GE T1000 User manual

GE
Grid Solutions
GE Reason Switches
Industrial Managed Ethernet Switches
Technical Manual
T1000 Platform Hardware Version: A
T1000 Platform Software Version: 03
S20 Platform Hardware Version: B
S20 Platform Software Version: 06
Publication Reference: REASON-SWITCHES-TM-EN-3.3
imagination at work

CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction 13
1Foreword 13
1.1 Target Audience 13
1.2 Nomenclature 14
1.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations 14
2Product Scope 18
3Unpacking 19
4Available models 20
4.1 T1000 20
4.2 S2020 20
4.3 S2024G 20
5Key Features 21
6Compliance 23
6.1 Standard Compliance 23
6.2 EMC Compliance 23
6.3 Product Safety 23
6.4 R&TTE Compliance 24
7Ordering Options 25
7.1 S2020 25
7.2 S2024G 26
7.3 T1000 27
Chapter 2: Safety Information 29
1Health and Safety 29
2Symbols 31
3Installation, Commissioning and Servicing 32
3.1 Lifting Hazards 32
3.2 Electrical Hazards 32
3.3 Fusing Requirements 34
3.4 Equipment Connections 34
3.5 Pre-energisation Checklist 36
3.6 Peripheral Circuitry 37
3.7 Upgrading/Servicing 37
4Decommissioning and Disposal 38
Chapter 3: Hardware Design 39
1Hardware Composition 39
2Mechanical Implementation 40
3Hardware Architecture 42
4Communication port connections 43
Chapter 4: Functions 44
1System management 44

1.1 System Information 44
1.2 IP Information 45
1.3 NTP Synchronization 45
1.4 Time zone 46
1.5 Log 46
2Ports 48
3Security 50
3.1 SNMP Protocol 51
4Aggregation 53
5Loop Protection 56
5.1 Loop Fundamentals 56
5.2 Loop Protection 57
6Spanning Tree Protocol 59
6.1 Spanning Fundamentals 59
6.2 STP Protocol 62
6.3 RSTP Protocol 64
6.4 MSTP Protocol 67
6.5 UltraRSTP 69
7IPMC 71
7.1 IP Multicast (IPMC) 71
7.2 IGMP Snooping 72
7.3 MLD Snooping 74
8MAC Table 76
9Virtual LAN 79
9.1 Legacy LAN Technology 79
9.2 Virtual LAN Basics 80
9.3 LAN in Modern Power System Communication 83
9.4 IEEE 802.1Q Switch operation concepts 84
9.5 Reason Switches Operation 86
10 Quality of Service (QoS 89
10.1 Quality of Service Basics 89
10.2 Class-of-Service (CoS) Bits QoS 91
10.3 Differentiated Service Code Point (DSCP) 94
10.4 GE Reason Switches QoS Capabilities 96
11 Mirroring 101
12 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) 104
12.1 Timing Requirements for Power System Applications 104
12.2 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Functional 105
12.3 PTP in GE Reason Switches 108
Chapter 5: Interfaces 110
1Signalizing Leds 110
2Reboot Button (Only for T1000) 112
3Hardware Reset 113
4Dry-Contact Relay 114
5Communication Interfaces 115

6Communication Protocols 116
6.1 HTTP/HTTPS 116
6.2 SSH 116
6.3 Telnet 119
Chapter 6: Operation 122
1Energizing 122
2Local Operation –USB Interface 123
3Remote Operation –Ethernet Interface 126
Chapter 7: Configuration 129
1Configuration overview 129
2System Management Setting 130
2.1 System Management Setting 130
2.2 IP Services 130
2.3 NTP Synchronization 134
2.4 Time Configuration 134
2.5 Log 136
3Port Setting 138
4Security Settings 142
4.1 General Security Settings 142
4.2 SNMP Setting 149
5Aggregation Settings 157
5.1 Static Aggregation Setting 157
5.2 LACP Settings 158
6Loop Protection Settings 160
7Spanning Tree Settings 162
8IPMC Setting 171
8.1 IPMC Profile 171
8.2 IPMC 174
9MAC table Settings 183
10 VLAN Settings 185
11 QoS Settings 190
11.1 Port Classification 190
11.2 Port Policing 192
11.3 Queue Policing 193
11.4 Port Scheduler 193
11.5 Port Shaping 196
11.6 Port Tag Remarking 198
11.7 Port DSCP 200
11.8 DSCP-Based QoS 201
11.9 DSCP Translation 202
11.10 DSCP Classification 202
11.11 QoS Control List 203
11.12 Storm Policing 209
11.13 WRED 211

