dynasonics DXN Series User manual

DXN™
Portable Ultrasonic
Measurement System
Operator’s Manual
Toll Free: 800-535-3569Tel: [phone]
8635 Washington Avenue Racine, WI 53406-3738 USA

2 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
C US
LISTED
E18322332WK
I.T.E.POWERSUPPLY
LEVEL3
Indooruse only
IÜV
Rheinland
ProductSafety
R33100
LPS 
S&E
Thisdevice complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is
subjectto the following two conditions (1) this device may not cause
harmfulinterference. and (2) this device must accept any interference
receivedincluding interference that may cause undesired operation.
MODEL NO.: GS40A15
INPUT: 100-240VAC, 50/60 Hz, 1.0 A
OUTPUT: 15V 2.67 A, 40 W MAX.
AC/DCSWITCHING ADAPTOR
MEAN WELL
Order No.:
GS40A15-P1J
CAUTION
DO NOT OPEN RISK
OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
Öen Sie Niemals das Garät. Das Gerät darf
aus Gründen der elektrischen Sicherheit nur von
autorisiertem Servicepersonal geönet werden
ATTENTION:
RISQUE DE CHOC ELECTRIQUE
NE PASOUVRIR
S/N:
MADE IN CHINA MW02
DT 94 Transducers
DOWNSTREAMUPSTREAM
DTTN Transducers
Power Supply
DTTSU Transducers
DTTL Transducers
DXN Transducer - Connection Diagram

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 3
QUICKSTART OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
This manual contains detailed operating instructions for all aspects of the DXN instrument. The follow-
ing condensed instructions are provided to assist the operator in getting the instrument started up and
running as quickly as possible. This pertains to basic operation only. If specic instrument features are to
be used or if the installer is unfamiliar with this type of instrument, refer to the appropriate section in the
manual for complete details.
TRANSDUCER LOCATION
1) In general, select a mounting location on the piping system with a minimum of 10 pipe diameters
(10 × the pipe inside diameter) of straight pipe upstream and 5straight diameters downstream.
See Table Q.1 for additional congurations.
2) If the application requires DTTN or DTTL transit time transducers select a mounting method for the
transducers based on pipe size and liquid characteristics. See Table 3.8. Transit time transducer
congurations are illustrated in Figure Q.1 below.
NOTE: Transit time setups require information supplied by the DXN meter itself so it will be necessary to power on the unit, at least
temporarily, to obtain the setup information.
3) For transit time operation enter the following data into the DXN transmitter via the touchscreen
software utility:
1. Transducer mounting method 7. Pipe liner thickness
2. Pipe O.D. (Outside Diameter) 8. Pipe liner material
3. Pipe wall thickness 9. Fluid type
4. Pipe material 10. Fluid sound speed*
5. Pipe sound speed* 11. Fluid viscosity*
6. Pipe relative roughness* 12. Fluid specic gravity*
* Nominal values for these parameters are included within the DXN operating system. The nominal values may be used as
they appear or may be modied if the exact system values are known.
TOP VIEW
OF PIPE
TOP VIEW
OF PIPE TOP VIEW OF PIPE
W-Mount V-Mount Z-Mount
FIGURE Q.1 - TRANSIT TIME TRANSDUCER MOUNTING CONFIGURATIONS
4) Record the value calculated and displayed as Required Spacing in the Site Group ►Transit
Page.

