Dell PowerVault 745N Quick reference guide

Deployment Guide
Microsoft®Windows®Storage Server
2003 Feature Pack for
DellTM PowerVaultTM NAS Systems
Guidelines for Deployment of the
Feature Pack

Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
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Notes, Notices, and Cautions
NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your
computer.
NOTICE: A NOTICE indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells
you how to avoid the problem.
CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or
death.

Feature Pack Deployment Guide 3
Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................7
Overview of the Feature Pack ...........................................................................................8
Audience.......................................................................................................................8
Scope ...........................................................................................................................8
Feature Pack Documentation ............................................................................................9
Product Support ..............................................................................................................9
Chapter 1: Planning a Deployment .............................................................................11
Planning Deployment of the Windows Storage Server Computer .......................................12
Windows Storage Server Deployment Scenarios............................................................. 12
Low-Capacity Scenario .............................................................................................13
Medium-Capacity Scenario........................................................................................14
Medium-Capacity Network Configuration ...................................................................15
High-Capacity Scenario ............................................................................................16
Planning Deployment of the Exchange Server ..................................................................17
Planning the Network Topology ....................................................................................17
Planning the Move to the Windows Storage Server Computer .........................................18
Planning Exchange Cluster Configuration .......................................................................20
Remotely Storing Files from an Active/Passive Exchange Cluster .................................20
Remotely Storing Files from an Active/Active Exchange Cluster ...................................22
Planning for Security....................................................................................................22
Chapter 2: Installing the Feature Pack .......................................................................23
Components Installed with the Feature Pack....................................................................24
Windows Storage Server Computer ...........................................................................24
Exchange Server......................................................................................................24
Drive Mapping on the Exchange Server ...........................................................................25
Procedures for Installing the Feature Pack.......................................................................27
Meeting Installation Requirements ................................................................................27
Setting Up the Dedicated Network ................................................................................28
Editing the Hosts File ...................................................................................................29
Installing the Feature Pack on the Windows Storage Server Computer.............................30
Creating an SMB Share for Exchange Server Installation .................................................32
Installing the Feature Pack on an Exchange 2003 Server ................................................32

Contents
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 4
Installing Patches ..........................................................................................................33
Uninstalling the Feature Pack..........................................................................................33
Chapter 3: Moving Exchange Files to a NAS System...................................................37
Overview of the Remote Storage Tools for Exchange........................................................ 38
Shutdown Order for the Exchange and Windows Storage Server Computers.................38
Two Types of Move......................................................................................................38
Full Move ................................................................................................................38
Configuration Update ...............................................................................................39
How a Move Is Processed.............................................................................................39
Processing a Full Move .............................................................................................39
Processing a Configuration Update............................................................................40
Processing a Move for an Exchange Cluster ...............................................................40
Choosing a Remote Storage Tool ....................................................................................41
Moving Files to a Windows Storage Server Computer .......................................................42
Creating Shares to Host the Exchange Files ...................................................................42
Guidelines for Creating Shares .................................................................................. 42
Using the Administration Web UI to Create an Exchange Share ...................................43
Moving the Files ..........................................................................................................44
Guidelines for Moving Files .......................................................................................44
Moving Files by Using the Remote Storage Wizard .....................................................45
Moving Files by Using WSSExchMove.exe ..................................................................46
Verifying a Successful Move..........................................................................................47
Chapter 4: Using Exchange Tools and Applications ....................................................49
Planning for the Use of Exchange Tools and Applications with the Feature Pack .................50
Using ESEUtil.exe with the Feature Pack..........................................................................52
Run from the Server that Contains the Exchange Databases .......................................52
Run from the Exchange Server .................................................................................53
Run from either the Exchange Server or the Windows Storage Server..........................53
Using Exchange Applications with the Feature Pack..........................................................54
Running Backup and Restore ....................................................................................54
Using a Recovery Storage Group...............................................................................54
Using the Volume Shadow Copy Service ....................................................................55
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting.........................................................................................57
What do I do if my installation is not successful?........................................................58
How can I determine which version of the Feature Pack is installed? ...........................58
Which shares are hosting my Exchange databases and transaction logs? .....................58
My move did not complete successfully because shares could not be accessed.............58
My move was not successful because the databases could not be remounted. .............59