12 Mirroring Settings 213
13 PTP Settings 217
14 Application Examples 221
14.1 Configuring VLANs in a Digital Substation Network 221
14.2 RSTP Configuring in a Ring Network Topology 229
14.3 PTP Transparent Clock 231
Chapter 8: Monitoring 235
1System Management 235
2Ports 238
3Security 241
4Aggregation 244
5Loop Protection 246
6Spanning Tree 247
7IPMC 250
8MAC Table 253
9VLAN 254
10 PTP 255
Chapter 9: Installation 257
1Functional Overview 257
1.1 Highlights 257
1.2 Human Machine Interface Descriptions 261
2Mounting 263
2.1 Rack Mounting 263
2.2 Panel and Rail Mouting 264
3Power Connections 266
4Communications Ports 267
4.1 Electrical Ethernet Ports (RJ45) 267
4.2 Fixed Fiber Optics Transceiver (FDDI) 267
4.3 SFP Pluggable Transceiver 268
5Dry Contact Alarm (Failsafe) 270
6Preventive Maintenance Actions 271
6.1 Preventive Actions 271
Chapter 10: Maintenance and Troubleshooting 275
1Network Diagnostics 275
1.1 Ping 275
1.2 Link OAM 276
1.3 Ping6 276
1.4 VeriPHY 278
2Software Restart 280
3Software Management 281
4Configuration 283
5Troubleshooting 286
6Equipment Return 290

7Instructions for Equipment Repair Service 291
Chapter 11: Technical Specifications 292
1Power Supply 292
2Failsafe Relay 293
3Networking Standards Supported 294
4RJ45 Ethernet (10/100/1000 Mbps) Port 295
5Optical Transceivers (100/1000 Mbps) 296
6Operating Environment 297
7T1000 Dimensions 298
8S2020 and S202G Dimensions 299
9Ingress Protection 300
9.1 Front Mounting 300
9.2 Rear Mounting 300
9.3 Pollution Degree 300
10 Insulation, EMI and Environmental Tests 301
10.1 Insulation Tests 301
10.2 Type Tests 301

Table of Figures
Figure 1: T1000 Communication modules 39
Figure 2: T1000 Switch 40
Figure 3: S2020 Switch 40
Figure 4: S2024G Switch 41
Figure 5: Hardware architecture overview 42
Figure 6: NTP Time Protocol Mechanism 46
Figure 7: NTP Syslog Message Basics 47
Figure 8: Ports at a Transparent Bridge 48
Figure 9: Example of the SNMP management architecture 52
Figure 10: Comparison between common and aggregated links speed 53
Figure 11: Link failure behavior of an aggregated link 54
Figure 12: Load balancing in aggregated links 55
Figure 13: Bridge Loop 56
Figure 14: Usage situations for Loop Protection 57
Figure 15: BPDU Packet 59
Figure 16: Ring topology LAN and possible paths for data traffic from IED A to IED B 60
Figure 17: Example of a loop-topology showing bridge 61
Figure 18: Logical topology after the Spanning Tree protocol was executed 61
Figure 19: Port states in the Spanning Tree Protocol 62
Figure 20: STP protocol mechanism and maximum port changing time 63
Figure 21: Port states when STP protocol is used in a ring physical topology 64
Figure 22: Failure on the designated link of the Spanning tree 64
Figure 23: Reconfigured topology after a designated link failure 64
Figure 24: RSTP protocol mechanism 65
Figure 25: RSTP port status in a loop topology 66
Figure 26: RSTP edge and truck ports 66
Figure 27: BPDU flag field at RSTP protocol 67
Figure 28: MSTP regions and legacy RSTP LAN connection 68
Figure 29: CIST roots an MSTP regions and legacy RSTP LAN 69
Figure 30: MSTP regions behavior using RSTP protocol 69
Figure 31: RSTP recovery table 70
Figure 32: Network fault recovery using GE Reason Switches 70

