Endress+Hauser FMU 40 User manual

Ultrasonic Level Measurement
prosonic M FMU 40/41/43
Compact transmitters for non-contact level
measurement of fluids, pastes and coarse
bulk materials
Application
The compact Prosonic M transmitters are
used for continuous, non-contact level
measurement in fluids and coarse bulk
materials.
Additionally, the sensors can be used for
flow measurement in open channels and
measuring weirs.
The following interfaces are available for
system integration:
• HART®(standard), 4 to 20 mA
• PROFIBUS-PA
• Foundation Fieldbus
The maximum measuring range for
Prosonic M sensors are:
• FMU 40:
– Fluids, 16 feet (5 m)
– Bulk solids, 6 feet (2 m)
• FMU 41:
– Fluids, 26 feet (8 m)
– Bulk solids, 12 feet (3.5 m)
• FMU 43:
– Fluids, 50 feet (15 m)
– Bulk solids, 23 feet (7 m)
Features and benefits
• Simple, menu-guided on-site
operation with four-line plain text
display
• Envelope curves on the on-site
display for simple diagnosis
• Easy operation, diagnosis and
measuring point documentation with
the supplied ToF Tool operating
program
• Alignable NEMA 6P (IP 68) aluminum
housing
• Optional remote display and operation
• Installation via 1-1/2” NPT, 2” NPT
or 4” universal slip-on flange
• Integrated temperature sensor for
Time-of-Flight correction provides
accurate measurements, even with
temperature changes
• Linearization function (up to 32 points)
for measured value output in any unit
of length, volume, or flow rate
• Non-contact measurement method,
therefore almost independent of
product properties
Technical
Information
TI 365F/24/ae
The Power of Know How
FMU 40 FMU 43
FMU 41

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser
Function and system design
Time-of-Flight method
The Prosonic M sensor transmits ultrasonic pulses in the direction of the product
surface. The ultrasonic pulse is reflected back and received by the sensor. The
Prosonic M electronics measures the time t between pulse transmission and recep-
tion. Using the time t (and the velocity of sound c), the system calculates the distance
D between the sensor membrane and the product surface
D = c x t/2
As the device knows the empty distance E from the user entry, it can calculate the
level as follows:
L = E - D
An integrated temperature sensor compensates for changes in the velocity of sound
caused by temperature changes.
Interference echo suppression
The interference echo suppression feature ensures that interference echos (such as
welded joints, internal ladder steps, edges and installations) are not interpreted as a
level echo.
Calibration
Enter the empty distance E and the span F to calibrate the system.
Blocking distance
Span F may not extend into the blocking distance BD. Level echos within the blocking
distance cannot be evaluated due to the transient characteristics of the sensor.
Measuring principle
2
Equipment architecture 4 to 20 mA ouput with HART®protocol
The Prosonic M can be operated on-site using either the display module VU 331 or
the supplied ToF Tool program. The system can also be operated remotely using the
HART®handheld terminal DXR 275 or using the ToF Tool.
NOTE: If a HART®communication resistor is not built into the power supply device, a
250Ωcommunication resistor in the 2-wire line must be inserted.
D
L
F
E
BD
9.84" (250 mm)
15.7" (400 mm)
23.6" (600 mm)
16 ft (5 m)
26 ft (8 m)
50 ft (15 m)
6.5 ft (2 m)
11.5 ft (3.5 m)
23 ft (7 m)
Sensor BD
20 mA
100%
4 mA
0%
Max. range
in liquids Max. range in solids
FMU 40
FMU 41
FMU 43
BD: Blocking Distance
E: Empty calibration
F: Full calibration (span)
D: Distance from sensor
membrane to product level
L: Level
PLC
Commubox
FXA 191
- ToF Tool
HART handheld
DXR 275
FXA 191
or
DXR 275
Transmitter power
supply unit
RMA 422
or RN 221 N
(communication resistor
included)
Operating and
display module
VU 331
Service adapter
FXA 193
- COMMUWIN II
- ToF Tool