Contents
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 5
The DFS root or DFS links are missing on the Exchange server. ..................................59
The mapped drive that Exchange uses was deleted or is not being created..................60
Appendix A: Detailed Report Log File..........................................................................63
Viewing a Detailed Report Log File ..................................................................................64
Contents of the Detailed Report......................................................................................64
Report Header.........................................................................................................65
Storage Group.........................................................................................................65
Log Files .................................................................................................................66
System Files ............................................................................................................66
Store ......................................................................................................................67
Mapped Drive..........................................................................................................67
Distributed File System Structure ..............................................................................67
DFS Root ................................................................................................................68
DFS Links................................................................................................................68
WSSExchMapSvc .....................................................................................................69
Errors and Warnings Encountered During Execution ................................................... 69
Appendix B: Additional Resources ..............................................................................71
Installing the Feature Pack .......................................................................................72
Moving Exchange Files to a Windows Storage Server Computer ..................................72
Administering Exchange Databases ...........................................................................72
Testing Performance of the Exchange Server .............................................................73
Planning Security .....................................................................................................73

Contents
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 6

Feature Pack Deployment Guide 7
Introduction
This guide assists in the deployment of the Microsoft®Windows®Storage Server 2003 Feature
Pack on DellTM PowerVaultTM NAS systems. It includes topics such as installing the Feature
Pack, moving Exchange databases and transaction logs to the Windows Storage Server
computer, using Exchange database tools and applications with the Feature Pack, and
troubleshooting common problems that might occur when using Feature Pack.

Introduction
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 8
Overview of the Feature Pack
The Microsoft Windows Storage Server 2003 Feature Pack (Feature Pack) allows Microsoft
Exchange Server 2003 databases and transaction logs to be stored on Dell PowerVault network
attached storage (NAS) systems running Microsoft Windows Storage Server 2003. A single
Windows Storage Server computer running the Feature Pack can host the databases and
transaction logs of up to two Exchange servers and up to fifteen hundred Exchange mailboxes.
The Feature Pack installs new components on both the Windows Storage Server computer and
Exchange Server 2003. These components provide tools and services that allow Exchange
databases and transaction logs to be moved to a Windows Storage Server computer, and they
perform the necessary configuration updates to give Exchange Server 2003 access to the
remotely stored files.
Exchange database tools and applications that are currently being used by an organization can
still be used in conjunction with the Feature Pack within the limitations of the Feature Pack.
Audience
The primary audience for this Deployment Guide includes:
Network engineers who plan the components and the Feature Pack deployment.
Exchange and storage administrators who perform the installation and are responsible
for moving files to the storage server and for backing up and restoring the files.
It is assumed the reader is familiar with Exchange administration concepts, and has
experience with Windows Storage Server 2003.
Scope
The Deployment Guide includes guidelines for deploying the Feature Pack in low-end, mid-
level, and high-end Windows Storage Server installations, and in Exchange Server 2003
installations of either Standard or Enterprise Edition. Other topics include:
Specific instructions for installing the Feature Pack
Procedures for moving Exchange databases and transaction logs to the Windows
Storage Server computer
Examples of using Exchange database tools and applications with the Feature Pack
Troubleshooting common problems that might occur when using the Feature Pack
Although the Feature Pack is used in conjunction with the Exchange server, and with
Exchange tools and applications, there is no information provided in this guide about how
Exchange tools and applications work or how to use Exchange Server 2003. Additional
references point the reader to other documentation that is available to assist them in learning
more about Exchange Server 2003.

