Cromemco Z80 User manual

CROMEMCO

ZPU

Cromemeo

Specialists

in

computer

peripherals

2432 Charleston Rd., Mountain View, CA

94043

• (415) 964-7400

CROMEMCO

Z-80

CPU

Assembly

Instructions

If

you

purchased

your

Cromemco Z-80

CPU

as

a

kit,

you

will

find

that

the

assembly

is

easy

and

can

be

completed

in

about

one

evening.

All

components

are

inserted

from

the

component

side

of

the

pc

board

(the

side

with

the

white

printed

legend)

and

soldered

to

the

opposite

side.

Be

sure

to

use

high-qual-

ity

rosin

core

solder

for

the

assembly

and

a

fine-tipped

low

wattage

soldering

iron.

To

ease

assembly,

the

printed

legend

on

the

pc

board

shows

the

exact

position

and

orientation

of

every

component.

The

following

step-by-step

instructions

are

presented

to

guide

your

assembly:

( )

Solder

in

position

the

~-watt

5%

carbon

film

resistors:

Rl lK

(brown-black-red)

R2

lK

(brown-black-red)

R3

180

(brown-grey-brown)

R4

180

(brown-grey-brown)

R5

270

(red-violet-brown)

R6

270

(red-violet-brown)

R7

10K

(brown-black-orange)

R8

390

(orange-white-brown)

R9

330

(orange-orange-brown)

RIO

330

(orange-orange-brown)

Rll

lK

(brown-black-red)

R12

100

(brown-black-brown)

R13

180

(brown-grey-brown)

R14

100

(brown-black-brown)

R15

330

(orange-orange-brown)

R16

330

(orange-urange-brown)

R17

560

(green-blue-brown)

1

Z-80

CPU

Assembly

Instructions.

(cont.)

( )

Solder

in

position

sockets

for

all

ICs

(except

the

vOltage

regulators

ICI

and

IC2).

Also

install

IC

sockets

for

the

two

dual-

in

-1

ine

res

istor

packag;es:,

RNI

and

RN2,

and

install

an

IC

socket

at

position

Jl

to

accept

a

connection

from

the

front

panel.

( )

Install

the

26

capacitors

as

shown

on

the

pc

board.

WHEN

INSTALLING

THE

10 mfd

TANTALUM

CAPACITORS

MAKE

CERTAIN

THAT

THE

+

END

OF

THE

CAPACITOR

IS

ORIENTED

AS

SHOWN

ON

THE

PC

BOARD.

( )

Solder

in

position

the

single-in-line

resistor

network

(RN3)

noting

that

the

indentation

marking

1

of

the

package

should

be

oriented

toward

the

top

of

the

pc

board.

( )

Solder

in

position

the

single-in-line

resistor

network

RN4

noting

that

the

indentation

marking

1

of

the

package

should

be

oriented

toward

the

left

of

the

pc

board.

( )

Install

Ql,

a

2N3904

transistor,

with

the

flat

side

fac-

ing

the

top

of

the

pc

board.

( ) Next"

install

the

heatsink

and

voltage

regulator

ICs

(ICI

and

IC2)

in

the

upper

left-hand

corner

df

the

pc

board.

Take

care

that

none

of

the

leads

of

the

regulators

touches

the

side

of

the

opening

in

the

heat

sink.

( )

Solder

in

position

the

speed-select

control

switch

just

to

the

right

of

the

heatsink.

( )

Solder

in

position

the

8.0000

MHz

crystal

just

to

the

right

2

Z-80

CPU

Assembly

Instructions.

(cont.).

of

the

control

switch.

To

mechanically

secure

the

crystal

you may

solder

a

short

piece

of

#24

wire

to

the

hole

on

one

side

of

the

crystal,

pull

the

wire

tightly

over

the

top

of

the

crystal

through

the

hole

on

the

opposite

side

and

solder

it

in

place.

( )

Solder

in

position

the

four-,position

mini-dip

jump

address

select

switch

on

the

right

side

of

the

pc

board.

The

arrow

showing

the

closed

or

"on"

position

of

the

switch

should

point

to

the

right.

( )

Install

all

ICs

and

the

dual-in-line

resistor

networks

in

their

sockets.

For

the

Z-80 (ICS)

#1.

oriented

towards

the

lower

left

corner

of

the

board.

#1

of

all

other

ICs

is

oriented

towards

the

upper

left

corner

of

the

board.