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser 3
Profibus-PA protocol
A maximum of 32 transmitters (8 if mounted in an explosion hazardous area) can be
connected to the bus. Both on-site as well as remote operation are possible.
Foundation Fieldbus (FF) protocol
A maximum of 32 transmitters (standard or hazardous) can be connected to the bus.
For intrinsically safe circuits, the maximum number of transmitters depends on the
established rules and standards for intrinsically safe circuits (EN 60070-14) and proof
of instrinsic safety. Both on-site and remote operation are possible.
PLC
Micropilot
Prosonic
FXA 193
Additional
functions
(valves, etc.)
ToF Tool
Levelflex
Operating and
display module
VaU 331
Segment coupler
PROFIBUS-DP
PROFIBUS-PA
Personal computer
e.t.with Commuwin II
or ToF Tool and
Profibard (Proficard)
Additional
functions
(valves, etc.)
Micropilot
Prosonic
FXA 193
T
Personal computer
e.g. with
NI-FBUS configurator
Power supply
Power conditioner T
ToF Tool
Levelflex
Operating and
display module
VaU 331

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser
4
Input
Measured variable The distance D between the sensor membrane and the product surface is measured
(page 2). Using the linearization function, the device uses D to calculate:
• Level L in any units
• Volume V in any units
• Flow Q across measuring weirs or open channels in any units
The measuring range is limited by the range of a sensor. The sensor range is, in turn,
dependent on operating conditions. The diagram below defines the effect that echo
attenuation has on the sensor’s measuring range. The ideal echo attenuation curves
for each sensor are shown in the diagram. A number of echo attenuation sources that
affect proper sensor selection are shown in the table.
1. Determine which of the influences shown are appropriate for your process.
2. Add the corresponding attenuation values.
3. From the total attenuation, use the diagram to calculate the sensor range.
Measuring range
Operating frequency Sensor FMU 40 FMU 41 FMU 43
Frequency approx. 70 kHz approx. 50 kHz approx. 35 kHz
Pulse frequency • 2-wire devices, maximum 0.5 Hz
• 4-wire devices, maximum 2 Hz
The exact values are dependent on the type of device and supply voltage.
FMU 40
FMU 41
FMU 43
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
3
10
16
23
26
30
36
43
Temperature difference between
sensor and surface
Example (for FMU 43)
Approximate range = 15.5 ft.
Dust-covered rubble
Medium dust development
Not in filling curtain
Temperature differential < 68°F
Approximate dB
50
10
0
0
60 dB
50
Fluid surface
Calm
Waves
Strong turbulence (agitators, etc.)
Foaming
Bulk material surface
Hard, rough (e.g.rubble)
Soft (e.g.peat, dust-covered clinker)
Filling curtain in detection range
None
Smalll quantities
Large quantities
To 68°F (20°C)
To 104°F (40°C)
To 176°F (80°C)
Dust
No dust formation
Little dust formation
Heavy dust formation
Attenuation
0 dB
5 to 10 dB
10 to 20 dB
Consult factory
Attenuation
40 dB
40 to 60 dB
Attenuation
0 dB
5 dB
5 to 20 dB
Attenuation
0 dB
5 to 10 dB
10 to 40 dB
Attenuation
0 dB
5 to 10 dB
10 to 20 dB
15.5
Attenuation / dB
range in feet

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser 5
Output
Output signal • 4 to 20 mA with HART®protocol
• Profibus-PA
• Foundation Fieldbus (FF)
Signal on alarm Error information can be accessed via the following interfaces:
• On-site display (error symbol, error code and plain text description)
• Current output (configurable)
• Digital interface
Minimum load for HART®communication, 250Ω
Freely selectable, 0 to 255 seconds
The linearization function of the Prosonic M allows conversion of the measured value
into any unit of length or volume. In open channels or measuring weirs, it is also
possible to linearize the flow. Linearization tables for calculating volume in horizontal
cylindrical tanks are preprogrammed. You can also enter any number of other tables
containing up to 32 value pairs either manually or semi-automatically (by filling the
vessel under controlled conditions). You can use the ToF Tool operating program to
calculate the table automatically for any tank form and then enter it into the device.
Load HART®
Output damping
Linearization
Power supply
Terminal compartment
In the F 12 housing, the terminals are located underneath the housing cover. In the
T 12 housing, they are under the cover of the separate terminal compartment.
• For the Foundation Fieldbus version, a 7/8” plug connector is available.
• For the Profibus-PA version, an M12 plug connector is available
Both versions are supplied fully wired.
1 2 341 2 34
Sealed terminal
compartment
F 12 Housing T 12 Housing
Foundation Fieldbus 7/8" plug Profibus M 12 plug
Fieldbus plug connector