Figure 33: Unicast and Broadcast communication 71
Figure 34: Multicast communication 72
Figure 35: IGMP protocol mechanism 73
Figure 36: IGMP Snooping at a given LAN 74
Figure 37: Ethernet frame 76
Figure 38: Address a table at a given Switch 77
Figure 39: Forwarding traffic in an Ethernet switch 77
Figure 40: LAN access restriction with MAC address configuration 78
Figure 41: Different LAN from different departments 79
Figure 42: addition of new hosts to the legacy VALN-unaware equipment 80
Figure 43: Physical topology of the addition of new hosts with VLAN-aware equipment
81
Figure 44: Logical topology of the addition of new hosts with VLAN-aware equipment
81
Figure 45: 802.1Q Ethernet frame 82
Figure 46: Typical topology in power system communication environment 84
Figure 47: Logical topology of typical power system communication environment 84
Figure 48: Traffic flow inside an 802.1Q switch 85
Figure 49: Traffic in an oversized 90
Figure 50: Traffic of incoming data higher than the port at the switch can process 90
Figure 51: Network with prioritization of traffic 91
Figure 52: CoS bits inside and 802.1Q frame 92
Figure 53: Traffic type acronyms, show in section l.4 on the IEEE 802.1Q 92
Figure 54: CoS classification as shown in IEC 61850-90-4 Technical Report, section
D.2.6 93
Figure 55: IP Header frame and Differentiated Service Code Point explained 94
Figure 56: Mapping of applications for service levels, shown in section D.2.7 of the IEC
61850-90-4 Technical Report 94
Figure 57: List of DSCP code point field values, shown in section D.2.9 of the IEC 61850-
90-4 Technical Report 95
Figure 58: Example of DSCP to CoS mapping, shown in section D.2.9 of the IEC61850-
90-4 Technical Report 95
Figure 59: CoS queues and remarking functions 97
Figure 60: DSCP queues and translation functions 98
Figure 61: Port Mirroring Being Executed by a Switch 101
Figure 62: Port Mirroring in One Switch 102

Figure 63: Port Mirroring in Many Switch 102
Figure 64: Data Monitor Flow Network 103
Figure 65: Synchronization classes, shown at IEC 61850-90-4 Technical Report, section
14.1 105
Figure 66: PTP network 106
Figure 67: PTP protocol mechanism 107
Figure 68: HMI LED matrix of T1000 Switches 110
Figure 69: HMI LED matrix of S2020 and S2024G Switches 111
Figure 70: Reboot button 112
Figure 71: Failsafe dry-contact relay 114
Figure 72: Example of HTTP or HTTPS first screen at a given web browser 116
Figure 73: Main menu at the SSH interface 118
Figure 74: Main menu at the Telnet interface 121
Figure 75: T1000 Power Supply Connector 122
Figure 76: S2020 and S2024G Power Supply Connector 122
Figure 77: B-type USB connector at Reason Switches 123
Figure 78: Main menu at the Telnet interface 125
Figure 79: Ethernet RJ45 connector at Reason Switches 126
Figure 80: Example of HTTP or HTTPS first screen at a given web browser 127
Figure 81: DPL level usage 212
Figure 82: Topology to be configured in a VLAN environment 221
Figure 83: Topology to be configured in a RSTP environment 230
Figure 84: Topology to be configured in a PTP environment 231
Figure 85: RJ45 port 262
Figure 86: Front mounting: Cabinet orientation for rack mounting 263
Figure 87: Rear mounting: Cabinet orientation for rack mounting 264
Figure 88: Mounting sites for rack adapters 264
Figure 89: Panel / DIN Rail front mounting diagram 265
Figure 90: T1000 (left) and S2020/S2024G (right) Power Supply Connector 266
Figure 91: RJ45 Ethernet Port 267
Figure 92: FDDI transceiver 268
Figure 93: SFP transceiver 268
Figure 94: Removal direction of the SFP transceiver 269
Figure 95: Insertion module of the SFP transceiver 269
Figure 96: Failsafe Relay 270