4 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
***
Flow
***
Flow
***
Flow
***
Flow
Flow
***
Flow
*** 24
24
14
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
* **
Upstream
Pipe
Diameters
Downstream
Pipe
Diameters
Piping Configuration
and Transducer Positioning
TABLE Q.1 - PIPING CONFIGURATION AND TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 5
PIPE PREPARATION AND TRANSDUCER MOUNTING
DTTN and DTTL Transit Time Transducers
1) During this procedure the ow meter’s signal quality value should be observed. This value is avail-
able on the DXN Display Tab ►Meters Page where “TT Signal Quality” is one of the parameters
that can be shown.
2) The pipe surface where the transducers are to be mounted must be clean and dry. Remove scale,
rust or loose paint to ensure satisfactory acoustic conduction. Wire brushing the rough surfaces of
pipes to smooth bare metal may also be useful. Plastic pipes do not require preparation other than
cleaning.
3) Apply a single ½” (12 mm) wide by approximately ⁄” thick bead of acoustic couplant grease to the
upstream transducer and secure it to the pipe with a mounting strap.
4) Apply acoustic couplant grease to the downstream transducer and press it onto the pipe using
hand pressure at the calculated lineal distance.
5) Space the transducers according to the recommended values found during programming. Secure
the transducers with the mounting straps at these locations.
DTTSU Universal Small Pipe Transit Time Transducers
1) During this procedure the ow meter’s signal quality value should be observed. This value is avail-
able on the DXN Display Tab ►Meters Page where “TT Signal Quality” is one of the parameters
that can be shown.
2) The pipe surface where the transducers are to be mounted must be clean and dry. Remove scale,
rust or loose paint to ensure satisfactory acoustic conduction. Wire brushing the rough surfaces of
pipes to smooth bare metal may also be useful. Plastic pipes do not require preparation other than
cleaning.
3) Set the downstream transducer spacing to the value found on the Site Group ► Transit Page.
4) Apply a single ½” (12 mm) wide by approximately ⁄” thick bead of acoustic couplant grease to the
face of each transducer and secure it to the pipe with attachment chains.
5) Tighten the two thumb screws evenly so that the acoustic coupling grease begins to ow out from
the edges of the transducer and from the gap between the transducer and the pipe. Do not over
tighten.
DT94 Doppler Transducers
1) In general, select a mounting location on the piping system with a minimum of 10 pipe diameters
(10 × the pipe inside diameter) of straight pipe upstream and 5 straight diameters downstream.
See Table Q.1 for additional congurations.
2) The pipe surface, where the transducers are to be mounted, must be clean and dry. Remove scale,
rust or loose paint to ensure satisfactory acoustic conduction. Wire brushing the rough surfaces of
pipes to smooth bare metal may also be useful. Plastic pipes do not require preparation other than
cleaning.

6 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
3) Apply a single ½”(12 mm) wide by approximately 1/8”thick bead of acoustic couplant grease to
both transducers and secure them to the pipe 180° apart using a mounting strap. Ensure that the
transducer cable is pointing in the downstream direction.
FLOW Top View
of Pipe
Wires Pointing in Direction of Flow
Wires Pointing in Direction of Flow
FLOW
FLOW
FIGURE Q.2 - DOPPLER TRANSDUCER MOUNTING

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 7
TRANSDUCER CONNECTIONS
1) Route the transducer cables from the transducer mounting location back to the DXN enclosure,
avoiding locations near high voltage supply wires.
2) Connect the transit time transducer wires to the appropriate BNC or connect the Doppler trans-
ducers to the 4-pin Doppler transducer plug. Both connections are on the end of the DXN enclo-
sure.
FIGURE Q.3 - TRANSDUCER CONNECTIONS
NOTE: Transit time transducer wires go in opposite directions when DTTN or DTTL transducers are used (See Figure Q.1). DT94
Doppler transducer wires both go in the direction of ow. (See Figure Q.2)
FIGURE Q.4 - POWER SWITCH AND CHARGING CONNECTION

8 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
FIGURE Q.5 -THICKNESS GAGE (AUXILIARY) CONNECTION
STARTUP
INITIAL SETTINGS AND POWER UP
1) Apply power to the transmitter by pressing the “Power On” button.
2) Verify that Signal Quality is greater than 5.0 %.

