ComSonics SnapTRACK Series User manual

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USER
MANUAL

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GENERAL INFORMATIONGENERAL INFORMATION
Introduction..........................................................2
ImportantNotices....................................................2
PrepareforUse......................................................3
LimitedWarranty..................................................3-4
ProgrammingFrequencies...........................................4
TransmitterControlsandIndicators..................................5
DirectConnect.......................................................6
Flexi-CouplerConnection............................................6
InductiveConnection................................................7
BlindSearch.........................................................7
SelectingtheTracingSignal..........................................8
ReceiverControlsandIndicators.....................................9
SelectingtheLocatingMode .....................................11-12
PeakLocatingMode ................................................11
NullLocatingMode.................................................12
Left/RightAuto-GainMode.........................................13
AbsoluteSignalStrenth ............................................13
GainChangeIndication.............................................13
Passive50/60HzLocating..........................................14
PassiveRadioFrequencyLocating..................................14
PassiveRectifierCPLocating........................................14
PushButtonDepth..................................................15
CurrentMeasurement...............................................16
Depth Measurement 45 Degree Angle Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
TiltedMagneticFieldIdentification..................................17
LocatingaSonde...................................................19
SondeDepthMeasurement........................................20
STAFFFaultFinderControls........................................21
FaultLocating......................................................23
SnapTRACKTransmitterSpecifications.............................25
SnapTRACKReceiverSpecifications................................26
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS

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Congratulations on the purchase of your new SnapTRACK Series Cable, Pipe & Fault Locator.
The SnapTRACK PLS Locator is specially designed to detect conductors such as buried pipes &
cables. This device may detect buried power cables, CATV cables, gas and water pipes, sewer lines,
telecommunication lines, fiber optic cables with sheath, sondes, inspection camera transmitters. You
have chosen a quality product that is designed for years of field use without the need for annual or
periodic calibration and service.
The basic principle of the locator's operation is as follows:
The TRANSMITTER emits a signal to a conductive cable or pipe. The RECEIVER detects the
electromagnetic field that is generated by the transmitted signal. You can locate the relative position
of the buried utility by following the tracing signal.
For safely & to help ensure the best locating results, please read & understand the manual in its
entirety before using the product.
Failure to follow these warning could result in serious injury or death.
Only persons qualified and trained to operate cable & pipe locators may operate this equipment.
Follow appropriate safety procedure, your companies policies and applicable safety codes and/
or laws.
Do not connect to utilities, cables or pipes without authorization and training.
Use tool only for intended purpose as described in this manual
Do not expose tool to rain or moisture.
Do not expose to hazardous chemicals, hazardous gas or explosive environment.
SHOCK HAZARD - Lethal voltages may be present at the transmitter’s output. Turn o
transmitter before touching test lead or any un-insulated conductor. Make connection to ground
and target conductor before turning on transmitter.
SHOCK HAZARD - Do not connect to live voltage or active utility lines. De-energize any circuits
in or around the work area.
This tool is designed to detect electromagnetic field emitted from cables and buried metallic
utilities. There are buried cables, pipes, and utilities this instrument CANNOT detect.
LOCATING is not an exact science. The only certain way to be sure of the existence, location, or
depth of buried utilities is to carefully expose (dig up) the utility.
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
WARNING!
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
IMPORTANT NOTICESIMPORTANT NOTICES
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Unpack your new SnapTRACK Locator. Make sure there is no shipping damage and all the parts are
included.
Locate the battery compartment on the back of the of the RECEIVER and on the bottom of the
TRANSMITTER. Open the compartments using a Phillips screwdriver. If your unit is a rechargeable
system, remove the terminal isolation paper to allow the battery spring to contact the battery terminal.
If the unit is configured for alkaline batteries, Install the six alkaline Duracell® “C” batteries as marked in
the receiver and twelve Duracell® “D” batteries as marked in the TRANSMITTER.
For rechargeable units, please charge for at least 5 hours before use. Remove the terminal isolation
paper inside the battery compartments to allow the battery spring to contact the battery terminal.
Note: For longer battery life and reliable operation under adverse conditions, use only Duracell® alkaline
batteries.
Note: The battery type used must be selected in the programming menu of the transmitter and the
receiver. For instructions on how to select please see page 4.
PREPARE FOR USEPREPARE FOR USE
HARDWARE:HARDWARE: ComSonics, Inc. (ComSonics) warrants to the original end user (Customer) that the new
ComSonics branded products will be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal
use, for one (1) year from the date of original shipment. ComSonics warrants repaired and refurbished
ComSonics products for ninety (90) days from date of shipment.
SOFTWARE:SOFTWARE: ComSonics warrants to the Customer that any Application software associated with this
product will perform in conformance to specifications for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of
original shipment.
ComSonics makes no warranty or representation that the operation of software products will be
uninterrupted, be error-free, or have defects. ComSonics will make every eort to improve and fix any
known software bugs and will provide software updates when available.
SOFTWARE LICENSE (BRIEF)SOFTWARE LICENSE (BRIEF)
ComSonics grants you, the Customer, a limited nonexclusive license to use the accompanying software
program(s) (the Software) subject to the terms and restrictions set forth in this License Agreement.
You are not permitted to use the Software in any manner not expressly authorized by this License. You
acknowledge and agree that ownership of the Software and all subsequent copies thereof regardless of
the form or media are held by ComSonics.
LIMITED WARRANTYLIMITED WARRANTY