TAKE

SPECIAL

CARE

TO

SEE

THAT

EACH

IC

IS

INSERTED

IN

THE

PROPER

SOCKET,

THAT

EACH

Ie

IS

ORIENTED

PROPERLY,

AND

THAT

EVERY

OF

EVERY

IC

HAS

PROPERLY

ENTERED

THE

SOCKET.

This

completes

the

construction

of

the

Cromemco

Z-8D

CPU

board.

Carefully

inspect

your

work

before

proceeding.

Take

particular

care·

to

see

that

there

are

no

inadvertent

s-aldeT

bridges

between

pads

you

have

soldered

and

adjacent

areas

of

foil.

3

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

The Cromemco

ZPU

is

an

S-lOO

bus

CPU

(Central

Processing

Unit)

using

the

powerful

Z-80

microprocessor.

This

CPU

is

used

in

Cromemco

computers

and

is

also

a

plug-in

replacement

for

the

CPU

card

used

in

the

Imsai

8080

and

Altair

8800

computers.

The Cromemco

ZPU

has

an

exclusive

set

of

features

to

increase

the

power

of

your

total

computing

system.

Most

important,

the

ZPU

was

designed

from

the

outset

for

reliable

operation

at

4MHz

clock

rate

-

twice

the

speed

of

most

microcomputer

systems.

The

ZPU

also

offers

an

on

board

wait

state

generator,

optional

independent

selection

of

MI

wait

states,

power

on

jump

capability,

address

mirroring

circuitry,

refresh

address

mirroring

circuitry,

and

other

features

all

discussed

in

this

section.

Power-on

jump.

Power-on

jump may

be

used

if

you

wish

to

have

your

computer

jump

to

any

4K

boundary

in

memory

fqllowing

.reset.

The

address

of

the

4K

boundary

is

selected

by

the

four

position

slide-switch

on

the

right

side

of

the

ZPU

card.

This

option

is

enabled

by

a

foil

trace

connecting

the

two

pins

marked

"jump

enable"

on

the

ZPU

card.

It

can

be

disabled

by

cutting

this

trace.

When

the

jump

enable

pins

are

connected

together,

a

hardware

jump

instruction

is

automatically

executed

following

a

reset

(the

run

switch

of

your

computer

must

also

be

activated

if

it

is

in

stop

mode).

For

computers

with

front

panel

switches

and

indicators

you

can

see

how

this

works

by

pres~ing

the

stop

switch

on

your

computer

front

panel

and

then

raising

the

reset

switch.

The number

C3

(303

octal)

should

appear

on

the

computer

data

lights.

This

is

the

op

code

of

the

hardware

jump

instruction.

Now

press

the

examine

on

the

front

panel;

all

zeros

4

Operating

Instructions

(cont.)

will

appear

on

the

data

lights

indicating

the

low

order

8

bits

of

the

jump

address.

Now

press

the

examine

again;

the

high

order

8

bits

of

the

jump

address

will

now

appear

on

the

data

lights.

The

low

order

four

bits

will

indicate

zeros.

The

high

order

four

bits

will

correspond

to

the

setting

of

the

four

position

jump

address

switch.

The

power-on

jump

circuitry

allows

the

ZPU

to

be

used

in

5-100

bus

systems

without

any

front-panel

controls

whatsoever

(e.g.

in

the

Cromemco

2-2

computer).

When

power

is

turned

on

program

execution

automatically

begins

at

the

location

in

memory

selected

by

the

four-position

slide

switch.

If

your

computer

has

both

"reset"

and

Hexamine"

front

panel

controls

note

that

the

function

of

each

of

these

switches

is

affected

when

the

automatic

jump

feature

is

enabled.

Following

re~et

the

first

instructi6n

executed

is

not

the

instruction

at

.

10cati6n

zero

in

'memory,

but

rather

is

the

instruction

generated

'on

the

ZPU

card

causing

a jump

to

the

location

specified

by

the

jump'address

switch.

After

a

reset

(assuming

that

the

computer

"is

stopped)

the

examine

switch

must

be

activated

twice

in

order,

to

examine

a memory

location:

once

to

clear

the'automatic

jump

and

a

second

time

to

perform

the

actual

examine

operation.

The

automatic

jump

feature

is

a

very

useful

one.

In

Cromemco

computers,

for

example,

the'Z-80

monitor

is

designed

to

reside

in

PROM

at

position

EOOO

in

memory

space.

