Compaq StorageWorks 4000 - RAID Array Quick reference guide

White Paper
July1999
0206-0699
Prepared byStorage Products
Division
Compaq Computer Corporation
Contents
Fibre Channel Storage
Systemto RAID Array4000........3
The RA4000 Storage System......3
Fibre Channel Host Adapter......3
Gigabit Interface Converters......4
Fibre Channel Storage Hubs.....4
RAID Array 4000........................5
RA4000 Controller.....................5
Deploying the RA4000.................6
Upgrading fromFCSS to
RA4000......................................6
Configuration Scenarios............7
Single Server/Single
Controller...................................8
Dual Servers/Single
Controller...................................9
Single Server/Dual
Controllers...............................10
Dual Servers/Dual
Controllers...............................11
Firmware....................................12
Operating Systems
Supported..................................12
Upgrading fromSingle
ControllerSolutions..................13
Windows NT 4.0 Installation
Instructions..............................13
NetWare Installation
Instructions..............................13
RA4000 Configuration...............14
Array Configuration Utility........14
Fibre Fault Isolation Utility........15
Compaq Redundancy
Manager (NT)..........................16
Compaq RAID Array 4000
Storage System: Deployment
and Configuration
Abstract:As the performance ofprocessors and peripherals
improves and companies increasinglymove to distributed
architectures while consolidating servers, the company's
administrators generate high-speed and data intensive network
applications. As a result, interconnects between servers and the I/O
devices theysupport have becomea management bottleneck.
Fibre Channel storage solutions shatter distance, connectivity,
capacity, and bandwidth limitations of SCSI. Fibre Channel allows
highlyscalable, high-performance storage solutions for the most
demandingapplications.Compaq believes Fibre Channel is the best
interconnect technologychoice for future storage solutions and has
developed the RAIDArray4000 (RA4000)Storage System, which is
based on this technology.
This paperdescribes how to:
 Upgrade an existing single controller Fibre Channel Storage
Systemtothe dual controllerRA4000
 Install an RA4000 with eithersingle ordual controllers
 Deployfull redundancywith eithera Fibre Channel Storage
Systemoran RA4000
Formore information onFibre Channel technology,go to
http://www.compaq.com/products/servers/storage/fibre.html

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Notice
The information in this publicationis subject to change without notice and is provided “ASIS” WITHOUT
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The limited warrantiesfor Compaq products are exclusively set forth in thedocumentation accompanying
such products. Nothingherein should be construed as constitutinga furtheror additionalwarranty.
Thispublicationdoes not constitute an endorsement ofthe product or products that were tested. The
configuration or configurationstestedor described mayor maynotbe theonlyavailable solution. Thistest
is not a determination or productqualityor correctness, nor does itensure compliance with anyfederal,
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Copyright ©1999 CompaqComputer Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
Compaq RAID Array4000 Storage System: Deployment and Configuration
White Paper prepared byStorage ProductsDivision
First Edition (July1999)
Document Number 0206-0699

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Fibre Channel Storage System to RAID
Array4000
The Compaq StorageWorks RAIDArray4000 (RA4000),formerlythe Fibre Channel Storage
System(FCSS), is an external storage solution incorporating Fibre Channel interconnect
technology. Compaq changed the name of the FCSS to the RA4000 toclearlyposition this
product within our line of external storage solutions and leverage the new rebranded
Storageworks. None of the functionalityof the FCSS has been reduced, in fact, Compaq has
added significant new features tothe RA4000.
With the RA4000,Compaq has implemented redundant controllersupport forboth the RA4000
and the FCSS forWindows NT4.0 and NetWare 4.x and 5.x.Redundant controllersupport
allows fordual fibre loop configurations and furtherreduces both planned and unplanned
downtime.
The FCSS controllerboard contained 32 megabytes ofcache forsystems manufactured before
September 15, 1998, and 64 megabytes of cache for systems manufactured after
September15,1998.The controllerboard forthe RA4000 system features 64 megabytes of
cache. With both systems, the arraycontroller is housed in the external storage cabinet. With the
RA4000, the customer can utilize two controller cards with the accompanying software.
The RA4000 Storage System
In its base configuration,an RA4000 storage system consists of the following components:
•AFibre Channel Host Adapter(installed in a Compaq X86 server)
•AFibre Channel StorageHub and required Fibre Channel interconnects
•One ormore RA4000s shipped standard with RA4000 Controllers
Adescription of each component is detailed in the sections below.
Fibre ChannelHost Adapter
The Compaq Fibre Channel Host Adapter is a high-speed host interface that provides
connectivityfromthe server to one ormultiple RA4000s via a Fibre Channel StorageHub.
The adapter is available in either a PCIversion or an EISAversion. The Fibre Channel Host
Adapter/P is a 33 MHz 32-bit PCIbus master device. The Fibre Channel Host Adapter/E is for
use in a serverequipped onlywith an EISA expansion bus orwith a server that has a majorityof
EISAbus slots. The Fibre Channel Host Adapter/E takes advantage of the EISAarchitecture by
performing32-bit bus masterburst transfers.
IMPORTANT: Both the PCIand EISAversions of the Fibre Channel Host Adapterrequire
installation of a gigabit interface converter module into the I/O port before the multi-mode fibre
cable is connected.