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser
6
Terminal assignment 4 to 20 mA with HART®, 2-wire 4 to 20 mA with HART®, active,
4-wire
• Connect the connecting line to the screw terminals (up to 18 AWG) in the terminal
compartment
• Use 2-wire twisted pair cable with shield for the connection
• Units are internally protected against reverse polarity, RFI and over-voltage peaks
PROFIBUS-PA Foundation Fieldbus
The digital communication signal is transmitted to the bus via a 2-wire connection.
The bus also provides the auxiliary power. Please use 2-wire twisted pair cable with
shield. Refer to the following operating manuals for information on cable types, and
how to set and ground the network:
• BA 198F/00/en “PROFIBUS-DP/-PA: Guidelines for planning and commissioning”
• BA 013S/04/en “Foundation Fieldbus, Installation and Commissioning Guidelines”
• Cable gland: M20x1.5, recommended cable diameter 0.23” to 0.39” (6 to 10 mm)
• Cable entry 1/2” NPT or G 1/2
• PROFIBUS-PA M12 plug
• Foundation Fieldbus 7/8” plug
Cable entry
1234
L- L+ I+ I-
Test sockets
(via interlock diode)
Plant
ground
Commubox
FXA 191
DXR 275
Communication
resistor
(> 250 )Ω
Power:
4 to 20 mA
alternative
PA+ PA- 3412
T-Box
Plant
ground
FF+ FF-
1234
Plant
ground
56 12
N/L-
L1/L+
I+ I-
Plant
ground
Commubox
FXA 191
DXR 275
Communication
resistor
(> 250 )Ω
Auxiliary
power
alternative
AC / DC
0 to 20 mA
Power supply The following values are the voltages across the terminals directly at the instrument.
Version Current
consumption Terminal voltage
Min. Max.
2-wire HART
4-wire
Fixed current
(measured value
transmitted by HART)
Standard
Standard
4 mA
20 mA
11 mA
11 mA
14 V
8V
10 V
10 V
10.5 VDC 32 VDC
90 VAC 253 VAC
36 V
36 V
36 V
30 V
IS
IS
DC
AC
XP
4 mA
20 mA
4 mA
20 mA
14 V
8V
14 V
11 V
30 V
30 V
30 V
30 V

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser 7
Power consumption 2-wire, 51 mW to 800 mW
4-wire AC, maximum 7W
4-wire DC FMU 40/41, 330 mW to 830 mW
4-wire DC FMU 43, 600 mW to 1 W
HART®, 3.6 to 22 mA
PROFIBUS-PA, maximum 13 mA
Foundation Fieldbus, maximum 15 mA
47 to 125 Hz: Vpp = 200 mV (measured at 500 W)
500 Hz to 10 kHz: Vrms = 2.2 mV (measured at 500 W)
With 4-wire units, the evaluation electronics and power supply voltage are
galvanically isolated from each other
Current consumption (2-wire units)
HART®ripple
Maximum noise HART®
Galvanic isolation
Performance characteristics
• Temperature = 68°F (20°C)
• Pressure = 14.7 psia (1013 mbar abs.)
• Humidity = 50%
• Ideal reflective surface (calm, smooth fluid surface)
• No interference reflections within signal beam area
• Set application parameters:
Tank shape = flat ceiling
Medium property = liquid
Process conditions = calm surface
Typical specifications for reference operating conditions (include linearity,
repeatability, and hysteresis):
FMU 40 / 41: ± 0.08” (2 mm) or 0.2% of set measuring range, which ever is greater
FMU 43: ± 0.15” (4 mm) or 0.2% of set measuring range, which ever is greater
FMU 40 / 41: 0.04” (1 mm)
FMU 43: 0.08” (2 mm)
The reaction time depends on the parameter settings (minimum 0.5 seconds for
4-wire devices, minimum 2 seconds for 2-wire devices)
Reference operating conditions
Measuring error
Measured value resolution
Reaction time

