GE HEALTHCARE E-PSMP User manual

GE Healthcare
Module Frames and Modules
Technical Manual
CAUTION: U.S. Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a licensed medical practitioner.
Outside the USA, check local laws for any restriction that may apply.
All specifications subject to change without notice.
English
Order code
#2062973-004 paper
October 5, 2016
© 2013 - 2016 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.

2062973-004
Master table of contents
Module Frames and Modules
Technical Manual
Order code
#2062978-001 DVD
#2062978-002 DVD 510(k)
#2062973-004 paper
Description Tab
About this manual 1
PRESTN Modules, E-PRESTN, E-RESTN, E-PRETN
Patient Side Modules, E-PSM, E-PSMP Rev.01
2
PiCCO Module, E-PiCCO 3
Cardiac Output Modules E-COP and E-COPSv Rev. 01 4
Pressure Module, E-P, Pressure Temp Module, E-PT,
Dual Pressure Module, E-PP
5
Masimo Module, E-MASIMO 6
Nellcor Compatible Saturation Module, E-NSATX 7
Respiratory Modules, E-sCAiOVX, E-sCAiOV, E-sCAiO,
E-sCOVX, E-sCOV, E-sCO
8
Compact Airway Modules, E-CAiOVX, E-CAiOV, E-CAiO,
E-COVX, E-COV and E-CO
9
Single-width Airway Module, E-miniC 10
Entropy Module, E-ENTROPY Rev. 01 11
EEG Module, E-EEG and EEG Headbox, N-EEG 12
BIS Module, E-BIS Rev. 01 13
NeuroMuscular Transmission Module, E-NMT Rev. 01 14
Module Frames F5, F7 15
PDM Module v2 16

Module Frames and Modules
2062973-004
For your notes:

Table of contents
1 - i
2062973-004
Table of contents
1 About this manual 1-1
1.1 Intended use of the manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 Intended audience of the manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.3 Third party trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.4 ESD awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.5 Service requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.5.1 Equipment identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.5.2 Serial number label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.5.3 Device plate location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.5.4 Access to Webmin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

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2062973-004

About this manual
1 - 1
2062973-004
1 About this manual
1.1 Intended use of the manual
This Module Frames and Modules Technical Manual must be used in conjunction with the
CARESCAPE modular monitor’s technical manual for important safety information.
This manual contains instructions necessary to perform planned and corrective maintenance
to the parameter modules and module frames. Use it as a guide for maintenance and repairs
considered field repairable.
Where necessary the manual identifies additional sources of relevant information and
technical assistance.
See the patient monitor’s technical manual for an overview of the patient monitoring system,
information needed for system installation and for planned and corrective maintenance.
See the supplemental information manual for the technical specifications, default settings and
compatibility information, including electromagnetic compatibility.
See the patient monitor’s user's manual for the instructions necessary to operate the device
safely in accordance with its function and intended use.
1.2 Intended audience of the manual
This manual is intended for service representatives and technical personnel who install,
maintain, troubleshoot, or repair this device.
1.3 Third party trademarks
All other product and company names are the property of their respective owners.
1.4 ESD awareness
The system complies with IEC 60601-1-2:2001 + A:2004.
In accordance with IEC 60601-1-2, modules marked with the ESD warning symbol (IEC
60417-5134) require user training in ESD awareness and prevention as follows:
•The contents of the training are specified in the local ESD Control Program Plan, issued in
accordance with IEC 61340-5-1. The training should at least include an introduction to
ESD and its impacts on electrical devices and how to prevent it by using appropriate
personal protection equipment, proper work practices and tools.
1.5 Service requirements
General service requirements and qualification requirements for the service personnel.
Follow the service requirements listed below.
−Refer equipment servicing to GE authorized service personnel only.
−Any unauthorized attempt to repair equipment under warranty voids that warranty.
−It is the user’s responsibility to report the need for service to GE or to one of their
authorized agents.
−Failure on the part of the responsible individual, hospital, or institution using this
equipment to implement a satisfactory maintenance schedule may cause undue
equipment failure and possible health hazards.