Figure 97: T1000 dimensions 298
Figure 98: S2020 and S2024G dimensions 299

GE Reason Switches
Industrial Managed Ethernet Switch
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter provides some general information about the technical manual and an
introduction to the device(s) described in this technical manual.
1Foreword
This technical manual provides a functional and technical description of GE Reason
Switches, as well as a comprehensive set of instructions for using the device. The
level at which this manual is written assumes that you are already familiar with
protection engineering and have experience in this discipline. The description of
principles and theory is limited to that which is necessary to understand the product.
We have attempted to make this manual as accurate, comprehensive and user-
friendly as possible. However, we cannot guarantee that it is free from errors. Nor
can we state that it cannot be improved. We would therefore be very pleased to hear
from you if you discover any errors, or have any suggestions for improvement. Our
policy is to provide the information necessary to help you safely specify, engineer,
install, commission, maintain, and eventually dispose of this product. We consider
that this manual provides the necessary information, but if you consider that more
details are needed, please contact us.
All feedback should be sent to our contact centre via the following URL:
http://www.gegridsolutions.com/alstomenergy/grid/grid/contactcentre
1.1 Target Audience
This manual has been designed for all professionals charged with installing,
commissioning, maintaining, troubleshooting, or operating any of the products within
the specified product range. This includes installation and commissioning personnel
who will be responsible for operating the product. The level at which this manual is
written assumes that installation and commissioning personnel have knowledge of
handling electronic equipment and a thorough knowledge of Ethernet switches and
associated equipment.

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Chapter 1 –Introduction
14
REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3
1.2 Nomenclature
Due to the technical nature of this manual, many special terms, abbreviations and
acronyms are used throughout the manual. Some of these terms are well-known
industry-specific terms while others may be special product-specific terms used by
GE Grid Solutions. The first instance of any acronym or term used in a particular
chapter is explained. In addition, a separate glossary is available on the GE website,
or from the GE contact centre.
We would like to highlight the following changes of nomenclature however:
British English is used throughout this manual.
The British term 'Earth' is used in favour of the American term 'Ground'.
1.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations
BC
Boundary Clock
BPDU
Bridge Protocol Data Unit
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CoS
Class-of-Service
IEC TR 61850-90-
4
Communication networks and systems for power utility
automation - Part 90-4: Network engineering guidelines
UTC
Universal Time Coordinated
DST
Daylight Saving Time
DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point
DNS
Domain Name Server
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
EMC
Electromagnetic compatibility
E2E
End-to-end
ECN
Explicit Congestion Notification
FCS
Frame Check Sequence

Chapter 1 –Introduction
GE Reason Switches
REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3
15
Gbps
Gigabits per second
GPS
Global Positioning System
GMC
Grandmaster Clock
HRC
High Rupture Capacity
HMI
Human-Machine Interface
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
GOOSE
IEC 61850 - Generic Object Oriented Substation Event
SV
IEC 61850 - Sampled Values
IEC 61850-9-2LE
Implementation guideline for Digital Interface to Instrument
Transformers using IEC 61850-9-2
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IED
Intelligent Electronic Device
IRIG
Inter Range Instrumentation Group
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
ICMPv6
Internet Control Message Protocol version 6
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
IP
Internet Protocol
IPMC
IP Multicast
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LLDP
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
LAN
Local Area Network
LVD
Low Voltage Directive
MIB
Management Information Base, used by SNMP protocol
MMS
Manufacturing Message Specification
MAC
Media Access Control
Mbps
megabits per second

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Chapter 1 –Introduction
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REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3
MCB
Miniature Circuit Breaker
MLD
Multicast Listener Discovery
MSTI
Multiple Spanning Tree Instance
MSTP
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1Q)
NIC
Network Interface Card
NTP
Network Time Protocol
NC
Normally Close
NO
Normally Open
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection model
P2P
Peer-to-peer
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
PDC
Phasor Data Concentrator
PMU
Phasor Measurement Unit
PVID
Port VLAN Identifier
PTP
Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588)
PCP
Priority Code Point
PCT
Protective Conductor Terminal
PPS
Pulse per second
QoS
Quality-of-Service
R&TTE
Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D)
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RMON
Remote Network Monitoring
RFC
Request For Comments
SSH
Secure Shell
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer
VLAN ID
See VID

Chapter 1 –Introduction
GE Reason Switches
REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3
17
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D)
TACACS+
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
TC
Transparent Clock
ToS
Type-of-Service
USB
Universal Serial Bus
UTP
Unshielded twisted pair
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
VLAN
Virtual LAN (IEEE 802.1Q)
VID
VLAN Identifier
WRED
Weighted Random Early Detection
WAMS
Wide Area Monitoring System
CLI
Command Line Interface
PDU
Protocol Data Units
CIST
Common Internal Spanning Tree
DPL
Drop Precedence Level
PCP
Priority Coded Point
DEI
Drop Eligible Indicator
DP
Drop Precedence
QCE
QoS Control Entry
QCL
QoS Control List
LACP
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
FDDI
Fixed Distributed Data Interface
SFP
Small-form Pluggable
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol

