EXIDY CRASH User manual

July 1979
(c) 197 9 EXIDY, Inc.

I l
j

CONTENTS
I. GENERAL
3
II. NORMAL OPERATION
A. Attract Mode . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . • . 4
B. Introduction Mode •..........•..•........•.... 4
C. Game Play •.•.•..•.•..•.............••........ 4
III. SELECTABLE OPTIONS
A. Coinage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
B. Crashes (Turns) .•.•.•...•.........•..••.•.... 5
C. TOP THIS SCORE . . . . • . . • . . . • . . . . • . . . . . • . • . . . . . . 5
IV. AUDIO ADJUSTMENTS 5
V. POWER SUPPLY ADJUSTMENTS 6
VI. MECHANICAL ASSEMBLIES
A. To Service Early-Production Control
Panels
... 7
B. To Service Late-Production Control
Panels
.... 8
c. To Service
the Four-Way Joy
Stick ............ 9
D. To Remove the Monitor ........................
10
E.
To Remove the Logic
and
Audio
Boards
. ........
10
VII. TECHNICAL INFORMATION
A. Logic Description and Operation •.........••.. 11
B. Audio Description and Operation •.•.•...•..... 11
C. Diagrams, Pinout Table, and Schematics •...... 14
1

ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1 : Monitor Display
.......................... 3
Figure 2: Audio Board Adjustments
.................. 5
Figure
3:
Power Supply Adjustments
................. 6
Figure 4: Control Panel (Early Production)
.....•.•. . 7
Figure
5:
Control
Panel (Late
Production)
.......... 8
Figure
6:
Four-Way Joy Stick
....................... 9
Figure
7:
Major
Internal Components
................
10
Figure
8: Logic
Board Block Diagram
................
14
Figure
9: Audio Board Block Diagram
................
15
Figure
1 0:
Harness
Diagram
..........................
16
2

I. GENERAL
CRASH is a one or two player skill
game in which players drive a car
around a five lane square track
while avoiding collisions with com-
puter controlled drone cars. Play-
ers score points by driving over
speed · dots marked on the traffic
lanes; players avoid collisions by
changing lanes at the four traffic
interchanges, and by using the FAST
button to beat drone cars to inter-
changes.
1
• • • • • •
• • • • • •
• • • • • •
• • • • • •
2
CRASH has three coinage options.
After the player inserts his coins,
play instructions and the day's
high score appear on screen. An
optional TOP THIS SCORE feature
gives a replay to the player who
beats a random score.
The operator selects the number of
crashes (turns) per play: 2, 3, 4,
or 5.
3
• • • • •
• • • • • •
• • • • • •
• • • • • •
• • • •
~~
• • • •
• • • • AVER #1 • • • • •
RIVING
• • • • • • • • • •
6
illiE
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • •
#1
0 • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • iii • •
Monitor Display
5 4
1 Traffic lane 4 Player
car
2
Interchange 5 Drone
car
3
Speed dot
6
Message panel
3

II. NORMAL OPERATION
A. Attract Mode
When the game is first turned on,
the words GAME OVER will flash on
screen. Also on screen will be
TODAY'S HIGH SCORE followed by a
score which changes with each new
higher score attained throughout
the day. When the game is turned
off, the high score is reset to
zero.
Also displayed on screen, at the
operatorts selection, will be one
of the following:
COIN PLAY
2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1
COIN
1
2
COIN
2
or
PLAY
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1
• • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2
or
PLAY
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1
4 ••••••••••••••• · •• 2
CRASH also has a coin accumulator
(credit counter) so that .·a player
can buy a number of games in ad-
vance.
While in the attract mode (no cred-
its, no game iri progress) the game
plays automatically.
B. Introduction Mode
When a player deposits a cpin, the
following message comes on screen:
4
CHANGE LANES TO AVOID
CRASH WITH OTHER CARS
10 POINTS FOR EACH DOT
BONUS POINTS IF ALL
DOTS ARE ELIMINATED
CREDITS N
TOP THIS SCORE FOR CREDIT
M
Here, N is the number of games in
the credit counter, and M is a
.
random score used by the TOP THIS
SCORE feature. At the operator's
option, CRASH awards one extra game
to any player who matches or ex-
ceeds the score M.
C. Game Play
When a player presses one of the
two START buttons (after coinage),
a fanfare tune signals the start of
play. The player's car starts at
the bottom center of the screen (in
the outer lane) and moves counter-
clockwise. One drone car starts at
the same place, moving in the oppo-
site direction.
The drone car tries to crash into
the player's car. The player must
avoid crashes by changing lanes at
interchanges; he uses the FAST but-
ton to reach an interchange before
the drone car.
When the player's car drives over a
speed dot, the SPEED BEEP sounds
and the dot disappears. At game
start, each dot scores 10 points;
if the player clears all the dots
in a single turn (without crashing
into the drone car) the playf ield
is reset, and all speed dots score
20 points. Each successive time
the player clears all dots, the dot
score goes up: 20 points, 30
points, etc.
The number of drone cars increases
with the point value of the speed
dots. At game start (10 points per
dot) only one drone opposes the
player; at the next level (20
points per dot) two drones oppose
him. At all succeeding levels {30
points and above), three drones.
A turn continues until the player
crashes into a drone car. The mes-
sage display in the center of the
screen shows turns remaining, by
displaying one car for each crash
(turn) left, not counting the cur-
rent turn.