The jump

address

switch

is

set

so

that

the

computer

automatically

jumps

to

the

monitor

following

reset.

To

do

this,

switch

positions

A15, A14,

A13

on

the

jump

address

switch

are

set

to

the

"1"

position

and'A12

is

set

to

the

"0"

position.

5

Operating

Instructions

(cont.)

Address

mirror

selection.

One

characteristic

of

the

8080

micro-

processor

is

that

the

8

bits

specifying

the

address

of

an

input

or

output

port

are

repeated

in

both

the

low

order

8

bits

and

the

high

order

8

bits

of

the

address

bus.

Although

this

characteris-

tic

is

not

inherent

to

the

newer

Z-80

microprocessor,

our

ZPU

card

is

designed

to

mimic

this

behavior

through

the

address

mirror

circuitry.

This

is

to

assure

compatability

of

our

ZPU

card

when

up-dating

older

8080

systems.

The

address

mirror

circuitry

is

automatically

enabled

by

the

short

piece

of

pc

board

foil

running

between

the

"AM"

pad

and

the

"ON"

pad

on

the

ZPU

card

between

IC7

and

IC8

on

the

card.

In

the

event

you

wish

to

disable

this

circuitry

this

short

piece

of

foil

should

be

severed,

and

a

small

jumper

wire

should

be

installed

connecting

the

"AM"·pad

to

the

"OFF" p(id.

Refresh

enable.

When

using

certain·

types

of

dynamic

memory

boards

that

require

that

the

refresh

address

provided

by

the

Z-80

is

mirrored

in

the

higher

order

address

bits,

a

jumper

wire

should

be

installed

between

the

two

pads

labeled

"RF8H

ENAB".

Normally

no

jumper

wire

is

installed

here.

4

MHz

Operation.

To

switch

from

2

MHz

operation

to

4

MHz

opera-

ation

simply

flick

the

speed

select

switch

on

the

ZPU

from

the

2

MHz

to

the

4

MHz

position.

Notice

that

the

line

previously

labeled

the

"stack"

line

oQ.

the

8-100

computer

bus

is

now

used

as

the

4

MHz

indicator

line.

If

you

use

the

ZPU

in

an

Altair

or

IM8AI

computer

your

stack

light

will

be

on

for

4

MHz

opera-

tion

and

off

for

2

MHz

operation.

(This

indicator

light

is

labeled

"4MHzll

on

the

fron.t

panel

of

the

Cromemco

Z-lcomputer.)

All

Cromemco

products

are

designed

for

reliable

operation

at

either

2

MHz

or

4

MHz

clock

frequencies.

6

Operating

Instructions

(cont.)

Wait

state

selection.

The

ZPU

feat~res

an

on

board

wait

state

generator

to

insert

optional

wait

states

between

the

T2

and

T3

cycles

of

each

machine

cycle.

This

is

particularly

useful

if

you

desire

4

MHz

processor

speed

using

memory

boards

designed

for

slower

Z

MHz

operation.

If

your

memory

boards

have

a

true

access

time

of

500

nanoseconds

or

faster

they

may

be

used

without

wait

states

at

Z

MHz

opera-

tion.

If

your

memory

boards

have

a

true

access

time

of

250

nanoseconds

or

faster

they

may

be

used

without

wait

states

at

4

MHz

operation.

In

each

of

these

cases

foil

traces

on

the

pc

board

select

zero

wait

states

as

follows:

one

trace

from

Ml

to

0;

one

trace

from

W

to

O.

This

is

shown

in

the

figure

.below:

Ml

o

1

2

.0

3 0

o

o I

w

PC

board

traces

select

zero

wait

states.

A

jumper

from

Wmay

be

used

to

select

0,

1,

Z,

or

3

wait

states·on

every

machine

cycle.

At Z

MHz

operation

each

wait

state

is

500

nanoseconds

long.

At 4

MHz

operation

each

wait

state

is250

nanoseconds

long.

The

Ml

jumper

may

be

used

to

select

one

additional

wait

state

on

Ml

cycles

only

if

you

so

choose.

BefQre

installing

such

jumper

wires

the

foil

traces

selecting

zero

wait

states

must

be

cut.

7

Operating

Instructions

(cont.)

Installation

in

Altair

or

Imsai

Computers

If

you

are

using

an

IMSAI

computer

the

cable

from

the

front

panel

may

be

plugged

directly

into

socket

Jl

on

the

ZPU

card.