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 9
1  INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
The DXN portable ultrasonic ow meter is designed to measure the uid velocity of liquid within a closed
conduit. The transducers are a non-contacting, clamp-on type, which will provide benets of non-fouling
operation and ease of installation.
In transit time mode the ow meter utilizes two transducers that function as both ultrasonic transmitters
and receivers. The transducers are clamped on the outside of a closed pipe at a specic distance from
each other. The transducers can be mounted in V-Mount where the sound transverses the pipe two
times, W-Mount where the sound transverses the pipe four times, or in Z-Mount where the transducers
are mounted on opposite sides of the pipe and the sound crosses the pipe once. The selection of mount-
ing method is based on pipe and liquid characteristics, which both have an eect on how much signal
is generated. The ow meter operates by alternately transmitting and receiving a frequency modulated
burst of sound energy between the two transducers and measuring the time interval that it takes for
sound to travel between the two transducers. The dierence in the time interval measured is directly
related to the velocity of the liquid in the pipe.
TOP VIEW
OF PIPE
W-Mount V-Mount Z-Mount
TOP VIEW
OF PIPE
TOP VIEW
OF PIPE
FIGURE 1.1 - ULTRASOUND PROPAGATION
APPLICATION VERSATILITY
The DXN ow meter can be successfully applied on a wide range of metering applications because the
meter has both transit time and Doppler capabilities. The full range of uids from ultrapure to thick slur-
ries can be measured. The simple-to-program transmitter allows the standard product to be used on
pipe sizes ranging from ½ inch to 100 inches (12 mm to 2540 mm)*. A wide variety of liquid applications
can be accommodated.
ultrapure liquids cooling water potable water river water
chemicals plant euent sewage sludge
Because the transducers are non-contacting and have no moving parts, the ow meter is not aected
by system pressure, fouling or wear. Standard transducers, DTTN, DTTL and DTTSU are rated for a pipe
surface temperature of -40 to +250 °F (-40 to +121 °C).
DT94 Doppler transducers have a temperature range of -40 to +212 °F (-40 to +100 °C).
*All ½”to 2”DTTSU small pipe transducers sets require the transmitter be congured for 2 MHz. DTTL transducers require
the use of the 500 KHz transmission frequency. The transmission frequency is selectable using the touchscreen interface.

10 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
User Interface Features
2-Level Tabbed Menu:
• GroupTabscontainagroupofPageTabsandInterfacePages
• TheusercannavigatetoPageTabssequentiallybytheNavigateLeftorNavigateRightbuttons
• TheusercanactivateanyGroupTaborPageTabbysinglengerpress.
• CertainPageTabscanbepressedordoublepressedforadditionalfunctionality.
• InterfacePagecancontainmeters,userentrycontrols,graphs,etc.
Smart Status Bars:
• StatusBarscontainStatusItemsthatshowandcontrolhelpfultransmitterfunctionssuchasshow-
ing ow or controlling data logging.
• TheusercannavigateStatusBarssequentiallyonlywiththeStatusBarNavigationButton
• CertainStatusItemscanbedoubleclickedforadditionfunctionality.Oftentimestheycanauto-
matically navigate to a Page Tab.
• StatusBarsincludeQuickview,PowerStatus,Shutdown,SensorPositioning,etc...
CE COMPLIANCE
The DXN transmitter conforms to CISPR 11 (EN 55011) standards. \
DATA INTEGRITY
Non-volatile ash memory retains all user-entered conguration values in memory for several years at 77
°F (25 °C), even if power is lost or turned o. Password protection is provided as part of the Security Set-
tings System ► Miscellaneous and prevents inadvertent conguration changes or totalizer resets.
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
The serial number and complete model
number of the transmitter are located
on the bottom surface of the transmit-
ter’s body. Should technical assistance be
required, please provide the Customer
Service Department with this information.
Caution - Do not use sharp objects on the display as damage will occur.
Model: DXN-AYS-NN
S/N: 15432
Power: 10-28 V@40W
Temperature: -20 to +60°
CAUTION: No Serviceable Parts Inside Ennnnnnn
FIGURE 1.2 - SERIAL NUMBER LOCATION

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 11
2  SOFTWARE CONVENTIONS
The DXN uses a sophisticated touch screen user interface to control all functions. The tabbed menu tree
provides access to all controls and settings within two layers of menus. Large easy to read touchscreen
buttons allow for gloved operation in inclement weather.
CONVENTIONS AND CONTROLS
When navigating the DXN menus this manual will specify rst the Group Tab name and then the Page as
shown below.
Group Tab
Pages
Display
Alerts
GraphMeters Graph Setup Table
FIGURE 2.1 - GROUP/PAGE CONVENTION
A typical reference would look like the following:
Display Tab ►Meters Page
Upon startup of the instrument using the back panel power button, the system will display a series of
splash, progress, and information screens.
For troubleshooting and advanced startup options for Windows, Press F8.
Resuming Windows
OEM Bios Version: Unknown
Board Serial Number: 637864
Attempting to boot hard drive 0...
Start
10/12/2011
13:24
Shortcut to
Quickstart.exe
FIGURE 2.2 - STARTUP SCREEN EXAMPLES
The user screens consists of controls, status icons, and data display areas similar to most found on
personal computers. Detailed description of interface functions are found throughout this manual.