Introduction
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 9
Feature Pack Documentation
In addition to this Deployment Guide, other documentation for the Feature Pack is available in
several formats.
Table 1: Additional Documentation for the Feature Pack
Type of Documentation Description
Context-Sensitive Help for the
Remote Storage Wizard
The Remote Storage Wizard on the Exchange Server is a Feature Pack tool that
includes context-sensitive help topics accessible by using a Help button on each
wizard page.
Context-Sensitive Web UI Help A new task, for creating an SMB share for use with Exchange databases and
transaction logs, has been added to the Shares section of the Web UI. It includes
context-sensitive Help topics.
Help for Remote Storage Tools
For Exchange
A stand-alone HTML Help system (.chm) is provided for the WSSExchMove.exe
command-line tool.
Windows Storage Server 2003
Feature Pack Installation Guide
The Installation Guide presents hands-on procedures for immediate use during the
physical installation of the software and hardware, and for the initial transfer of
files to the Windows Storage Server computer. It is included in the Feature Pack
Installation Package available at support.dell.com and is installed on both the
Windows Storage Server computer and the Exchange server during the installation
process.
Release Notes The release notes include information about late-breaking bugs or workarounds for
known issues. The file is included in the Feature Pack Installation Package
available at support.dell.com.
Additional resources are cited when information exists outside this Deployment Guide that
provides reference material related to the topic. For a listing of all references that are cited in the
Deployment Guide, see Appendix B, “Additional Resources.”
Product Support
For the latest product information and updates, see the Dell support web site at:
http://support.dell.com.
For information on how to contact Dell Technical Support by phone, fax or e-mail, see:
http://www.dell.com/us/en/gen/contact.htm.

Introduction
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 1

Feature Pack Deployment Guide 11
CHAPTER 1
Planning a Deployment
The Microsoft Windows Storage Server 2003 Feature Pack enables organizations to consolidate
Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 database and transaction logs on a single Windows Storage
Server computer. This chapter describes how to plan the deployment of the Feature Pack. A
thorough deployment plan is essential to minimize downtime during Feature Pack installation.

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 12
Planning Deployment of the Windows Storage
Server Computer
The Feature Pack supports a total of 1,500 Exchange mailboxes on one or two active Exchange
servers that are connected to one Windows Storage Server computer.
Supported configurations include:
One or two stand-alone Exchange servers
One or two active/passive two-node Exchange clusters
One active/passive two-node Exchange cluster and one stand-alone Exchange server
One active/active two-node Exchange cluster
To ensure that the Feature Pack deployment proceeds smoothly, it is important to carefully plan
server and network configurations before beginning the deployment.
Notice
The Feature Pack does not support NAS clusters. Do not install the Feature Pack
on Dell PowerVault NAS Systems in a cluster configuration.
Windows Storage Server Deployment Scenarios
Most deployments of Windows Storage Server 2003 involve one of the following scenarios,
depending upon the mailbox requirements of the system:
Low-capacity scenario (for up to 250 mailboxes)
Medium-capacity scenario (for up to 750 mailboxes)
High-capacity scenario (for up to 1,500 mailboxes)
The following sections describe the recommended configuration for each of these scenarios. For
both performance and security reasons, a dedicated Gigabit network is recommended for
Exchange traffic between the Exchange server and the Windows Storage Server computer in all
scenarios. In each scenario, the Windows Storage Server and Exchange servers must be in the
same Active Directory. All disk partitions on the Windows Storage Server computer should use
the NTFS file system.
Note
The maximum number of Exchange mailboxes supported in a given configuration
depends on variables such as network configuration as well as the frequency and
type of use by the average Exchange user. The recommended number of mailboxes
for each scenario is based upon the assumption that the Windows Storage Server
computer (NAS system) is dedicated to the storing of Exchange databases and
transaction logs. If the NAS system is also used for general-purpose user file sharing,
the resulting performance impact must be taken into account when determining the
proper number of maximum Exchange mailboxes for a given configuration.