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser
8
Installation conditions
FMU 40/41 installation variants
FMU 43 installation variants
ENDRESS+HAUSER
ProsonicM
Installation with counter nut
Installation with extension bracket Installation with adapter flange
Counter nut supplied
for G 1-1/2 and G2
instruments
EPDM sealing
ring supplied
EPDM sealing
ring supplied
Nozzle
Sensor
Adapter flange
Installation with sleeve
ENDRESS+HAUSER
Prosonic M
Non-hazardous area
Hazardous area or non-hazardous
Sensor
Nozzle
Slip-on flange
Installation with
universal slip-on flange Installation with mounting bracket

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser 9
Installation conditions for level
measurement
• Do not install the sensor in the middle of the tank (3). Mounting distance between
vessel wall and sensor (1) should be 1/6 of the tank diameter.
• Use a protective cover (see accessories, page 18), to protect the sensor from rain
or direct sunlight (2).
• Avoid measurements in the filling stream area (4).
• Make sure that equipment (5) such as limits swtiches, temperature sensors, etc.
are not located in the beam angle α. In particular, symmetrical equipment (6) such
as heating coils, baffles, stationary ladder rungs etc. can influence measurement.
• Align the sensor so that it is vertical to the product surface (7).
• Never install two ultrasonic measuring devices in the same vessel, as the two
signals may affect each other.
• To estimate the transmitted echo beam and its detection range, use the 3 dB
emitting angle α(see Figure above).
Installation in narrow shafts In narrow shafts with strong interference
echoes, we recommend using an
ultrasound guide pipe (e.g. PE or PVC
wastewater pipe) with a minimum
diameter of 4” (100 mm). Make sure that
the pipe does not accumulate dirt, clean
pipe at regular intervals.
1
234
5
6
1/6D
7
D
r
α
α
L
LSensor 11°
11°
6°
16 ft (5 m)
26 ft (8 m)
50 ft (15 m)
FMU 40
FMU 41
FMU 43
18.9" (480 mm)
30.3" (770 mm)
31.1" (790 mm)
r
α
2
r = L tan
ENDRESS+HAUSER
ProsonicMProsonicM ENDRESS+HAENDRESS+HAUSERUSER ProsonicMProsonicM
Venting
hole

Prosonic M
Endress+Hauser
10
Installation conditions for flow
measurements • Install the Prosonic M at the inflow side, as close above the maximum water
level Hmax as possible, plus the blocking distance BD.
• Position the Prosonic M in the middle of the channel or weir.
• Align the sensor membrane parallel to the water surface.
• Keep to the installation distance of the channel or weir.
• The “Flow to Level” linearization curve (“Q/h curve”) can be entered using the
ToF Tool or manually via the on-site display.
Example: Khafagi-Venturi flume
Blocking distance with nozzle
installation
Install the Prosonic M at a height so that the blocking distance BD is not interferred
with, even at the maximum fill level. Usa a pipe nozzle if you cannot maintain the
sensor blocking distance in any other way. The interior of the nozzle must be smooth
and cannot contain any edges or welded joints. In particular, remove any burr on the
inside of the tank side nozzle end. Note the specified limits for nozzle diameter to
length. Nozzles which extend into the vessel should be cut at an angle of 45° to
minimize echo disturbances.
Caution !
The sensor may malfunction if the blocking distance is not above the maximum level.
NOTE: In order to prevent the level from entering the blocking distance, a safety
distance (SD) can be specified. If the level is within the safety distance, the Prosonic
outputs a warning or alarm message.
Khafagi -Venturi - flume
BD
1 x b
o
H
max
inflow
direction of flow
outflow
b
o
BD
FMU 40/41 FMU 43
D
D
FMU 40
D (mm) max. L (mm)
D (mm) max. L (mm)
FMU 41
1.97" (50)
3.15" (80)
3.94" (100)
3.15" (80)
3.94" (100)
9.84" (250)
15.7" (400)
23.6" (600)
16 ft (5 m)
26 ft (8 m)
50 ft (15 m)
6.5 ft (2 m)
11.5 ft (3.5 m)
23 ft (7 m)
D > approx.3.94" (100)
L < approx.11.8" (300)
approx. 3.15" (80)
approx. 7.87" (200)
approx. 9.84 (250)
approx. 7.87" (200)
approx. 9.84 (250)
FMU 43
Sensor BD Max. range
in liquids Max. range in solids
FMU 40
FMU 41
FMU 43
L
L
SD
EF
BD: Blocking Distance
SD: Safety Distance
E: Empty calibration
F: Full calibration (span)