Module Frames and Modules
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2062973-004
−Regular maintenance, irrespective of usage, is essential to ensure that the equipment will
always be functional when required.
1.5.1 Equipment identification
Every GE device has a unique serial number for identification. A sample of the information
found on a serial number label is shown below.
1.5.2 Serial number label
An example of a serial number label of an E-module is shown below.
Description
Aproduct code
Byear manufactured
Cfiscal week manufactured
Dproduction sequence number
Emanufacturing site
Fmiscellaneous characteristic
Description
TYPE Device type e.g. E-NMT
SN Serial number

About this manual
1 - 3
2062973-004
1.5.3 Device plate location
The device plate is located between the docking rails of the PDM module and on the inside of
the module frames F5 and F7.
Figure 1 Device plate location, Patient Data Module and module frames
The device plate is located beside the docking rails of the E-PSM and E-PSMP modules and on
the left side of the plug-in E-modules.
Figure 2 Device plate location, E-PSM and E-modules
1.5.4 Access to Webmin
Webmin can be accessed locally through the CARESCAPE monitor or remotely from a
configured service laptop connected to the CARESCAPE monitor.
For information about Webmin, see the CARESCAPE monitor’s technical manual.

Module Frames and Modules
1 - 4
2062973-004
For your notes:

2
Hemodynamic Modules
E-PRESTN, E-RESTN, E-PRETN (Rev. 00)
E-PSMP, E-PSM (Rev. 01)
Technical Manual

Table of contents
2 - i
2062973-004
Table of contents
1 Product overview 2-1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
1.2 Measurement principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
1.2.1 ECG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
1.2.2 Respiration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
1.2.3 Invasive blood pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
1.2.4 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
1.2.5 Pulse oximetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
1.2.6 NIBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
1.3 Main components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
1.3.1 Controls and connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
1.3.2 E-PSM(P) and E-(P)RE(S)TN modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
1.3.3 ECG board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
1.3.4 STP board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
1.3.5 NIBP board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
2 Configuration 2-20
2.1 STP/TP /ST-Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
2.1.1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
3 Maintenance and checkout 2-22
3.1 Replacement of planned maintenance parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
3.1.1 Required parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
3.1.2 Replacement procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
3.2 Visual inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
3.3 Electrical safety tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
3.4 Functional check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
3.4.1 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
3.4.2 ECG tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
3.4.3 Impedance respiration tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
3.4.4 Invasive pressure tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
3.4.5 Temperature tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
3.4.6 SpO2 tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
3.4.7 NIBP tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
3.4.8 Test completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
4 Calibration and adjustments 2-31
4.1 Invasive pressure calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
4.1.1 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
4.1.2 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
4.2 Temperature calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33
4.2.1 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33
4.2.2 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33
4.3 NIBP calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34

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4.3.1 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35
4.3.2 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35
5 Troubleshooting 2-38
5.1 Visual inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
5.2 Troubleshooting checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
5.3 Service Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
5.3.1 Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
5.3.2 Device Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
5.3.3 Log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
5.4 Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40
5.4.1 ECG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40
5.4.2 Impedance respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42
5.4.3 Invasive Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42
5.4.4 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-44
5.4.5 SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-44
5.4.6 NIBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45
5.5 Troubleshooting chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-49
5.5.1 Invasive Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-49
5.5.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-49
6 Disassembly and reassembly 2-50
6.1 Disassembly guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-50
6.1.1 ESD precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-50
6.1.2 Before disassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-50
6.1.3 Required tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-51
6.2 Disassembling and reassembling procedure, E-PRESTN, E-PRETN, E-RESTN . . . . . . . . . . . 2-51
6.2.1 Removing the pump unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-57
6.2.2 Replacing the NIBP air filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-58
6.3 Disassembling and reassembling procedure, E-PSMP and E-PSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-58
6.3.1 Removing the pump unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62
6.3.2 Removing the manifold unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-63
6.3.3 Removing the module bus connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-64
6.3.4 Replacing the NIBP air filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-65
7 Service parts 2-66
7.1 Ordering parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66
7.2 E-PRESTN, E-PRETN, E-RESTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-67
7.2.1 Front cover for E-PRESTN, E-PRETN, E-RESTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70
7.3 Patient Side Modules, E-PSM, E-PSMP (Rev. 01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-72
7.4 Patient Side Modules, E-PSM, E-PSMP (Rev. 00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-74
7.4.1 Front panel labeling, E-PSM(P) (Rev. 00 and 01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-75
7.4.2 Spare parts for PSM mounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-76
8 Earlier revisions 2-77
Maintenance check form 2-79