III. SELECTABLE OPTIONS
CRASH has three switch selectable
options. These are controlled by a
seven segment DIP switch located on
the main logic board at position
14A (see Figure 2, item 6). This
switch is acccessible from the
front of the game though the coin
door.
Following are the options and the
switch settings for their selec-
tion:
A.
Coinage
switch
switch
4 5
2
Player
-1
Coin
ON ON
1
Player
-1
Coin
ON
OFF
2 Player
-2
Coin
1
Player
-2
Coin
OFF
ON
2 Player
-4
Coin
B.
Crashes
(Turns)
switch
switch
6 7
2
Crashes
ON ON
3 Crashes
ON
OFF
4
Crashes
OFF
ON
5 Crashes
"' OFF OFF
c.
TOP THIS
SCORE
switch
3
Credit awarded
for
OFF
topping
score
Credit not awarded ON
for topping
score
IV. AUDIO ADJUSTMENTS (Figure 2)
MOTOR
MUSIC
3 pots:
R52=high frequency
R53=low frequency
R16=volume
1 pot:
R63=volume
VOLUME
1 pot:
R66=overall volume
CRASH
1 pot:
R29=volume
SPEED BEEP 1
pot:
R39=volume
SKID 2
pots:
R47=frequency
R49=volume
2
1
®
9
Figure 2: Audio Hoard Adjustments
1 R52 MOTOR 6
DIP SWITCH
2 R53
MOTOR
7 R39 SPEED BEEP
3 R63 MUSIC 8 R49 SKID
4 R66
VOLUME
9 R47 SKID
5 R29
CRASH
1 0 R16 MOTOR
5

V. POWER SUPPLY ADJUSTMENTS
1. Connect a voltmeter to the +5
and ground traces on the logic
board.
0
0
2. Adjust the power supply potenti-
ometer for +5.0 + .1 VDC (see
Figure 3).
Adjustment
potentiometer
Figure 3: Power Supply Adjustments
6

VI. MECHANICAL ASSEMBLIES
NOTE
Each CRASH game has one of two
control panels:
* A single metal plate, held by
four carriage bolts (early
production) •
* A large metal plate, hinged at
the bottom (late production).
A. To Service Early Production
Control Panels (see Figure 4).
1. Unplug power cord.
2 3
l
4
2. Open the coin door.
3. Reaching up through the coin
door, remove the wingnuts from
the four carriage bolts that
hold the control panel down.
4. Lift the control panel up from
the cabinet and set it on edge,
so that you can reach its
underside.
5. Check all terminal connections
to the pushbuttons and the four-
way joy stic-k.
6 6
Figure 4: Control Panel (Early Production)
1 Carriage bolt
2 Start buttons
3 FAST button
4 Control panel
5 Four-way control
6 Control harness
7

B. To Service Late Production
Control Panels (see Figure 5)
1. Unplug the power cord.
2. Open and remove the back door.
3. From inside the cabinet, remove
the three control panel nuts
(see Figure 7) •
\
\ \
7
4. Open the coin door.
5. From the front of the cabinet,
pull the control panel out and
down; let it rest on the open
coin door (see Figure 5).
6. Check all terminal connections
to the pushbuttons and the four-
way control.
Figure 5: Control Panel (Late Production)
1 Control panel 4 Main harness
2 Start buttons 5 Four-way control
3 Control harness 6 Control stick
7 FAST button
8
I