12 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
DXN Data and Controls Layout
Site Name0.00 GPM 10/12/2011
13:24
Meter Adv Cal System
Display Site Log I/O
AlertsTableGraph SetupGraph
Meters
Meter Flow Rate
0.00
GPM
Total Net TT Signal Quality
0.00
Gal
0.00
%
Status BarStatus Bar
Navigation
Button
Navigate
Menu Left
Group & Page
Tabs
Left Context
Sensitive
Area
Right Context
Sensitive
Area
Data & Control
Pages
Navigate
Menu Right
FIGURE 2.3 - MAIN USER SCREEN LAYOUT
CONTROLS
The DXN uses many of the same software controls as common windows based graphical user interfaces.
The following describes the controls and how they are used.
Text Box
The text box provides space for the user to enter various pieces of data such as the“Create New Site”
button. When the text box button is pressed a pop-up Qwerty keyboard pop’s up allowing text and/or
numbers to be entered.
Create New Site
FIGURE 2.4 - TEXT BOX

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 13
Cancel
Create SiteEnter New Site Name: <name>
~ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = Del
q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \ Ins
<- Space -> Backspace
z x c v b n m , . / Shift
a s d f g h j k l ; ‘ Enter
~ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 _ + Del
Q W E R T Y U I O P { } | Ins
<- Space -> Backspace
Z X C V B N M < > ? Shift Abc
A S D F G H J K L : “ Enter
FIGURE 2.5 - ALPHA NUMERIC KEYPAD
On/O Check Box
This control allows the user to turn on or o a function. A box with a check mark in it indicates the func-
tion is on and the function is o when the check mark is absent.
Doppler AGC Gain Doppler AGC Gain
FIGURE 2.6 - CHECK BOX STATES
When an item is changed, the control will change to orange while the settings are updated.
Doppler AGC Gain
FIGURE 2.7 - CHECK BOX TRANSITION

14 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
Buttons
Button controls work in a similar manner to a push-button switch and generally starts or stops some
function.
Site Name0.00 GPM 10/12/2011
13:24
%
0.00
%
Push Button
FIGURE 2.8 - PUSH BUTTON CONTROL
Shut Down Slider
The shutdown slider allows the DXN to be turned o without having to press and hold the physical On/
O button. To use the shutdown slider simply touch the red button on the left hand side of the screen
and drag it to the right until it snaps to the right hand screen stop.
> > > Slide To Shut Down > > >
Drag Slider
With Finger
FIGURE 2.9 - SHUT DOWN SLIDER
Increment/Decrement Control
The + (increment) and – (decrement) buttons are used to enter numeric data, OR upon double-clicking
the numerical value area, a keypad will pop up allowing direct numeric data entry:
Value Display
and
Double Tap Area
Increment
(increase)
Decrement
(decrease)
625
FIGURE 2.10 - INCREMENT/DECREMENT CONTROL

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 15
1
4
7
+/-
Clear
2
5
8
0
OK
3
6
9
.
Cancel
Min
0.25
Parameter Pipe OD Currently 2.375 Max
200.00
FIGURE 2.11 - NUMERIC INPUT CONTROL
Min, Max, parameters are all shown. Clear starts over and cancel closes without changes. Click“OK” to
store. Keypad will disappear.
Combo Box
Combo boxes function as a list of alternate items that can be chosen during setup. The combo box pres-
ents as a bar with text and a downward pointing arrow directly to the left indicating the control has a
selection list.
Combo Box
Active Area
Combo Box
Indicator
Water-Distilled
FIGURE 2.12 - RETRACTED COMBO BOX
When the combo box’s active area is touched the box will expand showing the available choices for that
parameter.

16 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
Parameter
Choices
Water-Distilled
Make
Selection
Scroll
Bar
Move
Selection
Indicator
Cancel
150
+
Set
×
Water-Tap
Water-Sewage
Water-Sea
Acetone
Alcohol
Ammonia
Benzine
Brine
Ethanol
Ethelene Glycol
Gasoline
Glycerin
Isopropanol
FIGURE 2.13 - COMBO BOX WITH SCROLL BAR
The +plus button moves the blue highlights area up or down depending on the original position of the
highlight. Once the correct choice has been highlighted in blue use the set Set button to lock in the
selection. If no change is desired use the cancel ×button to exit the combo box without making any
changes.
If the dropdown list of parameters is too large to be contained in one combo box length a scroll bar will
be visible allowing the list to be scrolled up or down.