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TECHNICAL SUPPORTTECHNICAL SUPPORT
ComSonics maintains a Technical Support Service for customer convenience. Representatives may be
contacted Monday - Friday: 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time by phone at 1-800-336-9681, 540-434-
5965 or 540-435-4352; or by E-Mail at T[email protected]om.
Product information and software updates are available for download at www.comsonics.com.
RETURN INFORMATIONRETURN INFORMATION
Safely package products returned for repair, calibration, etc. Please enclose contact information as well as
a brief description of the reason for return. Ship product prepaid to:
ComSonics, Inc.
1350 Port Republic Road
Post Oce Box 1106
Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA
LIMITED WARRANTY (CONT.)LIMITED WARRANTY (CONT.)
• With the unit on, press and hold the POWER ONPOWER ON button for 4 seconds. Once released "Pro" will be
displayed at the top of the LCD.
• To scroll through the main menu headings, press the FREQUENCY/FUNCTIONFREQUENCY/FUNCTION key.
• To enter a selection's sub-menu press the UP ARROW (GAIN UP)UP ARROW (GAIN UP) key.
• TO browse a selection’s menu, press the FREQUENCY/FUNCTIONFREQUENCY/FUNCTION key.
• If the sub-menu, once the desired option is selected, then exiting the sub-menu after toggling to
the desired setting, will save the selection.
• To exit a selection's sub-menu use the DOWN ARROW (GAIN DOWN)DOWN ARROW (GAIN DOWN) button.
• Exit the programming menu from the main menue by pressing the POWER ONPOWER ON button. This return
to the normal operation mode.
CHANGING PRESET FUNCTIONS, MODES & FREQUENCIESCHANGING PRESET FUNCTIONS, MODES & FREQUENCIES
The SnapTRACK operating modes, frequencies and other functions are user programmable and can be
changed at anytime through a quick selection process in the programming menu.
To select the programming options for software versions 5.0 and greater:software versions 5.0 and greater:
RECEIVERRECEIVER
• Press and hold depressed the POWER ON button.
• Pressing the FREQUENCY button will toggle through available configurations. Repeat pressing
until ‘u5’ is displayed in the FREQUENCY INDICATOR section of the LCD.
• Release the POWER ON button. ‘PRO’ will be displayed on the LCD.
• Press the FREQUENCY button to toggle through the available frequencies.
• To select and store the desired frequency press and hold the FREQUENCY button for 2 seconds.
The count of the selected frequency will be displayed on the LCD.
• Continue to toggle through and select the desired frequencies,
• Press the POWER ON button to shut the unit o. This will save the selected frequencies for
availability during normal operation.
To select the desired frequency set for software versions 3.43 and greater:software versions 3.43 and greater:
TRANSMITTERTRANSMITTER

