2.2.5 Primary injection testing
It is essential that primary injection testing is carried out to prove the correct
polarity of currenttransformers.
Before
commencing
any primary injection testing it is essential to ensurethat the
circuit is dead, isolated fromthe
remainder
of the system and that only those
earth connections associated with the primary test
equipment
are in position.
2.2.6 Primary fault setting
The primary fault setting of any balanced schemecan be checked using the circuit
shown in Figure 2. The primary currentis injected into each current
transformer
in
turnand increased untilthe relay operates. The voltage at which the relay
operates shouldbe within ±10% of the relay setting voltage VR. The primary
currentfor operation and relay currentshouldbe noted.
In the case of machineprotection similartests
must
be carried out by injecting
first into each current
transformer
in turnto determinethe primary fault setting.
For large machinesthe machineitself can be used to provide the fault currentto
check the primary fault setting as shown in Figure 5. The machineshouldbe run
up to speed with no excitation. The excitation shouldthen be increased untilthe
relays have all operated. The primary current,relay current and relay voltage
shouldbe noted as each relay operates.
2.2.7
Through
fault stability
With any form of unbalanced protection it is necessary to check that the current
transformers are correctly connected. For this purpose with a restricted earth
fault scheme the circuit shown in Figure 3 may be used. During this test it is
necessary to measure the spill current in the relay circuit and short out the relay
and stabilising resistor (if fitted). The current is increased up to as near full load
as possible and the spill current noted. The spill current should be very low, only
a few milliamps if the connections are correct. A high reading (twice the injected
current, referred through the current transformer ratio) indicates that one of the
current transformers is reversed.
Injection should be carried out through each phase to netural.
Where primary injection is not practicable in the case of restricted earth fault
protection on a
transformer
it may be possible to check stability by meansof back
energising the
transformer
froma low voltage (415V) supply as shown in Figure
4.
In the case of machineprotection, similarstability tests
must
be carried out
by
injecting into one and out of anothercurrent
transformer
connected on the same
phase.
For large machines,the machineitself can be used to provide the fault current,
but the shortcircuit
must
now be fitted as shown in Figure 6. The machineshould
be runup to
normal
speed and the excitation increased untilthe primary currentis
approximately fullload, when the spill currentshouldbe checked.
All other types of balanced protection shouldbe tested in a similarmanner.
At the conclusionof the tests ensure that all connections are correctly restored
and any shortingconnections removed.
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