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 13
Low-Capacity Scenario
The low-capacity scenario supports up to 250 mailboxes on one Exchange 2003 server.
Table 1.1 Low-Capacity Scenario for Exchange 2003
Configuration
Component Specifications
Capacity One Exchange 2003 server and one Dell PowerVault NAS Storage Server 2003
system, supporting a total of 250 mailboxes
Windows Storage
Server computer
One Dell PowerVault NAS Storage Server 2003 system
512 MB of RAM
Four disk drives for storing Exchange databases
One Gigabit Ethernet adapter and one 10/100 or greater Ethernet adapter
Exchange server One Gigabit Ethernet adapter and one 10/100 or greater Ethernet adapter
Disk drive The Exchange databases are stored on a RAID-5 volume that spans four disk drives
on the Windows Storage Server computer. The Exchange transaction logs are
stored on the direct attached storage (DAS) drive on the Exchange server.
Network A dedicated network between the Exchange server and the Windows Storage Server
computer that uses a crossover cable
A 10/100 Ethernet hub connects the Exchange server, the Windows Storage Server
computer, the domain controller, and client computers
Figure 1.1 Recommended Configuration for the Low-Capacity Scenario
Low-Capacity Disk Drive Configuration
In the low-capacity scenario, the Exchange databases are stored on a RAID-5 volume that spans
four disk drives on the Windows Storage Server computer.
File transfers are most efficient when Exchange databases and transaction logs are stored
separately, as shown in Figure 1.1. Store Exchange databases on the Windows Storage Server
computer, and store transaction logs on the direct attached storage (DAS) drive on the Exchange
server. Physically separating the transaction logs and databases adheres to Exchange best
practices and ensures that the writing of transaction logs does not interfere with the writing of
the databases.

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 14
Notice
It is not recommended to store Exchange databases and transaction logs on the
same disk drive on the Windows Storage Server computer. This configuration
degrades disk performance and leaves the server vulnerable to data loss in the event
of physical disk corruption. Because corruption of the disk damages both the
Exchange databases and the transaction logs, a recovery operation can restore only
data from the last successful backup. All data stored after the last backup is lost.
Low-Capacity Network Configuration
As shown in Figure 1.1, a crossover cable connects the Windows Storage Server computer and
the Exchange server across a dedicated network in the low-capacity scenario.
Medium-Capacity Scenario
The medium-capacity scenario supports up to 750 mailboxes on one Exchange 2003 server.
Table 1.2 Medium-Capacity Scenario for Exchange 2003
Configuration
Component Specifications
Capacity One Exchange 2003 server and one Dell PowerVault NAS Storage Server 2003
system, supporting a total of 750 mailboxes
Windows Storage
Server computer
One Dell PowerVault NAS Storage Server 2003 system with an optional PowerVault
220S / 221S External Storage Array
1 GB of RAM
Four disk drives for storing Exchange databases
Two disk drives for storing Exchange transaction logs (if available)
One Gigabit Ethernet adapter and one 10/100 or greater Ethernet adapter
Exchange server One Gigabit Ethernet adapter and one 10/100 or greater Ethernet adapter
Disk drive
configuration
The Exchange databases are stored on a RAID-5 volume that spans four disk drives on
the Windows Storage Server computer. The Exchange transaction logs are stored on
the direct attached storage (DAS) drive on the Exchange server.
-Or-
Exchange databases and transaction logs stored on separate RAID volumes that span
separate disk arrays (if available) on the Windows Storage Server computer
Network A dedicated Gigabit network between the Exchange server and the Windows Storage
Server computer
A 10/100 Ethernet hub connects the Exchange server, the Windows Storage Server
computer, the domain controller, and client computers

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 15
Figure 1.2 Recommended Configuration for the Medium-Capacity Scenario
Medium-Capacity Disk Drive Configuration
The medium-capacity disk drive configuration stores the Exchange databases on a RAID-5
volume that spans four disk drives on the Windows Storage Server computer.
-Or-
The medium-capacity disk drive configuration stores the Exchange databases and transaction
logs on separate RAID volumes that span separate disk arrays (if available) on the Windows
Storage Server computer. This configuration conforms with Exchange best practices guidelines.
Medium-Capacity Network Configuration
As shown in Figure 1.2, the dedicated Gigabit network controls the traffic between the Windows
Storage Server computer and the Exchange server.