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TRANSMITTER CONTROLS & INDICATORSTRANSMITTER CONTROLS & INDICATORS
TX OUTPUT JACKTX OUTPUT JACK
The RED/BLACK CORD, Coupler and FLEXICOUPLER connects here to create a circuit on the buried
utility.
FREQUENCY SELECTORFREQUENCY SELECTOR
This button toggles through the available frequencies. The selected frequency is displayed on the LCD.
When dual frequency transmission options are selected, indicated by the F1 & F2 icons to the right
large numeric segments, the frequencies will flash from one to another.
SIGNAL INDICATOR (VISUAL & AUDIBLE)SIGNAL INDICATOR (VISUAL & AUDIBLE)
The Signal Indicator symbol flashes to indicate signal output.
The quick triple beep audible tone indicates the circuit is open and no signal is being transmitted. A
steady continuous beep indicates a closed circuit and signal is transmitted . When the indicator blinks
4 times per second, it is indicating a nearly short circuit. When the indicator blinks 1 time every 10
seconds, it is indicating a nearly open circuit.
ON/OFF & OUTPUT SIGNAL LEVEL CONTROLON/OFF & OUTPUT SIGNAL LEVEL CONTROL
The ON/OFF & OUTPUT SIGNAL LEVEL CONTROL turns the unit on. With a short press it will adjust
the power output from the TRANSMITTER. There are 3 selections on the standard power settings.
Holding down the Output Signal Level button for 2 Seconds will turn the unit o.
High Power Output is a SHOCK HAZARD - Lethal voltages at the transmitter's output. Turn o
transmitter before touching test lead or any un-insulated conductor. Make connection to ground and
target conductor before turning on transmitter.
SIGNAL INFORMATION SELECTORSIGNAL INFORMATION SELECTOR
The unit can display the relative resistance, current and voltage of the transmitted signal. The resis-
tance is based on the feed back from the selected frequency and is not an actual impedance meter.
The selections can be toggled by pressing the SIGNAL INFORMATION button.
1.816.353.2100 www.rycominstruments.com
TX OUTPUT JACK
The red/Black cord, Coupler and FlexicouPler connects here to create a circuit on the buried utility.
FREQUENCY SELECTOR
This button toggles through the available frequencies. The selected frequency is displayed on the
LCD. When dual frequency transmission options are selected, indicated by the F1 & F2 icons to the
right large numeric segments, the frequencies will flash from one to another.
SIGNAL INDICATOR (visual & audible)
The Signal Indicator symbol flashes to indicate signal output.
The quick triple beep audible tone indicates the circuit is open and no signal is being transmitted.
A steady continuous beep indicates a closed circuit and signal is transmitted . When the indicator
blinks 4 times per second, it is indicating a nearly short circuit. When the indicator blinks 1 time every
10 seconds, it is indicating a nearly open circuit.
ON/OFF & OUTPUT SIGNAL LEVEL CONTROL
The ON/OFF & OUTPUT SIGNAL LEVEL CONTROL turns the unit on. With a short press it will adjust the
power output from the TransmiTTer. There are 3 selections on the standard power settings. Holding
down the Output Signal Level button for 2 Seconds will turn the unit off.
High Power Output is a SHOCK HAZARD - Lethal voltages at the transmitter's output. Turn off transmitter
before touching test lead or any un-insulated conductor. Make connection to ground and target
conductor before turning on transmitter.
SIGNAL INFORMATION SELECTOR
The unit can display the relative resistance, current and voltage of the transmitted signal. The resis-
tance is based on the feed back from the selected frequency and is not an actual impedance
meter. The selections can be toggled by pressing the SIGNAL INFORMATION button.
transmitter Controls & indiCators
WARNING!
Output
Signal
Indicator
8869
kM
v
mA
DFF
kHz
F.1
F.2
kM
v
mA
DFF
kHz
F.1
F.2
Power
On & Off
Frequency
Selector
Battery Condition
Indicator
Signal
Indicators
Power
On & Off
&
Output
Signal
Level Control
Tx
Output Jack
Frequency
Indicator
Relative
Resistance,
Voltage, Current
WARNING!

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Direct Connection is the most reliable method of
signal application. This method is relatively free
of interference. The greatest amount of signal
strength can be achieved by this method. Low,
mid, and high frequency may be used. The far end
of the utility must be grounded.
Connect the RED TEST CORD to an existing
ground point or an exposed metallic section of
the utility. Place the GROUND ROD approximately
10 feet from this point, at an angle of 90º to the
buried cable or pipe. Push the GROUND ROD into
the ground 8 to 10 inches. Connect the BLACK
TEST CORD to the GROUND ROD.
Plug the RED/BLACK TEST CORD into the TX
OUTPUT JACK. Select the desired frequency. The
Signal Output Indicator will flash once signal is
established.
DIRECT CONNECTIONDIRECT CONNECTION
The optional FLEXICOUPLER and HARD COUPLER are very easy to use, and services do not have to be
interrupted. The operation range is shorter than for Direct Connection methods. The tracing signal can be
aected by neighboring cables and pipes. The RED/BLACK TEST CORD or the GROUND ROD are not needed
for this method.
COUPLER & FLEXICOUPLER CONNECTIONCOUPLER & FLEXICOUPLER CONNECTION
Successful COUPLER operation requires an
insulated conductor that is grounded on both
near and far ends.
Loop the FLEXICOUPLER around the cable
and connect the two ends, or clamp the HARD
COUPLER around the cable. It is important to
connect the COUPLER around the cable needing
to be traced. Connect the COUPLER around the
wire closer to the outgoing cable not near the
system ground. The result will be a stronger
signal. By connecting near the grounding, the
range will also be shorter, and diculty may arise
determining one cable from another.
Plug the COUPLER into the TX OUTPUT JACK.
Some couplers are frequency specific, others can
operate on medium and high frequencies.

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INDUCTIVE CONNECTIONINDUCTIVE CONNECTION
This method is convenient to use, and services are not interrupted. No test cords or connections are
needed. The cable or pipe must have good insulation or non-conductive coating, or the operating
range will be short.
Turn the TRANSMITTER ON. This method of signal application only works on frequencies from 33kHz
through 478 kHz. PLACE TRANSMITTER IN ITS SIDEPLACE TRANSMITTER IN ITS SIDE as close as possible to the path of the cable or
pipe. Align the ARROWS on the SIDE OF THE TRANSMITTER in line with the cable or pipe. First, locate
the broad TRANSMITTER Null, then move toward the expected cable path while looking for the signal
carried by the cable.
Start tracing the path with the RECEIVER 25 feet from the TRANSMITTER. Search in the 90º zone as
shown above. Locate the cable or pipe, and follow the path. If the signal becomes weak, move the
TRANSMITTER to a point 25 feet behind the last strong signal, and continue searching.
BLIND SEARCHBLIND SEARCH
The Blind Search locating techniques is used if the operator is not aware if a buried utility exists. Two
people are needed for this technique. The TRANSMITTER and the RECEIVER are Held 25 feet away
from each other. Each operator walks at the same speed keeping a distance of 25 feet from each other.
When the receiver gives an audio response, then a buried utility is present between the RECEIVER and
the TRANSMITTER.