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GigabitInterface Converters
Gigabit interface converters(GBICs)are industry-standard connection devices that hot pluginto
Fibre Channel storage hubs and controllers.AGBIC converts serial electrical signals toserial
optical signals for bi-directional transmission of data across the Fibre Channel media.
GBICs are available in two varieties:
•Short wave (GBIC-SW)–Forconnections up to500 meters.AGBIC-SWprovides a
transmission rate of100 megabytes persecond at distances up to500 meters using
50-micron, multi-mode fiber optic cables. 62.5-micron, multi-mode fiber optic cable is
alsosupported,but distances are limited to300 meters.
•Long wave (GBIC-LW)–For connections between 500 meters and 10 kilometers. A
GBIC-LWprovides a transmission rate of 100 megabytes per second at distances up to
10 kilometers of 9-micron, single-mode fiber optic cable. GBIC-LW are not currently
supported on Microsoft Cluster Server configurations.
Note: GBICs on both ends of anyFibre Channel cable link must be the same type. For example,
GBIC-SWmust link to GBIC-SWand GBIC-LWmust link toGBIC-LW. Intermixing short
wave types and long wave types on anysingle link is functionallyincompatible.
Fibre ChannelStorage Hubs
Fibre Channel Storage Hubs accept different cable types, allowing for intermixed cable pairs
within a topology, and use port bypass circuitrytokeep a Fibre Channel loop topologyintact.The
RA4000 can be configured usinga Fibre Channel StorageHub 7 ora Fibre Channel Storage
Hub 12.
FibreChannel Storage Hub 7
The Compaq Fibre Channel StorageHub 7 is a seven-port hub that creates a
100-megabytes-per-second Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop through its internal wiring and logic.
Note: GBICs on both ends of anyFibre Channel cable link must be the same type. For example,
GBIC-SWmust link to GBIC-SWand GBIC-LWmust link toGBIC-LW. Intermixing short
wave types and long wave types on anysingle link is functionallyincompatible.
AFibre Channel StorageHub 7 is capable ofsupporting:
•Up tosixRA4000s perhub
•Up to72 spindles perserver slot
•Up to1.75 TBper serverslot
•Interconnect distances up to500 meters perlinkusingGBIC-SW
•Interconnect distanced up to10 kilometers per linkusingGBIC-LW

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FibreChannel Storage Hub 12
The Compaq Fibre Channel StorageHub 12 is an intelligent, 12-port hub similar tothe Fibre
Channel Storage Hub 7.
AFibre Channel StorageHub 12 is capable ofsupporting:
•Up to11 RA4000s perhub.
•Up to132 spindles perserverslot.
•Up to3.2 TB perserver slot.
•Interconnect distances up to500 meters perlinkusingGBIC-SW.
•Interconnect distances up to10 kilometers perlinkusingGBIC-LW.
RAID Array4000
The RAIDArray4000 (RA4000)is an external drive enclosurecontaininga high-performance
RA4000 Controller,hot-pluggable hard diskdrives, fan assembly, and powersupplies.
The RA4000 allows you tosimultaneouslyscale capacity, cache, and processingpower. Each
RA4000 features optional hot-plugredundant powersupplies and fans.This arraysupports dual
controllers,which provide controllerfailoverredundancy.The RA4000 is available in tower or
4U rackformfactors and supports eight 1.6-inch or twelve 1-inch hard diskdrives fora total of
291.2 GBperenclosure using36.4 GB drives.
The numberofRA4000s that can be deployed in an RA4000 Storage Systemdepends on the
numberand configuration ofthe Fibre Channel StorageHubs.The numberand configuration of
the storage hubs depends on the numberofFibre Channel Host Adapters installed in the server.
Note: The Compaq RA4000 is drive traycompatible with Compaq X86 Servers and ProLiant
Storage Systems (Wide Ultra SCSI-3Hot Plug).
RA4000 Controller
The RA4000 Controller is an intelligent Fibre Channel-to-SCSI arraycontroller integrated into
the RA4000.The controller is based on the Compaq SmartArrayarchitecture and has two
Wide Ultra SCSI-3 channels. Each channel can transfer data at 40 megabytes per second for a
total of80 megabytes persecond possible internal bandwidth.The arraycontroller-to-host
interface is Fibre Channel for high-speed connection to the server. The Fibre Channel interface
can transferdata to the serverat burst rates of100 megabytes per second.
The RA4000 Controllersupports RAID levels 0, 0+1, 1, 4, and 5. Italsosupports multiple logical
drives with hot-swap capabilities and online capacityexpansion within the array. The controller
features sixth-generation Compaq RAID technologyand components and a total of 64 megabytes
of usable cache (16 megabytes read and 48 megabytes user-selectable read/write).
The RA4000 Controllersupports Wide-Ultra SCSI-3,Fast-Wide SCSI-2,orFast SCSI-2 drives.
Use ofSCSItechnologyinside the RA4000 allows customers to use existingSCSIdiskdrives.
Since hard disk drives are the most costlypart of a storage system, this compatibilitycan reduce
the cost ofimplementingan RA4000 Storage System.