For

the

Altair

computer

a DIP

plug

must

be

installed

in

place

of

the

Molex

connector

on

the

front

panel

cord;

in

doing

this

be

aware

that

the

data

lines

are

not

arranged

sequentially

on

the

Altair

connector

but

are

sequential

on

the

ZPU

card

as

shown:

Jl

III II1I1

D7 D6

DS

D4

D3

D2

Dl

DO

Arrangement

of

data

lines

on

Jl

of

ZPU

8

o 0 0 0 0

000

D3

D2

Dl

DO

D4

DS

D6

D7

Arrangement

of

data

lines

on

Molex

connector

of

Altair

CPU

card.

ZPU

PARTS

LIST

CAPACITORS

ClIO

uF

Tantalum

C2

.001

disc

ceramic

C3

.005

disc

ceramic

C4

.005

disc

ceramic

CS

0.1

disc

ceramic

C6

10 uF

Tantalum

C7

150 pF

disc

ceramic

C8

56

pF

disc

ceramic

C9

10 uF

Tantalum

C10

10 uF

Tantalum

Cll

-

C24

0.1

disc

ceramic

C25

150 pF

disc

ceramic

C26

.05

disc

ceramic

INTEGRATED

CIRCUITS

.

ICl,

IC2 LM340T-5

(or

7805)

IC3 74164

IC4 74157

lCS Z-80

(4MHz

Version)

IC6 74LS04

IC7 74LSlO

IC8 7400

lC9 7474

ICIO 7404

ICII

74367

lC12 74367

IC13 74367

IC14

74367

IC15 74LS04

IC16 74157

IC17 74LS10

lC18 7400

lC19 7474

Ie20

74LS04

IC21 7474

IC22 7408

IC23 74367

IC24 74367

IC2S 74367

IC26 74367

IC27 74367

Ie28

74S133

IC29 74164

IC30 7474

IC31 74LS04

IC32 7400

IC33 74LS04

IC34

74LSOO

IC3S 74LS02

IC36-41

74367

IC42 7408

IC43 74LS04 9

RESISTORS

Rl

1K

R2

1K

R3

180

R4

180

RS

270

R6

270

R7

10K

R8

390

R9

330

RIO

330

Rl1

1K

R12

100

R13

180

R14

100

R15

330

R16

330

R17

560

RN1

4.7K

RN2

1K

RN3

lK

RN4

1K

OTHER

resistor

network

resistor

network

resistor

network

resistor

network

Ql 2N3904

transistor

Xl 8

MHz

crystal

SWI

Speed

select

switch

SW2

Jump

address

switch

Heatsink

(DIP)

(SIP)

6-32

screws

and

nuts

(4

each)

24

gauge

wire

40

lC

socket

(1)

14

IC

sockets

(22)

16

Ie

sockets

(21)

Printed

circuit

board

SOFTWARE

Cromemco Z-80

Monitor

(paper

tape)

DOCUMENTATION

Z-80

Monitor

Manual

ZPU

Instruction

Manual

Z-80

CPU

Technical

Manual

WARRANTY

Your

factory-built

ZPU

is

warranted

against

defects

in

materials

and

workmanship

for

a

period

of

90

days

from

the

date

of

delivery.

We

will

repair

or

re-

place

products

that

prove

to

be

defective

during

the

warranty

period

provided

that

they

are

returned

to

Cromemco.

No

other

warranty

is

expressed

or

implied.

We

are

not

liable

for

consequential

damages.

Should

you

factory-built

ZPU

fail

after

the

warranty

period,

it

will

be

repaired

provided

that

it

is

re-

turned

to

Cromemco,

for

a

fixed

service

fee.

We

reserve

the

right

to

refuse

to

repair

any

product

that

in

our

opinion

has

been

subject

to

abnormal

electrical

or

mechanical

abuse.

The

service

fee

is

currently

$35

and

is

subject

to

change.

Your

assembled

ZPU

kit

will

be

repaired,

provided

that

it

is

returned

to

Cromemco,

for

a

fixed

service

fee.

We

reserve

the

right

to

refuse

repair

of

any

kit

that

in

our

opinion

has

not

been

asseIDb1ed

in

a

workmanlike

manner

or

has

been

subject

to

abnormal

electrical

or

mechanical

abuse.

Payment

of

the

service

fee

must

accompany

the

returned

merchandise.

The

service

fee

is

currently

$35

and

is

subject

to

change.

10

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Cromemco Z80 User manual

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