C. To Service the Four-Way Joy
Stick
The four-way joy stick is mounted
on the control panel with four long
screws and standoff spacers. Four
pairs of spring steel cup washers
surround the control stick, between
the control panel and the top plate
(see Figure 6). These cup washers
bear against a disk welded to the
control stick, and push the stick
towards its center (rest) position.
Four leaf switches on the bottom
plate (activated by the control
stick) signal lane changes to the
logic boad.
Figure 6: Four-Way Joy Stick
1 Carriage bolt
2 Control stick
3 Control panel
4 Flat washer
5 Cup washer
6 Spacer
7 Lower disc
(top plate)
8 Kep nut
9 Switch plate
(bottom plate)
10 Kep nut (small
pattern)
11 Leaf switch
12 Phillips screw
To service
the control:
1.
Unplug
the power
cord.
2. Open the
control
panc!l
(see
above).
3. Check the harness
connectors to
each
leaf switch.
4. Check the throw of each micro-
switch; the control stick should
activate, but not bottom-out
against, each switch.
5. If necessary, adjust leaf switch
throw by carefully bending the
switch actuator with a long-nose
pliers.
9

D. To Remove the Monitor
1~ Unplug the power cord.
2. In some cabinets, the monitor is
not accessible through the back
door. A monitor access panel
above the back door is secured
with four wood screws.
3. Open and remove the back door or
monitor access panel.
4. Unplug the harness connector
from the monitor.
5. Remove the four bolts from the
monitor chassis flange mounts.
1
8
0
6. Lift the monitor up and slide it
out of the cabinet.
E. To Remove the Logic and Audio
Boards
1. Unplug the power cord.
2. Open and remove the back door.
3. Clip the plastic tie wraps which
hold the boards in their rack.
4. Disconnect the edge connector
from the logic board.
5. Slide the boards out of their
rack.
Figure 7: Major Internal Components
1 Monitor 5 Interlock switch
2 Power supply 6 PC boards
3 Speaker 7 Cash box
4 In-line fuse 8 Coin door
1 0
·I
I

VII. TECHNICAL INFORMATION
A. Logic Description and Operation
(see Figure 8)
CRASH uses the 6502 central proces-
sor unit. (For more information on
this procesor, refer to MOSTEK pub-
lication #6500-10A, MCS Microcompu-
ter Family Hardware Manual.)
This processor is unique in that it
does not have a separate input/out-
put structure, but treats all I/O
as if it were an area of memory.
Memory is mapped as follows:
FFF8-FFFF
FOOO-FFF7
DODO
cooo
AOOO
8000
4000-43FF
3000
2000
1000-1FFF
0100-01FF
0000-00FF
Interrupt and reset
vectors
Program storage (PROM)
Four-way control and
interrupt reset
Option switches (input)
Control switches
(input)
Player car rotation and
audio control bits
(outputs)
Screen RAM
Player car horizontal
position (controls)
Player car vertical
position (controls)
Program storage (PROM)
Stack RAM
Base page RAM
Base page RAM holds variables while
the game program is running; the
stack RAM holds return addresses
and important data during subrou-
tines. The program storage PROM
holds the program which controls
the operation of the game.
The screen RAM consists of 1024
bytes (8-bit words) of read/write
memory. When not being addressed
by the processor, this RAM is
scanned by main timing, to display
a 32 x 32 matrix of squares on the
screen. The data stored in the
scren RAM is then used to select
one of 256 images from the screen
ROM (each image is 8 elements wide
and 8 lines tall). Note that the
processor never addresses screen
ROM directly (see Figure 8).
The 8 x 8 images selected from
screen ROM fit together to form the
display on screen. An alphanumeric
character consists of a single 8 x
8
image, while the player's car and
the crash explosion are each made
up of several images.
Example:
To store the letter "X" in the
upper left corner of the screen,
the processor would write 29H in
memory location 4000H.
The player car is generated by two
sets of counters (horizontal and
vertical) which are used to posi-
tion the image on screen. The out-
puts of the counters, along with
the rotation information in 8000H,
are fed to the player car PROM to
form the car's image. The proces-
sor controls the car by preloading
the counters to the desired posi-
tion during vertical sync.
The processor reads data from the
switches by gating the data from
the control or option switches onto
the data bus when the appropriate
address is selected.
B. Audio Description and Operation
(see Figure 9)
The audio board is powered by +5
VDC from the logic borad and +15
VDC developed on the audio board
itself. The AC power source for
the +15 VDC comes from an external
transformer which steps down the
115 VAC line voltage.
The audio board contains the
following circuits:
* +15 VDC regulated power supplies
* audio amplifier
11