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The choice of frequency is dependent on the conditions of the locate. It is generally accepted that
lower frequencies provide a more accurate locate. Therefore it is generally advised to use the lowest
frequency that eectively conducts on the target line. Lower frequencies are less likely to bleed onto
adjacent non-target lines, but low frequencies are less eective at locating higher-resistant conductors.
FREQUENCY RANGESFREQUENCY RANGES
Frequencies are classified into three major categories, Low, Medium and High and they are classified
as follows:
FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICSFREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS
The low, medium and high frequencies each have their advantages. It is recommended to begin by
using a low frequency, and continue as long as you are confident in the results. If the signal is very
weak try to adjust the connection or grounding. If there is no improvement in signal then try mid-
range frequencies. Again, if there is weak or absent signal, repeat adjustments of the grounding and
connection point before switching to a high frequency.
The method of signal application may dictate the frequencies used. While direct connection can be
performed on any frequencies, coupler induction will only work with medium and high frequencies
and transmitter induction will only work on the highest of the medium frequencies (33kHz) and high
frequencies.
Low FrequenciesLow Frequencies are usually preferred to the mid-range frequencies and high frequencies because they
are less susceptible to locating errors caused by coupling of signal to adjacent conductors, cables or
pipes. The low frequency locating range is also much longer than the medium and high frequencies.
Low frequencies will not travel well on highly resistive lines or conductors that have interruptions in
their continuity (e.g. disconnected shield bonds or insulated pipe bushing). Low frequencies may only
be applied via direct connection.
Medium FrequenciesMedium Frequencies take the best of both high and low frequencies. Medium frequencies are not as
susceptible to bleed o or coupling as the high frequencies, and medium frequencies can jump minor
breaks in continuity and conduct on higher resistant lines better than low frequencies. It is still best
to use low frequencies whenever eective, but 8 kHz and 33kHz are of the most common frequencies
used in locating. Medium frequencies may be applied via direct connection and via coupler induction
[Note: 33kHz may be applied via transmitter induction].
High FrequenciesHigh Frequencies are sometimes better than the low frequencies for locating highly resistant lines as
well as conductors that have breaks in their continuity (e.g. disconnected shield bonds or insulated
pipe bushing). The locating range is quite short for the high frequencies so the TRANSMITTER must
be repositioned more often during the tracing operation. High frequencies may be applied via direct
connection, coupler induction and transmitter induction.
SELECTING THE TRACING SIGNALSELECTING THE TRACING SIGNAL
FROM:
• Low Frequencies < 1 kHz (1000 Hz) e.g. 512 Hz, 640 Hz, 815 Hz e.g. 4
• Medium Frequencies 1 kHz to 44 kHz kHz, 8 kHz, 33 kHz e.g. 65 kHz,
• High Frequencies 44 kHz to 480 kHz 82 kHz, 200 kHz
TO:
• Low Frequencies < 1 kHz (1000 Hz) e.g. 512 Hz, 640 Hz, 815 Hz
• Medium Frequencies 1 kHz to 44 kHz e.g. 4kHz, 8 kHz, 33 kHz
• High Frequencies 44 kHz to 480 kHz e.g. 65 kHz, 82 kHz, 200 kHz

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SNAPTRACK RECEIVER CONTROLS & INDICATORSSNAPTRACK RECEIVER CONTROLS & INDICATORS
ON/OFF BUTTONON/OFF BUTTON
This is a multi-use button that controls power on/o and enters the programming mode allowing the
user to customize the operations of the system.
Unit On/OUnit On/O - When o press once to turn the unit on. The unit will load settings from previous
usage. Automatic shut o after 10 minute of no use.
Programming ModeProgramming Mode - A long press of 3 seconds will enter the programming menu. A short press
will exit the programming mode from the main menu.
FREQUENCY & FUNCTION SELECTFREQUENCY & FUNCTION SELECT - This is a multi-use button that selects frequency through a short
press and operationa modes though a long press.
FrequencyFrequency - A short press of the Frequency/Function button toggles through available selected
active and passive frequencies.
Note: Some frequencies are only available in certain modes and some modes will only be
available with certain frequencies. The available selectable frequencies can be edited within the
programing menu.
Mode SelectMode Select - A long press (press and hold for 2 seconds) will toggle through available modes.
PEAK, PINPOINT PEAK, NULL, LEFT/RIGHT, and SONDE locating modes.
Note: The available selectable modes can be edited within the programing menu.
GAIN BUTTON (UP OR DOWN)GAIN BUTTON (UP OR DOWN)
Adjusts the gain up or down. If the graph shows signal strength o scale, pressing the GAIN will
automatically adjust to 50% on the scale display.