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 16
High-Capacity Scenario
The high-capacity scenario supports up to a total of 1,500 mailboxes on one or two Exchange
2003 servers.
Table 1.3 High-Capacity Scenario for Exchange 2003
Configuration
Component Specifications
Capacity One or two Exchange 2003 servers, and one Dell PowerVault NAS Storage Server
2003 system, supporting a total of 1,500 mailboxes
Windows Storage
Server computer
One Dell PowerVault NAS Storage Server 2003 system with an attached PowerVault
220S / 221S External Storage Array, or a supported Dell/EMC fibre channel RAID
Array
2 GB of RAM
Six disk drives for storing Exchange databases
Two disk drives for storing Exchange transaction logs for first storage group
Two disk drives for storing Exchange transaction logs for second storage group
One Gigabit Ethernet adapter and one 10/100 or greater Ethernet adapter
Exchange server One Gigabit Ethernet adapter and one 10/100 or greater Ethernet adapter
Disk drive Transaction logs for each storage group and Exchange databases for combined
storage groups stored on separate RAID volumes that span separate disk arrays on
the Windows Storage Server computer
Network A dedicated network between the Exchange servers and the Windows Storage Server
computer that uses a Gigabit switch with a virtual private local area network (LAN)
A 10/100 Ethernet hub that connects the Exchange servers, the Windows Storage
Server computer, the domain controller, and client computers
Figure 1.3 Recommended Configuration for the High-Capacity Scenario

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 17
High-Capacity Disk Drive Configuration
The disks are configured according to Exchange best practices, in which the Exchange databases
and transaction logs for each storage group are stored on separate RAID volumes that span
separate disk arrays on the Windows Storage Server computer.
High-Capacity Network Configuration
In the high-capacity scenario shown in Figure 1.3, the dedicated network uses a Gigabit switch
with a private local area network (LAN) between the Windows Storage Server computer and the
Exchange server. This configuration ensures that communication between the servers can use the
full network bandwidth.
Planning Deployment of the Exchange Server
This section describes the key areas to address when planning an Exchange deployment with the
Feature Pack.
Planning the Network Topology
The following is the recommended configuration for the network between the Windows Storage
Server computer and each Exchange server or Exchange cluster:
A dedicated Gigabit network.
At least two network adapters in each server or cluster:
One network adapter supports the dedicated Gigabit network for Exchange traffic between
the Exchange server and the Windows Storage Server computer. The hosts files on both the
Exchange server and the Windows Storage Server computer are edited to use that network.
For more information about editing the hosts file, see Chapter 2, “Installing the Feature
Pack.”
One network adapter is used to connect the Exchange server to the public network and the
Active Directory directory service.
Note
The Windows Storage Server computer and the Exchange 2003 servers must be in
the same Active Directory domain.
The Feature Pack supports the following Exchange server configurations:
One or two stand-alone Exchange servers
One or two clustered Exchange servers
One stand-alone Exchange server and one Exchange server cluster
Figure 1.4 shows a network topology for one Windows Storage Server computer that hosts
databases and transaction logs for two stand-alone Exchange servers. For each Exchange
server, a dedicated network handles Exchange traffic to and from the Windows Storage Server
computer.

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 18
Figure 1.4 Sample Network Topology for One Windows Storage Server Computer
Hosting Storage Groups for Two Stand-Alone Exchange Servers
Planning the Move to the Windows Storage Server
Computer
Deploying the Feature Pack on Exchange Server 2003 involves deploying the Exchange Server
2003 computer and then moving the Exchange databases and transaction logs to the Windows
Storage Server computer. The Exchange server deployed can be a new Exchange Server 2003
computer, an existing Exchange Server 2003 computer, or an upgrade from Exchange 2000
Server to Exchange Server 2003.
Options for Moving Files
After the Exchange server is deployed, two options are available for moving the Exchange
database to the Windows Storage Server computer:
Move the existing Exchange database to the Windows Storage Server computer.
Create a new Exchange database, move the new database to the Windows Storage Server
computer, then move existing Exchange mailboxes to the new database.
Advantages of moving an existing Exchange database include:
Less labor for the administrator; the remote storage tools included in the Feature Pack
perform all required steps automatically.
Less administrator time required to complete the move.
Advantages of creating a new Exchange database include:
Improved Exchange server performance; a new database uses disk space more efficiently
than a database that has been in use for some time.
The ability to test the deployment with a small subset of users.
Less down time per user; each mailbox remains offline for only the time it takes to move
that mailbox.