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Deploying the RA4000
Upgradingfrom FCSS to RA4000
The RA4000 is an open solution that has been tested,proven,and optimized forseamless
integration and unmatched performance with Compaq X86 servers and critical applications. This
solution features a controller board with 64 megabytes of cache. The controller board in some
Fibre Channel Storage Systems (FCSS) contain 32 megabytes of cache.
Toupgrade yourFCSS toan RA4000,you must:
1.Ensure the cache sizes on your controller pairs are equal. Otherwise, your cache will be
disabled and performance will be reduced. Your alternatives are to pair controllers with either
32 MB or 64 MB caches or to upgrade an existing 32 MB cache controller with a 64 MB
cache. To do so, you must order and install the Compaq Fibre Channel ArrayController
64 MBCache Upgrade Kit (p/n 262398-B21).
IMPORTANT: When upgradingto the RA4000, make sure the cache sizes of the controller
boards match. If the cache sizes do not match, all of the cache will be disabled.
2.Install the new drivers and firmware included on SmartStart 4.3 or later.
3.If you are using Microsoft Windows NT (either clustered or nonclustered installations),
purchase the Compaq ProLiant ClusterHA/F200 kit.
Each integrated RA4000 Controller includes an enhanced ArrayAcceleratorwith a total of
64 megabytes of cache. Of that total, 16 megabytes is dedicated read cache that is integrated on
the base controller board. The remaining 48 megabytes of cache is user-selectable, battery-backed
read/write cache located on a small, removable board that plugs into the base controller.
One majoradvantage ofmigratingfroman FCSS to the RA4000 is that the customercan run two
controller cards, each with 64 megabytes of cache, with available software. In a redundant
configuration, if the active controller or other component fails or becomes inoperative, the
standbycontroller will take over, notifythe systemadministrator of the problem, and maintain
operation ofthe storage subsystem.Unplanned downtime is minimized.
An RA4000 can provide redundancyin eithera single serverenvironment orin a clustered server
environment.
In anytype ofserverenvironment,the RA4000(s)must have dual controllers installed toensure
controllerfailoverredundancy.With single controllers,there is nocontroller redundancyto
protect the data should a component fail.

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ConfigurationScenarios
Systemconfigurations varywidely,but RA4000s with dual controllers can be easilydeployed in
anyscenario with verylittle operating interruption. Customers can increase storage capacityand
achieve redundancyin an endless numberofconfiguration scenarios.Fourcommon
configurations are detailed below.
•Single Server/Single Controller. The system contains one server and one controller per
RA4000.There is noredundancyin this configuration.
•Dual Servers/Single Controller. The system contains two servers and one controller per
RA4000 runningMicrosoft Cluster Server or NetWare HighAvailabilityServer. There is no
storage system redundancyin this configuration.
•Single Server/Dual Controllers.The systemcontains one serverand two controllers per
RA4000 toprovide redundancy. Dual controllers bring controllerfailoverredundancyforthe
system to this scenario.
•Dual Servers/Dual Controllers.The systemcontains twoservers runningMicrosoft Cluster
Server or NetWare HighAvailabilityServer and twocontrollers per RA4000 toprovide
redundancy. Dual controllers and servers bringcontrollerfailoverredundancyforthe system
to this scenario.
Note: Single Server/Single Controller, Dual Servers/Single Controller, Single Server/Dual
Controllers,and Dual Servers/Dual Controllers, are not the onlyRA4000 configuration scenarios.
Systemconfigurations mayvarydependingon the customer’soperatingenvironment.
Incompatibilities in bus and drive mapping exist between Compaq ProLiant Storage Systems and
the RA4000 except for the F2orU2 models.For this reason,data stored on hard drives in a
ProLiant Storage SystemF2or U2 connected to a Smart ArrayController can be migrated
directlyto an RA4000 provided the HDDs are kept in the same physical orderand RA4000
ControllerFW1.14 or later is used.ForProLiant Storage Systems models F1,U1,and UE,
migratingstored data toan RA4000 requires a full backup and restore operation.Referto
www.compaq.com fordetails about migratingtoan RA4000 froma Compaq ProLiant Storage
System using Compaq Smart ArrayControllers.