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The optional PATHLINK feature enables the user to remotely control the transmitter with the receiver.
The frequency and power output of the transmitted signal can be controlled up to 800 meters (874
yards).
If your unit does not have the PathLink module, the program will not allow the menu to select the
option on.
TURNING ON AND OFF PATHLINKTURNING ON AND OFF PATHLINK
CHANGING THE TRANSMITTED FREQUENCY WITH PATHLINKCHANGING THE TRANSMITTED FREQUENCY WITH PATHLINK
Note: In P-Link mode the manual digital depth engaged by the SHIFT/LOG/DEPTH key is disabled and
the automatic depth function is enabled.
PATHLINK CONTROLSPATHLINK CONTROLS
• To turn on the remote control feature, PATHLINK, start with the unit on.
• Press and hold depressed the Function button (POWER ON/OFFPOWER ON/OFF) for 10 seconds.
• “Pro” will display at the top of the LCD.
• Using the GAIN DOWNGAIN DOWN key scroll through the primary menu to “P-Link”.
• Use the GAIN UPGAIN UP key to select the P-Link Menu.
• Use the GAIN UPGAIN UP key to select the to select P-Link “on” or “off”.
• Exit the P-Link Menu submenu by pressing the On/O - FunctionOn/O - Function button.
• To exit the Programming menu and return to locating, press and hold the On/O -On/O -
FunctionFunction key for 4 seconds.
• In a moment the PathLink Indicator will be displayed on the receiver LCD indicating
the unit has linked with the transmitter.
Select the desired active frequency by pressing the Frequency key. Once the desired
frequency is selected, pressing the SHIFT/LOG/DEPTH button will remotely select the
frequency on the Transmitter. The icon of the transmitter will flash momentarily then
becoming solid confirming the selected frequency has been set at the transmitter. If the
transmission is incomplete or if the frequency requested is not available, then the symbol
will continue to flash.

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There is a variety of locating modes available in the SnapTRACK unit. PEAK, PINPOINT PEAK, NULL
LEFT/RIGHT GUIDANCE, SONDE, DFF & ACC. To toggle through PEAK, PINPOINT PEAK & NULL
simple press the mode button. To toggle to SONDE mode hold the MODE button for 5 seconds and
release. DFF and ACC modes are only selectable when an appropriate accessory is plugged
into the accessory port in the handle of the receiver.
LOCATING MODESLOCATING MODES
Peak and Pin Point Peak modes have less error rates than
the null locating mode in most circumstances. The peak
mode location indication should be verified by the null to
ensure locating accuracy.
With the Receiver in a vertical position. Move the
Receiver left to right across the path. When the Receiver
is directly above the cable or pipe, rotate the Receiver for
a maximum signal. As you move the
Receiver away from the cable path, the meter reading
(and audio frequency response) will drop o.
The Left/Right arrows operate o of the Null reading.
By utilizing the Left/Right arrows while in Peak mode
the user can simultaneously locate in both modes thus
quickly identifying the match or discrepancy between
the Peak and the Null reading.
PEAK MODE LOCATINGPEAK MODE LOCATING
If you rotate the RECEIVER while over the cable, a sharp NULL will identify the cable’s direction. It is
aligned with the flat side of the RECEIVER.

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a) a junction where the signal divides and goes several directions.
b) a break in the cable or shield.
c) a change in the depth of the cable or pipe.
d) an insulated pipe fitting.
e) a slack loop of cable.
If you can no longer trace the path, even with the GAIN set to maximum, connect the TRANSMITTER to
the far end of the path and trace back to the point where you lost the signal.
Mark the straight sections of the path every few feet. Mark sharp curves, loops, and cable bundles
every few inches. Sharp changes in the path cause the RECEIVER PEAK and NULL indi-cations to
behave dierently than when tracing a straight path. Practice on the path that you know has turns and
laterals in it. This will help you to recognize the conditions within the field.
Trace the path by walking away from the TRANSMITTER at a moderate pace. Move the RECEIVER to
the left and right while walking, following the PEAK indications.
As you trace the path, the PEAK meter reading may slowly fade as you move away from the
TRANSMITTER. Press and release the GAIN buttons as needed to compensate for changes in level
(higher or lower). One of the following may occur:
NULL MODE LOCATINGNULL MODE LOCATING
Move the RECEIVER left to right across the cable path. When the RECEIVER is directly above the cable
or pipe, a NULL (lowest meter reading and lowest audio tone) will occur. When moving the RECEIVER
to left or right of the NULL point, the meter reading will rise to a maximum point (PEAK). The audio
tone will also be at its highest pitch. When the RECEIVER is moved beyond the PEAK, the meter
reading will begin to fade.
Trace the path by walking away from the TRANSMITTER at a moderate pace. Move the RECEIVER to
the left and right when walking, following the NULL indications.
It is expected that in areas of distortion and interference the Null locating mode will have a greater
error rate than the Peak locating mode.