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 17
3  TRANSDUCER INSTALLATION
GENERAL GUIDELINES
At its simplest setting up the DXN portable ultrasonic measurement system consists of two steps. The
rst step should be conguring the electronics because the second step, mounting the transducers,
requires information obtained when the electronics are congured.
Transmission Mode
Therstdecisiontobemadeiswhatmodeofultrasonictransmissionshouldbeused.Generallythetran-
sit time mode is used with uids that have little to no particulates or entrained air. Doppler mode is used
on uids that contain signicant levels of particulates and aerated uids. If the uid type is unknown it is
usually better to start with transit time as transit time mode is more forgiving of having some particulate
or air than Doppler is of not having enough particulate or entrained air.
If the uid type is an unknown it is also possible to mount both transit time and Doppler transducers on
the same pipe and let the DXN decide which set of transducers to utilize. The DXN can operate as a dedi-
cated transit time meter, a dedicated Doppler meter or to automatically switch between transit time and
Doppler modes using the Hybrid mode.
Transducer Mounting Location
At this point it is also necessary to consider the transducer mounting location. A very loose “rule of
thumb” is to mount the transducers on a section of pipe that has at least 10 pipe diameters upstream of
the transducers and 5 pipe diameters downstream. See Table Q1 for additional pipe length consider-
ations.
For example if a 3 inch pipe is being measured the minimum upstream pipe in front of the transducers
should be 30 inches and the minimum downstream pipe behind the transducers should be at least 15
inches.
Pipe runs shorter than the minimums may sometimes be used with reduced accuracy. Unfortunately
there is no way to determine how much accuracy is sacriced without doing in-eld testing. For instal-
lations where the 10/5 pipe diameters rule can’t be followed divide the total length of available straight
pipe into thirds and mount the transducers with 2/3 of the pipe upstream and 1/3 of the pipe down-
stream.
A full pipe is absolutely essential for making accurate ow measurements in either transit time or Dop-
pler mode. The DXN has no way to determine that the pipe is full or not. If the pipe is partially full the
meter will over report the amount of ow by the percentage of the pipe that is not lled with liquid.

18 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
An optimum transducer mounting location is dened as:
~A piping system that is completely full of liquid when measurements are being taken. The pipe
may become empty during a process cycle – causing an error to be displayed on the ow meter
while the pipe is empty. This error code will clear automatically once the pipe rells with liquid. It
is not recommended to mount the transducers in an area where the pipe may become partially
lled. Partially lled pipes will cause erroneous and unpredictable operation of the meter.
~ A piping system that contains lengths of straight pipe such as those described in Table Q.1. The
optimum straight pipe diameter recommendations apply to pipes in both horizontal and vertical
orientation. The straight runs in Table Q.1 apply to liquid velocities that are nominally 7 FPS
(2.2 MPS). As liquid velocity increases above this nominal rate, the requirement for straight pipe
increases proportionally.
~Mount the transducers in an area where they will not be inadvertently bumped or disturbed.
~Avoid installations on downward owing pipes unless adequate downstream head pressure is
present to overcome partial lling of or cavitation in the pipe.
Pipe Preparation
After selecting an optimal mounting location and successfully determining the proper transducer spac-
ing the transducers may now be mounted onto the pipe.
Before the transducers are mounted onto the pipe surface, an area slightly larger than the at surface
of each transducer must be cleaned of all rust, scale and moisture. For pipes with rough surfaces, such
as ductile iron pipe, it is recommended that the pipe surface be wire brushed to a shiny nish. Paint and
other coatings, if not aked or bubbled, need not be removed. Plastic pipes typically do not require sur-
face preparation other than soap and water cleaning.

Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12 19
TRANSIT TIME TRANSDUCER INSTALLATION
In transit time mode the ow meter utilizes two transducers that function as both ultrasonic transmitters
and receivers. The transducers are clamped on the outside of a closed pipe at a specic distance from
each other. The transducers can be mounted in V-Mount where the sound transverses the pipe two
times, W-Mount where the sound transverses the pipe four times, or in Z-Mount where the transducers
are mounted on opposite sides of the pipe and the sound crosses the pipe once. The selection of mount-
ing method is based on pipe and liquid characteristics which both have an eect on how much signal
is generated. The ow meter operates by alternately transmitting and receiving a frequency modulated
burst of sound energy between the two transducers and measuring the time interval that it takes for
sound to travel between the two transducers. The dierence in the time interval measured is directly
related to the velocity of the liquid in the pipe.
TOP VIEW
OF PIPE
W-Mount V-Mount Z-Mount
TOP VIEW
OF PIPE
TOP VIEW
OF PIPE
FIGURE 3.1 - TRANSIT TIME ULTRASOUND TRANSMISSION
The following information will be needed to set up the DXN for transit time operation.
1. Transducer mounting method 7. Pipe liner thickness
2. Pipe O.D. (Outside Diameter) 8. Pipe liner material
3. Pipe wall thickness 9. Fluid type
4. Pipe material 10. Fluid sound speed*
5. Pipe sound speed*11. Fluid viscosity*
6. Pipe relative roughness*12. Fluid specic gravity*
NOTE: Much of the data relating to material sound speed, viscosity and specic gravity is pre-programmed into the DXN ow
meter. This data only needs to be modied if it is known that a particular application’s data varies from the reference values.
*NOMINAL VALUES FOR THESE PARAMETERS ARE INCLUDED WITHIN THE DXN OPERATING SYSTEM. THE NOMINAL VALUES
MAY BE USED AS THEY APPEAR OR MAY BE MODIFIED IF EXACT SYSTEM VALUES ARE KNOWN.
DTTN, DTTH, and DTTL Transducers
The appropriate mounting conguration is based on pipe and liquid characteristics. Selection of the
proper transducer mounting method is not entirely predictable and many times is an iterative process.
Table 3.1 contains recommended mounting congurations for common applications. These recom-
mended congurations may need to be modied for specic applications if such things as aeration,
suspended solids, out of round piping or poor piping conditions are present.

20 Form 06-HYB-UM-00010 1/12
Transducer Mount Mode Pipe Material Pipe Size Liquid Composition
W-Mount
Plastic (all types)
2-4 in. (50-100 mm)
Low TSS; non-aerated
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Copper
Ductile Iron Not recommended
Cast Iron
V-Mount
Plastic (all types)
4-12 in. (100-300 mm)Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Copper 4-30 in. (100-750 mm)
Ductile Iron 2-12 in. (50-300 mm)
Cast Iron
Z-Mount
Plastic (all types) > 30 in. (> 750 mm)
Carbon Steel > 12 in. (> 300 mm)
Stainless Steel
Copper > 30 in. (> 750 mm)
Ductile Iron > 12 in. (> 300 mm)
Cast Iron
TSS = Total Suspended Solids
TABLE 3.1 - STARTING POINT TRANSDUCER MOUNTING MODES — DTTN, DTTL, AND DTTH
For pipes 24” (600 mm) and larger the DTTL transducers using a transmission frequency of 500 KHz are
recommended.
DTTL transducers may also be advantageous on pipes between 4”and 24” if there are less quantiable
complicating aspects such as – sludge, tuberculation, scale, rubber liners, plastic liners, thick mortar,
gas bubbles, suspended solids, emulsions, or pipes that are perhaps partially buried where a V-mount is
required/desired, etc.
The DTTN, DTTH and DTTL transducers must be properly oriented and spaced on the pipe to provide
optimum reliability and performance. On horizontal pipes, when Z-Mount is required, the transducers
should be mounted 180 radial degrees from one another and at least 45 degrees from the top-dead-
center and bottom-dead-center of the pipe. See Figure 3.2. Also see Z-Mount Transducer Installation. On
vertical pipes the orientation is not critical.
The best accuracy is achieved when transducer spacing is exactly what the DXN calculates, so the calcu-
lated spacing should be used if signal strength is satisfactory. If the pipe is not round, the wall thickness
not correct or the actual liquid being measured has a dierent sound speed than the liquid programmed
into the transmitter, the spacing can vary from the calculated value. If that is the case, the transduc-
ers should be placed at the highest signal level observed by moving the transducers slowly around the
mount area.