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Single Server/Single Controller
Figure 1.RA4000 Storage SystemwithSingle Server/Single Controller
Customers deployinga single server or an entirelynew storage system with a single server/single
controllerconfiguration must:
1.Insert a GBIC into the Fibre Channel Host Adapter.
2.Install the Fibre Channel Host Adapter in the server.
3.Insert a GBIC into the Fibre Channel Storage Hub. Use a GBIC-SW if the connection to the
server is 500 meters or less, or a GBIC-LWif the connection to the server is between
500 meters and 10 kilometers.
IMPORTANT: Systems deployingGBIC-SWuse 50-micron,multi-mode fiberoptic cable.
Systems deploying GBIC-LWuse 9-micron,single-mode fiberoptic cable.
4.Connect a Fibre Channel StorageHub to the Fibre Channel Host Adapter.
5.InsertaGBIC intothe arraycontrollerat the RA4000.Use a GBIC-SWifthe connection to
the hub is 500 meters or less, or a GBIC-LWif the connection tothe hub is between
500 meters and 10 kilometers.
Note: The necessaryGBIC and the appropriate fiber optic cable are determined byindividual
customer needs and system design.
6.Connect the RA4000(s)tothe Fibre Channel StorageHub.
Note: In single-server environments,the servercan be connected directlyto the RA4000.
7.Run the Compaq Options ROMPaq. It is provided on the Compaq SmartStart and Support
Software CD 4.30 orlaterthat is shipped with the Compaq StorageWorks RA4000 and
RA4000 Redundant Controller.

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Dual Servers/Single Controller
Figure 2.RA4000 Storage SystemwithDual Server/Single Controller
Customers who onlyrequire a system with a single arraycontroller, maywant the flexibilityof a
system with two servers.
Customers migrating from a single server to a server cluster or deploying an entirelynew storage
system with a dual servers/single controller configuration must:
1.Insert a GBIC into the Fibre Channel Host Adapter.
2.Install the Fibre Channel Host Adapter into the added server or into both servers if the storage
system is entirelynew.
3.Insert a GBIC into the Fibre Channel Storage Hub. Use a GBIC-SW if the connection to the
server is 500 meters or less, or a GBIC-LWif the connection to the server is between
500 meters and 10 kilometers.
IMPORTANT: Systems deployingGBIC-SWuse 50-micron,multi-mode fiberoptic cable.
Systems deploying GBIC-LWuse 9-micron,single-mode fiberoptic cable.
4.Connect a Fibre Channel StorageHub to the Fibre Channel Host Adapters.
5.InsertaGBIC intothe arraycontrollerat the RA4000.Use a GBIC-SWifthe connection to
the hub is 500 meters or less, or a GBIC-LWif the connection tothe hub is between
500 meters and 10 kilometers.
Note: The necessaryGBIC and the appropriate fiber optic cable are determined byindividual
customer needs and system design.
6.Connect the RA4000 tothe Fibre Channel StorageHub.
7.Run the Compaq Options ROMPaq. It is provided on the Compaq SmartStart and Support
Software CD 4.30 orlaterthat is shipped with the Compaq StorageWorks RA4000 and
RA4000 Redundant Controller.

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Single Server/Dual Controllers
Figure 3.RA4000 Storage SystemwithSingle Server/Dual Controllers
Customers whowant a redundant storage system,but donotrequire a servercluster,can deploya
systemcontaininga single server/dual controllerdeployment scenario.
Customers deploying a single server or installing an entirelynew storage system with a single
server/dual controllers configuration must:
1.Insert a GBIC into twoFibre Channel Host Adapters.
2.Install the twoFibre Channel Host Adapters into the server.
3.Insert a GBIC into each of two Fibre Channel Storage Hubs. Use a GBIC-SW if the
connection tothe server is 500 meters orless,ora GBIC-LWifthe connection tothe serveris
between 500 meters and 10 kilometers.
IMPORTANT: Systems deployingGBIC-SWuse 50-micron,multi-mode fiberoptic cable.
Systems deploying GBIC-LWuse 9-micron,single-mode fiberoptic cable.
4.Connect a Fibre Channel Storage Hub to each Fibre Channel Host Adapter.
5.InsertaGBIC intoeach arraycontrollerat the RA4000(s).Use a GBIC-SWifthe connection
tothe hub is 500 meters or less, or a GBIC-LWif the connection tothe hub is between
500 meters and 10 kilometers.
IMPORTANT: One Fibre Channel linkperarraycontrolleris required.
Note: The necessaryGBIC and the appropriate fiber optic cable are determined byindividual
customer needs and system design.