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LEFT RIGHT AUTO GAIN DIRECTIONAL LOCATINGLEFT RIGHT AUTO GAIN DIRECTIONAL LOCATING
In this mode the unit will display directional arrows to the
conductor. The audio indicator will provide a solid tone on one
side of the conductor and a pulsed tone on the opposite side of
the conductor. When the unit is centered in the electromagnetic
field the tone will null and the depth will briefly display at the
top of the LCD. This mode is gain independent.
The Left/Right arrows operate o of the Null reading and will
have the same error rate as the Null locating mode. By utilizing
the Left/Right arrows with the absolute signal strength reading
the user can simultaneously locate with both Peak and Null
modes, thus quickly identifying the match or discrepancy
between the Peak and the Null reading.
ABSOLUTE SIGNAL STRENGTHABSOLUTE SIGNAL STRENGTH
The SnapTRACK RECEIVER provides the operator with a direct measurement of the RECEIVER’S
signal strength. The measurement is displayed with three numerical digits (ex: 485) located at the
top of the LCD display. The measurement range is from 0 to 999 indicating a very week signal (0)
to a very strong signal (999). Absolute Signal Strength is independent of the GAIN setting or meter
reading. It gives the operator information about the actual amount of signal being radiated from the
conductor and received by the RECEIVER.
Measuring Absolute Signal Strength at any time is done by reading the number at the top of the LCD
display. The Absolute Signal Strength will not be displayed if the meter reading is too high or too low.
Adjust the GAIN to move the meter reading to mid-scale. The numerical display will change from ‘---’
to a valid measurement.
Absolute Signal Strength measurements are more sensitive to signal changes than the meter display.
PEAKS and NULLS can be more precisely pin-pointed. This measurement can also be used to monitor
signal loss as the conductor is being traced.
GAIN LEVEL INDICATIONGAIN LEVEL INDICATION
The GAIN up and down buttons are used to increase and decrease the gain in small amounts. If the
meter reading is very low, pressing the GAIN up button will center the meter reading to mid-scale.
Likewise, if the meter reading is very high, pressing the GAIN down button will center the meter
reading to mid-scale.

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PASSIVE 50/60 HZ LOCATINGPASSIVE 50/60 HZ LOCATING
The SnapTRACK RECEIVER is capable of locating power utility frequencies. This MODE is useful for
locating underground primary and secondary power utilities. In certain circumstances, this MODE
will also locate water pipes, sewer lines, cable television, and telephone. The reason is that common
electrical grounds are sometimes found among these various utilities. Select 50Hz or 60Hz frequency
on the RECEIVER. PINPOINT PEAK mode will automatically be selected as the preferred method to
locate the conductor in passive power mode.
This method is useful because of its speed and convenience. Start at a known reference point and
keep in mind that other conductors in the area may produce this same locating signal.
The TRANSMITTER is not required to locate in this mode.
Note: The unit of depth measurement determines the selection of either 50Hz or 60Hz passive
mode. The unit is configured for 50Hz when in Metric Measurement mode and 60Hz when in English
Measurement Mode. To change unit of measurement press and hold the frequency button for 10
seconds, when released the unit will toggle measurement units.
PASSIVE RADIO FREQUENCY LOCATINGPASSIVE RADIO FREQUENCY LOCATING
The SnapTRACK RECEIVER is capable of passively locating metallic utilities where radio frequencies
have coupled to the utility. This mode is useful for sweeping a green area for utilities. In certain
circumstances, this mode will locate water pipes, cable television, gas lines and telephone. This locating
option does not always detect buried utilities even when radio frequencies are present. This method is
useful because of its speed and convenience. Start at a known reference point and keep in mind that
other conductors in the area may produce this same locating signal.
The TRANSMITTER is not required to locate in this mode.
PASSIVE RECTIFIER CP LOCATINGPASSIVE RECTIFIER CP LOCATING
The SnapTRACK RECEIVER is capable of locating the rectified signal of Cathodically Protected utilities
at 120Hz and 100Hz. This method is useful because of its speed and convenience. Start at a known
ref-erence point and keep in mind that other conductors in the area may produce this same locating
signal.
Note: The unit of depth measurement determines the selection of either 100Hz or 120Hz passive mode.
The unit is configured for 100Hz when in Metric Measurement mode (for 50Hz power) and 120Hz (for
60Hz power) when in English Measurement Mode. To change unit of measurement press and hold the
frequency button for 10 seconds, when released the unit will toggle measurement units.
The TRANSMITTER is not required to locate in this mode.