* white noise generator
* speed beep sound generator
* crash sound generator
* skid sound generator
* motor sound generator
* music input
* yoke polarity driver
Following are brief descriptions of
these circuits:
The +15 VDC Power Supply
The first stage of the +15 VDC sup-
ply is a full wave rectifier which
converts the input 35 VAC (center-
tapped) to approximately +25 VDC.
This later DC voltage is not criti-
cal, however, and may vary from
transformer to transformer.
The second stage is a self-contain-
ed 3-lead regulator chip (LM 340T -
VR1)
which converts the +25 VDC to
+15 VDC. This +15 VDC source feeds
most audio circuits, and the base
of transistor Q1. This source is a
relatively low current supply, so
pass transistor Q1 provides a
higher current at +15 VDC for the
audio amplifier chips (LM 380N or
equivalent). Transistor Q1 is con-
figured as an emitter follower, so
the emitter voltage will equal the
regulated +15 VDC minus approxi-
mately .7 VDC (the normal drop
across the base-emitter junction
for a silicon transistor at or near
saturation) .
The White Noise Generator
The white noise is produced by the
thermal breakdown of a transistor
junction. Q2 has a grounded base,
an open collector , and an emitter
tied to the +15 VDC current source.
The base-emitter junction is re-
verse biased so much that it breaks
down, generating broad band noise.
12
U1 amplifies Q2's output. U1 's
output is a high impedance current
source and would be easily loaed
down by other audio circuits; the
single stage amplifier Q3 prevents
this loading, and provides a low
impedance source for driving other
circuits.
The Speed Beep Sound Generator
U11A is wired as a triggered oscil-
lator (one shot); U11B is wired as
a VCO and amplifier, with volume
controlled by R39. The processor
sends a signal when a speed dot is
erased. This pulse triggers U11A,
which enables U11B for the one shot
period.
The Crash Sound Generator
The crash sound is triggered by a
negative-going TTL pulse from the
logic boad. Transistor Q6 receives
no base current until the incoming
signal 5 CRASH forward biases diode
CR7, creating a base current path
charging capacitor C15. When the
input signal is removed, diode CR7
is once more reverse biased, leav-
ing the charged C15 to keep the
circuit on for a period determined
by the RC combination C15, R24.
This circuit, however, does not os-
cillate. It merely amplifies the
· white noise previously generated,
and thus is like an amplifying
switch with a small turn-off delay.
C11, C19 and R11 form a damped-wave
decay network. A diode in the col-
lector of Q6 provides output isola-
tion.
The Skid Sound Generator
The skid sound is enabled by a TTL
low level input from the logic
board. This generator consists of
a voltage controlled oscillator
(used as a tone generator) and an
amplitude modulator used to shape
the sound volume.

When there is no input signal,
transistor Q11 is saturated, thus
holding U4 pin S (the input to the
VCO) relatively low and US pin 2
(the control input to the amplitude
modulator) relatively high. This
voltage at US pin 2 holds the out-
put OFF.
Note that one end of a 68K resistor
is tied to the base of Q11 and the
other end is tied to the output of
U3, an open-collector gate. Given
a TTL low level on the input of
this gate, the output drives toward
ground, thus making the 68K resis-
tor effectively the bottom part of
a resistor divider on the base of
Q11.
This would immediately rob Q11 of
most of its base current and cause
the collector voltage to rise, if
not for the 6.8 uF capacitor in the
upper half of the divider. This
capacitor takes time to discharge,
and thus the collector voltage ri-
ses gradually. This changes the
VCO frequency gradualy from low to
hiqh.
Since the emitter voltage is the
amplitude control input to US, this
also enables the output of the mod-
ulator US in the same manner (ex-
cept that a descending voltage in-
creases the output amplitude).
The duration of the input signal S
SKID
determines the duration of the
skid sound directly. The output is
fed directly to the audio input
bus.
The Motor Sound Generator
The Q4 -U10 curcuit generates the
motor sound in much the same way
that the Q11 - U4 circuit generates
the skid sound. The low motor/high
motor input is selected by the
position of the control panel FAST
button. RS2 and RS3 control the
motor sound frequencies, not the
volume. R16 is the volume control.
The complements of both the low and
high fundamental frequencies are
present at the collector of Q12.
The input U10-S has the composite
of all fundamentals and harmonics.
The Music Input
The music is generated entirely by
the microprocessor on the logic
board, out of software. The input
on the audio board simply consists
of an isolation and volume control
network, prior to passing the sig-
nal to the audio drivers (U7 and
U8) •
The Yoke Polarity Driver
This circuit is used only in cock-
tail table models of CRASH, where
the video display must be turned
over in order for a player on ei-
ther side of the table to see an
upright picture when it is his turn
to play. The circuit is a single D
type flip-flop driving a transistor
(MJE 182). When this transistor is
turned on the collector drives to-
ward ground, thus supplying the
yoke relay with the ground it needs
to energize and reverse the yoke
leads in the video monitor.
The flip-flop U2 is set by a neg-
ative-going TTL pulse from the log-
ic board to U2 pin 2; this inverts
the picture. U2 is reset by a neg-
ative-going pulse from the logic
board to pin 13.
13