Hemodynamic Modules E-PRESTN, E-RESTN, E-PRETN, E-PSMP, E-PSM
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2062973-004
1 Product overview
1.1 Introduction
This document provides information for the maintenance and service of the Patient Side
Modules E-PSMP and E-PSM, and the double-width plug-in hemodynamic modules, E-PRETN,
E-PRESTN and E-RESTN.
These modules provide general hemodynamic parameters.
Figure 1 Patient Side Module, E-PSMP, and Hemodynamic Module, E-PRESTN.
Equipment safety symbols
Safety symbol for the E-PSMP and E-PSM modules:
Parameter E-PSMP E-PSM E-PRESTN E-RESTN E-PRETN
ECG XXX XX
Impedance respiration XXX XX
Two invasive blood
pressures
XX X
Two temperatures XXX XX
Pulse oximetry XXX X
NIBP XXX XX
This symbol on the module refers to defibrillator precautions. To ensure
protection against the effects of cardiac defibrillator discharge, always use the
recommended cables and leadwires only (see the supplemental information
manual). Using other cables or leadwires may result in damage to the
equipment and compromise patient and/or user safety.

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2062973-004
Safety symbol for the E-PRESTN, E-RESTN, and E-PRETN modules:
1.2 Measurement principle
1.2.1 ECG
Electrocardiography analyzes the electrical activity of the heart by measuring the electrical
potential produced with electrodes placed on the surface of the body.
ECG reflects:
•electrical activity of the heart
•normal/abnormal function of the heart
•effects of anesthesia on heart function
•effects of surgery on heart function
See the patient monitor’s user’s manual for electrodes’ positions and other information.
1.2.2 Respiration
Impedance respiration is measured across the thorax between ECG electrodes. The respiration
signal is made by supplying current between the electrodes and by measuring the differential
current from the electrodes. The signal measured is the impedance change caused by
breathing. The respiration rate is calculated from these impedance changes, and the
respiration waveform is displayed on the screen.
1.2.3 Invasive blood pressure
To measure invasive blood pressure, a catheter is inserted into an artery or vein. The invasive
pressure setup, consisting of a connecting tubing, a pressure transducer, an intravenous bag
of normal saline, all connected together by stopcocks, is attached to the catheter. The
transducer is placed at the same level with the heart, and is electrically zeroed.
The transducer is a piezo-resistive device that converts the pressure signal to a voltage. The
monitor interprets the voltage signal so that pressure data and pressure waveforms can be
displayed.
1.2.4 Temperature
The temperature is measured by a probe whose resistance varies when the temperature
changes, called NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) resistor.
The resistance can be measured by two complementary methods:
•Applying a constant voltage across the resistor and measuring the current that flows
through it.
•Applying a constant current through the resistor and measuring the voltage that is
generated across it.
When displayed on the module, indicates that protection against cardiac
defibrillator discharge is due in part to the accessories for pulse oximetry (SpO2),
temperature (T) and invasive pressure (P) measurement.