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PUSH BUTTON DEPTHPUSH BUTTON DEPTH The only way to be sure of the depth of a utility is to exposes the utility.
At any given time, the depth readout may be inaccurate.
The SnapTRACK Receiver can perform digital depth measurement. The
depth is displayed at the top of the LCD display in centimeters or feet and
inches. Push button depth is useful in quickly estimating the depth of the
conductor during path locating.
Begin this measurement by locating the path of the cable or pipe. Stay
at least 15 feet (4.6 meters) away from the Transmitter. Pin-point this
location as accurately as possible (see Peak Mode Locating page 19, Null
Mode Locating page 20 and Absolute Signal Strength page 21). Place the
Receiver vertically over the conductor and rest the foot of the locator
on the ground. While holding the Receiver vertical, press and release the
DEPTH button. The Receiver will briefly indicate a measurement is being
performed and then display the depth at the top of the LCD display.
Caution must be exercised when using the push button depth feature, as
tilted magnetic fields and adjacent conductors can significantly influence
this measurement. The operator should periodically check for adjacent
conductors and tilted magnetic fields when taking push button depth
readings. For information on identifying tilted magnetic fields, refer to
Tilted Magnetic Field Identification and Depth Measurement 45º Method.
Depth is determined by reading the electromagnetic field radiating from
the conductor. The field must be even and circular for the most accurate
reading. Interference of this field may be caused by bends in the cable,
faults on the target conductor and signals radiating from adjacent non-
target conductors. Interference will warp the field and skew the depth
reading. The only way to be sure of the depth of a utility is to expose the
utility. At any given time, the depth readout may be inaccurate.
The following are methods and procedures that will aid in increasing the
reliability and testing the accuracy of the depth reading:
• Take depth readings at least 5 yards from cable bends or depth
changes. Follow the cable both forward 5 yards and backward 5
yards, ensuring the line is straight and there is a consistent signal
strength reading.
• Check for non-target conductors within 5 yards of the target cable.
Sweep the
• area looking for coupled signals into both the tracks and adjacent
cables. Adjacent conductors carrying the locate signal can result in
a 50% error rate of the depth reading.
• Test for interference in the magnetic field by comparing the PEAK
location to the Null location. The determined cable position by these
methods should be within 3 inches of each other. A greater disparity
will indicate interference resulting in inaccurate depth.
• Place the receiver vertically over the conductor and perpendicular
to the conductor. Rest the foot of the locator on the ground. Take
several depth
• readings moving slightly across the perpendicular plane to the
conductor looking for the lowest depth reading.
• Once the lowest depth reading is found, take several readings.
Each reading should be within one inch of the other reading. Wider
variation will indicate interference resulting in inaccurate depth.
• Lift the receiver up 12 inches and take a depth reading. The reading
should reflect the change in distance accordingly. If not, interference
is present resulting in inaccurate depth.
• Verify the depth reading using the triangulation method as
described below:
• Mark the path on the ground as precisely as possible using the
Null method.
• Place the Receiver on the ground with the LCD meter facing up.
Position the unit so that the Bubble Level on top of the meter is
centered (45º).
• Pull the Receiver away from the cable path (at 90º to the cable
path) keeping the Bubble Level centered.
• When the receiver indicates a Null reading, mark the location of
the receiver’s foot. The distance between the Receiver and the
cable path is the depth of the pipe or cable. A false depth reading
may be caused by nearby buried metallic objects, such as a
second cable, pipe, sewer, fence or railroad track.
• Confirm the depth measurement by repeating the above steps on
the opposite side of the pipe or cable.
• A variance greater than 5 inches in depth measurement may
indicate interference from adjacent cables, pipes or other objects.
• Peak & Null readings match
• From the Peak/Null location take several readings across cable.
• Mark position indicated by lowest depth reading.
• While stationary take multiple depth readings.
• Reading should be consistent.

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DEPTH MEASUREMENT 45º ANGLE METHODDEPTH MEASUREMENT 45º ANGLE METHOD
Move to the location you want to measure depth. Stay at least 15 feet away from the TRANSMITTER.
Move the RECEIVER left to right across the path until the cable is located. Mark the path on the ground
as precisely as possible using the Null Method.
Place the RECEIVER on the ground with the LCD meter facing up. Position the unit so that the BUBBLE
LEVEL on top of the meter is centered (45º). Pull the RECEIVER away from the cable path (at 90º to
the cable path) keeping the BUBBLE LEVEL centered. When the receiver indicates a NULL reading,
mark the location of the receiver’s foot. The distance between the RECEIVER and the cable path is the
depth of the pipe or cable.
A false depth reading may be caused by nearby buried metallic objects, such as a second cable, pipe,
sewer, fence or railroad track. Confirm the depth measurement by repeating the above steps on the
opposite side of the pipe or cable.
A variance greater than 5 inches in depth measurement may indicate the presence of additional buried
cables, pipes or other objects.
The SnapTRACK RECEIVER contains a feature that is very useful in identifying a desired cable in a
field of various conductors and/or utilities. It is not unusual for the target conductor (the conduc-tor
connected to the transmitter) to induce a signal into nearby conductors in a crowded field. In these
instances, the radiated signal on the conductors close to the surface of the earth, may be stronger
than the TRANSMITTER signal on the target conductor buried deep in the ground. The operator
will find two or more paths and must determine which is the target conductor. By using the current
measurement feature of the SnapTRACK RECEIVER, the operator can determine the amount of 815
Hz, 8 kHz, 33kHz or 82 kHz current flowing on the conductors, regardless of the depth. The highest
current flow indicates the target conductor.
Place the RECEIVER vertically over one of the conductor marks and rest the foot of the locator
on the ground. Holding the RECEIVER vertical, press and release the Shift Button & Depth button
simultaneously. When the meter changes from a “thermometer” type display to a “bar” type display,
hold the RECEIVER still until the measurement stabilizes. The blinking bar indicates the signal level
on the cable (adjusted for depth). Next, move to the second cable and repeat the measurement. The
blinking bar will show the signal level on the conductor. In addition, the previous reading is shown
as a solid bar. The higher of these two readings will show which con-ductor is carrying the greatest
locating signal.
CURRENT MEASUREMENTCURRENT MEASUREMENT