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 19
Deploying the Feature Pack with Exchange Server 2003 requires the following steps:
1. Deploy the Exchange Server 2003 computer.
If a new Exchange Server 2003 computer is being deployed: Perform the Exchange
Server 2003 installation on the target computer.
If an existing Exchange Server 2003 computer is being deployed: Perform a full backup
of the Exchange database to minimize the size of transaction logs.
If an upgrade from Exchange 2000 Server is being deployed: Perform a full backup of
the Exchange database, then perform the upgrade from Exchange 2000 Server to
Exchange Server 2003 on the target computer.
2. Move the Exchange database to the Windows Storage Server computer by taking the
following steps:
If an existing Exchange database is being moved: Using either of the remote storage
tools included in the Feature Pack, move the existing Exchange database to the
Windows Storage Server computer.
If a new Exchange database is being created:
a. Using Exchange System Manager, create a new database on the Exchange server.
b. Using either of the remote storage tools included in the Feature Pack, move the new
Exchange database to the Windows Storage Server computer.
c. Using Move Mailbox in Exchange System Manager, move existing Exchange
mailboxes to the new Exchange database on the Windows Storage Server 2003
computer.
For complete instructions for moving the Exchange database, see Chapter 3, “Moving Exchange
Files to a NAS System.”
Estimating File Transfer Times
To estimate how long it will take to move Exchange files from the Exchange server to the
Windows Storage Server computer, take an inventory of files to be moved, compute the total
amount of disk space used by the files, and divide by the file transfer rate. Assuming the use of a
recommended configuration, including a dedicated network between the Exchange server and
the Windows Storage Server computer, use a file transfer rate of 720 MB per minute. If a
recommended configuration is not being used, the file transfer rate is slower.
Table 1.4 provides an example for estimating file transfer time.
Note
The data used in the following example represents a new server running Exchange
Server 2003.

Planning a Deployment
Feature Pack Deployment Guide 2
Table 1.4 Sample File Transfer Time Estimate
File Type Quantity Size Bytes (Approximate)
Exchange database (.edb) 1 6.14 GB 6,593,000,000
Streaming database (.stm) 1 2 MB 2,097,000
Transaction logs 1,375 6.71 GB 7,205,000,000
Total = 13,800,097,000
File transfer rate is approximately 755,000,000 bytes per minute.
13,800,097,000/ 755,000,000 = ~18
File transfer time is approximately 18 minutes.
Because Exchange Server 2003 Standard Edition limits database size to 16 MB, file transfer
from Standard Edition generally takes fewer than 30 minutes. Because Exchange Server 2003
Enterprise Edition does not limit database size, file transfer from Enterprise Edition can take
considerably more time.
Planning Exchange Cluster Configuration
The Feature Pack supports the following Exchange server cluster configurations:
One or two 2-node active/passive Exchange clusters
One 2-node active/passive Exchange cluster and one stand-alone Exchange server
One 2-node active/active Exchange cluster
Active/passive clusters are recommended over active/active clusters, because they typically
increase performance, availability, and scalability.
This section provides an overview of the basic requirements for deploying the Windows Storage
Server computer with an Exchange server cluster.
Notice
The Feature Pack does not support NAS clusters. Do not install the Feature Pack
on Dell PowerVault NAS Systems in a cluster configuration.
For more information about Exchange clusters, including cluster capacity and configuration
considerations, see the Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 Deployment Guide and the white paper,
Using Clustering with Exchange 2003: An Example, on the Exchange 2003 Deployment website
(http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=23412).
For information about how to administer and manage Exchange server clusters, see the
Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 Administration Guide on the Microsoft TechNet site
(http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=21769).
Remotely Storing Files from an Active/Passive Exchange Cluster
The Feature Pack supports one or two 2-node active/passive Exchange clusters per Windows
Storage Server computer, as shown in Figure 1.5. In the supported configuration, no more than
two Exchange servers — one from each cluster — access the Windows Storage Server computer
at any time. In each cluster, the passive server accesses the Windows Storage Server computer
only if the active server fails.
This configuration requires a dedicated Gigabit Ethernet connection between each Exchange
2003 active/passive cluster and the Windows Storage Server computer. A dedicated Gigabit
Ethernet connection is either a direct point-to-point connection, or is implemented through a