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These modules use the constant current method. The NTC-resistor is connected in series with a
normal resistor and a constant voltage is applied across them. The temperature dependent
voltage can be detected at the junction of the resistors, thus producing the temperature signal
from the patient. The signal is amplified by analog amplifiers and further processed by digital
electronics.
1.2.5 Pulse oximetry
A pulse oximeter measures the light absorption of blood at two wavelengths, one in the near
infrared (about 940 nm) and the other in the red region (about 660 nm) of the light spectrum.
These wavelengths are emitted by LEDs in the SpO2probe, the light is transmitted through
peripheral tissue and is finally detected by a PIN-diode opposite the LEDs in the probe. The
pulse oximeter derives the oxygen saturation (SpO2)using an empirically determined
relationship between the relative absorption at the two wavelengths and the arterial oxygen
saturation SaO2.
In order to measure the arterial saturation accurately, pulse oximeters use the component of
light absorption giving variations synchronous with heart beat as primary information on the
arterial saturation.
A general limitation of pulse oximetry is that due to the use of only two wavelengths, only two
hemoglobin species can be discriminated by the measurement.
The modern pulse oximeters are empirically calibrated either against fractional saturation
SaO2frac;
Formula 1
or against functional saturation SaO2func;
Formula 2
Functional saturation is more insensitive to changes of carboxyhemoglobin and
methemoglobin concentrations in blood.
The oxygen saturation percentage SpO2measured by the module is calibrated against
functional saturation SaO2func. The advantage of this method is that the accuracy of SpO2
measurement relative to SaO2func can be maintained even at rather high concentrations of
carboxyhemoglobin in blood. Independent of the calibration method, pulse oximeters are not
able to correctly measure oxygen content of the arterial blood at elevated carboxyhemoglobin
or methemoglobin levels.
Plethysmographic pulse wave
The plethysmographic waveform is derived from the IR signal and reflects the blood pulsation
at the measuring site. Thus the amplitude of the waveform represents the perfusion.
SaO2frac HbO2
HbO2Hb Dyshemoglobin++
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------=
SaO2func HbO2
HbO2Hb+
----------------------------=

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Pulse rate
The pulse rate calculation is done by peak detection of the plethysmographic pulse wave. The
signals are filtered to reduce noise and checked to separate artifacts.
Figure 2 Absorption of infrared light in the finger
Figure 3 Pulse oximetry probe parts layout and schematic diagram
PSM_absorption_of_infrared.vsd
Emitter
Detector
SpO2 sensor connector
IRED
RED

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The standard probe is a finger clamp probe which contains the light source LEDs in one half
and the photodiode detector in the other half. Different kinds of probes are available from GE
Healthcare.
1.2.6 NIBP
NIBP (Non-Invasive Blood Pressure) is an indirect method for measuring blood pressure.
The NIBP measurement is performed according to the oscillometric measuring principle. The
cuff is inflated with a pressure slightly higher than the presumed systolic pressure, and deflated
at a speed based on the patient’s pulse, collecting data from the oscillations caused by the
pulsating artery. Based on these oscillations, values for systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures
are calculated.
The following parts are necessary for the NIBP measurement:
•a parameter module
•twin hose (adult or infant model)
•blood pressure cuffs (various sizes)

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1.3 Main components
1.3.1 Controls and connectors
Figure 4 Front and back panel connectors of E-PRESTN module
Module keys Module Description
Auto On/Off
Start Cancel
E-PRESTN, E-PRETN, E-RESTN Starts and stops autocycling NIBP
measurements
Starts a single NIBP measurement,
and cancels any measurement.
Zero P1
Zero P2
E-PRESTN, E-PRETN Zeroes P1
Zeroes P2
Connector Module Description
NIBP E-PRESTN, E-PRETN, E-RESTN NIBP connector (black)
P1-P2 E-PRESTN, E-PRETN InvBP connector (red)
T1-T2 E-PRESTN, E-PRETN, E-RESTN Temperature connector (brown)
SpO2E-PRESTN, E-RESTN SpO2connector (blue)
ECG E-PRESTN, E-PRETN, E-RESTN ECG and impedance respiration
connector (green)
D25 connector E-PRESTN, E-PRETN, E-RESTN Module bus connector