed in a BGA
package. The PII and PIII differ in substantial ways (66-MHz bus instead of a 100-
MHz bus, integrated GTL resistors) so that a common PII and PIII printed circuit board
is impossible. A general feature list is as follows:
 Full SMI (System Management Interrupt)
 Fully static (support Stop grant and Stop clock states)
 66- (PII) or 100-MHz (PIII) bus interface to the system
 32-bit address bus
 64-bit data bus
 256-KB on-chip cache (Armada E500 PII and PIII); 128-KB on-chip cache (Armada
V300)
 Capability of executing two instructions per clock through two pipelined integer
units
 Multimedia extension (MMX) register set

2-2 Processor, Cache, and System Support
The PII Processor has integrated 256 K L2 cache on the die designed using 0.18 micron
process technology. It is offered at 400- and 466-MHz with 66-MHz system bus speed.
It’s core design consists of an integrated L2 cache controller and a 64-bit high
performance system bus. The on-die L2 cache complements the system bus by
providing critical data faster, improving performance, and reducing total system power
consumption. The PII Processor’s 64-bit wide low power GTL+ system bus is
compatible with the 440BX PCIset and provides a glueless, point to point interface for
an I/O bridge/memory controller.
The Intel Pentium III Processor also implements 0.18 micron process technology with
Katmai New Instructions. It has a 100 MHz bus and uses the PIIX4M and 440BX
chipset with 100 MHz SDRAM.
The new Intel SpeedStep technology allows the PIII Processor to run at either notebook
or desktop frequencies. At the higher frequency, a higher voltage must also be run. For
the Armada E500, the notebook frequency is 500 MHz at 8 watts, and the desktop
frequency is 650 MHz at 14 watts. The high power mode may be operated under
battery or AC power, but the battery life will be lower and the acoustic noise higher
than operation in the normal notebook mode.
The Intel PII and PIII Processors are fully compatible with the entire installed base of
applications for DOS, Windows, OS/2, and UNIX. Superscalar architecture, branch
prediction, and separate code and data caches all provide increased performance over
previous X86 Processors. Reduced voltage operation and enhanced power management
features are provided.
82440BX
The Intel 440BX PCI-based chipset is optimized for portable systems with stringent
form-factor and power-consumption requirements. It consists of two components–the
82440BX and the PIIX4M. The 82440BX is referred to as the Northbridge (control
between the PCI bus and the CPU and AGP buses). The PIIX4M is referred to as the
Southbridge (control between the PCI bus and the ISA bus). The remainder of this
section involves the 82440BX.
The 82440BX integrates the CPU, AGP, PCI, and DRAM bus interfaces. This includes
the DRAM controller, AGP bus arbiter, PCI bus arbiter, power management, and the
host (CPU) interface.
The 82440BX’s data buffer steers and buffers data between the four interfaces: 64-bit
CPU, 64-bit DRAM, 32-bit AGP, and 32-bit PCI. The data flow can be CPU-to-PCI,
CPU-to-AGP, CPU-to-DRAM, AGP-to-DRAM, or PCI-to-DRAM.