C. Diagrams, Pinout Table and
Schematics
Switch
Inputs
Micro-
processor
Base Page
&
Stack RAM
Control
ROM
Four-way
Control
Data Bus
Audio
Outputs
Address Bus
1////1!/!f/Z
Player
Car
Position
Counter
Screen
RAM
Timing &
Sync Generation
Playf ield Maze &
Drone Car Images
Player
Car
Screen
ROM
Sync
Lines
Figure 8: Logic Board Block Diagram
14
Video

~
Ul
1-Ij
I-'·
l.Q
c
ti
(D
\.0
..
~
c
QJ
I-'·
0
to
0
Ill
ti
QJ
to
f-J
0
()
~
0
I-'·
Ill
l.O
ti
~
--~~~~~~+15
VDC
High
Current
VCC
Source
from
Q1
+15
VDC
From}
35
VAC
Center-Tapped
Regulated
VR1
XFMR
(CT
ties
to
VCC
GND)
Power
SupplY+15
VDC
Low
Current
(SuppiY'\,_+_.;_5_V~D~C==--------a
_.
White
Noise
Generator
1--
U1
-
Q2
{Enable)
5
CRASH
!Motor
Sound
Generator
U10
Tone
CEnable)5
SPEED BEEP I
Gene
_
rator
)lllir-
Voltage
..
Controlled
Oscillator
U11
-
~
Crash
Sound
Generator
Q6
Skid
Sound
Generator
U2
-U4
Music
Volume
Control
R63
VCC
Source
-
Amplitude
Modulator
U11
Video
Inversion
Latch
&
Driver
Q8
I
•I
U2
Disable)
5 RESET INVERT
To
video
yoke
relay
*
I
U7
--
U8
--
(Used
only
for
audio
power
am-
plifier
LM
380s)
...

Pinout Table
From
J1-1
J1-2
J1-3
J1-4
J1-5
J1-6
J1-7
J1-8
J1-9
J2-A
J2-B
J3-1
J3-2
J3-7
J4-1
J4-2
J4-3
J5-13
J5-14
J5-15
J5-16
J5-20
J5-21
To
J5-5
J5-11
J5-8
J5-10
J5-7
J5-9
J5-6
(
J4-2\
J5-2)
J3-10
J3-9
J5-4
J5-3
P10-3
J5-1
J5-2
Signal
1
player
start
Four-way down
Four-way left
Four-way up
Four-way right
FAST
2
player start
Unused
Ground
AC lo
( used only )
for 110 VAC
AC hi
lamp versions
Video out
Ground
AC
gnd
VCC 5 VDC
Ground
J5-12 Coin norm. open
Open Static antenna*
Power 35 VAC CT grounded
supply
gnd,
P7-2
P?-
5 }
35 VAC
P7-6
J6 -A } Speaker out
J6-B
* The static antenna is a six inch
long wire in the harness. One end
is connected to J5-13; the other
1 6
From
J7-1
J7-2
To Signal
VCC 5 V out
{
5 V
common ground
GND
35 V CT
J?-
5 }
35 VAC 35 V lead out
J7-6
J9-1
J9-2
J9-3
J10-1
J10-2
J15-11
J15-1
P9-1
P9-2 {
P9-3 {
P15-1
P15-2
E1
E2
AC interlock out
Plug
AC common
Plug
AC ground
leads
1 & 3 35 V transformer
110 VAC in
leads
2 & 4
6.3 V 6.3 VAC out
J10-1 110 VAC hot
TRM 110 VAC to 5 V
1 & 3
power supply
J10-2 AC connnon
TRM AC to 5 V power
2 & 4 supply
J10-3
chassis AC ground
ground
P16-1 6.3 VAC supply
P16-2 6.3 VAC common
F1-B AC hot (fused to
interlock switch)
end is free. Cut 1/4" pieces off
as needed, until static discharges
no longer turn on the game.

Main
Logic
Board
1 1
Coin Door
Monitor
t~~-~
P10
P16
Figure 10: Harness Diag~am
Four
Lamp
6 v
1 1
9 9
J1
Control
Panel
17

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~
LOGIC
DIAGRAM
PAGE
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MASTER
TIMING
CR
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0-31C:,l-A