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TILTED MAGNETIC FIELD IDENTIFICATIONTILTED MAGNETIC FIELD IDENTIFICATION
When adjacent cables or pipes are present, they will sometimes create locating errors. Some of the
Transmitter signal is picked up by the adjacent conductors and is redirected so that it combines with
the original signal. The result is a Tilted Magnetic Field. This is often the reason that numeric depth
readouts are sometimes created in error.
The operator can verify the accuracy of path locate by performing a variety of tests.
• The 45º Angle Method locate on both sides of the cable path. If the right and left side
depth readings agree to within 5 inches, the path locate is accurate. If the two depth
readings do not agree, then dig with care. A closer locate would be halfway between the
two outside depth locate marks.
• Test for interference in the magnetic field by comparing the PEAK location to the Null
location. The determined cable position by these methods should be within 3 inches of
each other. A greater disparity will indicate interference resulting in inac-curate depth.
• NOTE: The Left/Right arrows operate o of the Null reading. By utilizing the Left/Right
arrows while in peak mode the user can simultaneously locate in both modes thus quickly
identifying the match or discrepancy between the Peak and the Null read-ing.
These are important techniques that should be used to ensure the most accurate location possible.

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Before you begin, you must choose a SONDE OR CAMERA HEAD that will match the same frequency
as the RECEIVER. You will need a SONDE with a frequency of 512Hz, 640Hz, 815Hz or 33kHz to use
with the SnapTRACKSnapTRACK Locator Receiver.
To select SONDE locating mode press and hold the MODE key for 5 seconds. When released the
SONDE ICON will be displayed on the LCD. Once in SONDE mode the FREQUENCY button will select
the available SONDE frequencies.
The key to SONDE locating success is practice and patience. Before going out on your first locate, it is
a good idea to take your RECEIVER and SONDE out and try locating the SONDE and calculating the
depth.
LOCATING A SONDE OR CAMERA HEADLOCATING A SONDE OR CAMERA HEAD
Attaching a push rod to the SONDE
can be accomplished by using the
coupling on the end of the SONDE.
A spring coupling is recommended
to allow the SONDE to move easier.
Or, if you need to attach the SONDE
to a sewer auger, it is recommended
you use duct tape and apply as the
shown in the figure below. If taping
the SONDE on a metal pushing
device, it is recommended to place
the battery side of the SONDE
closest to the device. This will allow
for the best performance. Wrap the
snake for approximately 1 foot in the
location where the SONDE is going
to be attached. Also attaching the
SONDE 18 inches behind the cutting
head is recommended. First, wrap
the SONDE in the duct tape and
then attach the SONDE to the snake
using the duct tape.
ATTACHING A PUSH DEVICE TO THE SONDEATTACHING A PUSH DEVICE TO THE SONDE

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LOCATING A SONDELOCATING A SONDE
Now move the RECEIVER side to side (across
the path of the pipe) as shown below. When
the PEAK if found, the RECEIVER is directly
over the SONDE. Mark this location. Next,
check for ghost signals in front of and in
back of the SONDE to confirm the location.
Start by following the suspected path of the
pipe. Stop locating when the PEAK reading
is found. Then rotate the RECEIVER as
shown in the figure below. When pivoting
the RECEIVER, do not change the vertical
position. The RECEIVER will indicate a PEAK
when the RECEIVER antenna is in line with
the SONDE.
Hold the RECEIVER antenna directly above and
in line with the SONDE, as shown below. The
RECEIVER sensitivity needs to be adjusted for a
meter reading indication between 60% to 80%.
The radiation pattern of the SONDE is shown
below. The PEAK signal is when the RECEIVER
is held directly over the SONDE with the antenna
in line with the SONDE. Both Ghost signals can
be located behind and in front of the SONDE. By
locating the ghost signals, the user is confirming
the accuracy of the locate.