GE Reason Switches
Chapter 1 –Introduction
18
REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3
2Product Scope
GE Reason Switches are managed switches with modular communication interfaces
designed for harsh environment environments, such as power systems and industry
applications. Developed to be used in IEC 61850 networks, Reason Switches provide
flexibility, reliability and robustness in IED interconnections. Precision timing
synchronization of the IEDs can be obtained using the IEEE 1588 v2 protocol (PTP).
For IEC 61850 network applications, Reason Switches are able to perform traffic
isolation of Sampled Values (IEC 61850-9-2LE), GOOSE messages, PTP synchronizing
protocol and other messages using virtual LANs (VLANs). Switch traffic and ports
monitoring is performed using the SNMP protocol, and loop-based topologies, such
as ring topology, can be monitored and reconfigured using the RSTP (IEEE 802.1D)
protocol.
Packet switched transmission in the switches is totally done by hardware, which
ensures agility and maximum reliability even when interconnecting IEDs to distinct
interfaces and speeds.
The switches configuration may be done through interactive mode of text
commands (SSH and Telnet) or in a friendly graphic environment (HTTP or HTTPS) with
native or remote authentication (RADIUS and TACACS+). Statistical data collection
can be obtained using SNMP v2/v3 protocol. Communication interfaces are the
Ethernet port or a dedicated USB-2.0 port.
Critical applications can benefit from the optional redundant power supply for even
greater uptime and reliability. A dry-contact relay is available in Reason Switches to
indicate a failsafe alarm to the supervisory system when an interface communication
becomes unavailable or the equipment is missing of its power supplies.

Chapter 1 –Introduction
GE Reason Switches
REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3
19
3Unpacking
Unpack the equipment carefully and make sure that all accessories and cables are
put away so they will not be lost.
Check the contents against the packing list. If any of the contents listed is missing,
please contact GE immediately (see contact information at the beginning of this
manual).
Examine the equipment for any shipping damage. If the unit is damaged or fails to
operate, notify the shipping company immediately. Only the consignee (the person or
company receiving the unit) can file a claim against the carrier for occasional
shipping damages.
We recommend that the user retain the original packing materials for use in case of
need to transport or ship the equipment at some future time.

GE Reason Switches
Chapter 1 –Introduction
20
REASON SWITCHES-TM-EN-3
4Available models
4.1 T1000
T1000 is a managed switch and supports both NTP, operating as NTP client, and PTP,
used for IED synchronization.
The modular conception of T1000 switch allows up to 12 Ethernet ports (6 sets of 2
interfaces) supporting copper Ethernet communication (10/100/1000 Mpbs) and
Fibre Optic links (100/1000 Mpbs). For optical interface, ST (100 Mbps) and LC
(100/1000 Mbps) are available. LC Fibre links support multimode or single mode fibre
optics, and ST Fibre links support only multimode fibre optics.
Communication interfaces can be replaced or changed in the field with the
equipment in the panel.
4.2 S2020
The S2020 is a fast control Ethernet switch designed for less critical applications in
industry and power systems, such as the connection of high level equipment in the
automation architecture.
S2020's conception allows up to 20 Fast Ethernet ports or up to 16 Fast Ethernet
ports plus 4 Gigabit ports. The ports are in a module, containing 4 ports each, which
support copper Ethernet communication or LC connector Optical Fiber links
(multimode or single mode optical fiber).
S2020 only supports NTP synchronization protocol (client operation). If PTP is
required, refer to T1000 or S2024G.
4.3 S2024G
The S2024G is a managed gigabit Ethernet switch designed for applications that
request an increased number of Ethernet ports and Gigabit connection to most of
the nodes. The S2024G allows up to 24 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces operating
simultaneously.
S2024G supports IEEE 1588 v2 protocol (PTP) used for IED synchronization. In
transparent mode (TC), all ports support PTP by using time correction performed in
software (operation in two-step mode). In Boundary Clock (BC) mode up to 2 ports
can be used as a synchronizing input, leaving the remaining ports to be programmed
as outputs. S2024G may also operate as a NTP client.
Copper Ethernet communication (10/100/1000 Mpbs) and LC connector Optical Fiber
links (100/1000 Mpbs) are available. Optical Fiber links support multimode or single
mode optical.