GSC 4-30101 User manual

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Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[e-mail]
1747 North Deffer Drive
Nixa, Missouri 65714
Introduction
This apparatus is a fun and interesting way to demonstrate the
principles behind the formation of clouds without ever leaving the
classroom. The instructions for use are on the following page.
Clouds are made up of small water droplets, ice crystals, and whatever
small particles are in the air at any given moment, such as dust,
dirt, and pollen. A cloud forms when gaseous water vapor in the
atmosphere condenses into ice and water using the particles in the air
as nuclei of condensation.
Cloud formation is tied to pressure and temperature. Water vapor maintains its gaseous form as long as its
temperature stays above what is known as the dew point. Though it varies depending on multiple factors, such
as humidity and pressure, the dew point is the
temperature where the air can no longer hold any
more water vapor. When air gets colder than its dew
point, the water vapor in it condenses into liquid or
solid water. This liquid and solid water will attach to
the particles in the air and form a cloud.
There are multiple ways in which air can cool to the
point of forming clouds. Air can be warmed by the
sun as it heats the ground. Since warm air rises, this
air near the ground moves upward where it cools and
experiences a drop in pressure. As it goes through
this drop in temperature and pressure, it will pass its
dew point and condense into a cloud. Air can also be
forced upwards when it hits sloped terrain or areas
of low pressure, which will lead to cloud formation
as well.
Use our cloud formation apparatus to witness this
phenomena in a controlled, closed system.
Cloud Formation Apparatus
#4-30101
Warning:
• Not a toy; use only
in a laboratory or
educational setting.
• Contains latex.
• California Proposition
65 Warning: This
product may contain chemicals known to
the State of California to cause cancer and
birth defects or other reproductive harm.

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How to Use
1. Assemble the apparatus as it is shown below if it is not already set up properly. The pinch clamp on the hose
will not be necessary until step 4. Keep the clamp off the hose so that air ows through it freely until then.
2. Place the edge of the rubber hose into any reservoir of water. Squeeze and release the rubber bulb one time to
introduce a small amount of water into the system.
3. Light a match or anything that can produce smoke (not included). Hold this source of smoke beside the open
rubber hose, and squeeze and release the rubber bulb one time to introduce smoke into the system. These
smoke particles will act as nuclei for cloud formation.
4. With the rubber hose still open, squeeze the rubber bulb. Before releasing the compressed bulb, place the pinch
clamp over the rubber hose to close it and seal the system. This will create a closed system inside the ask with
a constant volume and a pressure that can be manipulated by the rubber bulb.
5. Release the bulb quickly. The drop in pressure caused by releasing the bulb will cool the water vapor inside the
ask enough for it to condense around the smoke particles and form a cloud.
6. Squeeze the bulb once more. You will see that as the pressure increases once more within the ask, the cloud
disappears.
7. You can repeat steps 8 and 9 as many times as you like. The cloud will continue to form and disappear as
changes are made to the pressure within the ask.
Components
1. Side arm with Pinch Clamp and Rubber Hose
2. Flask
3. Rubber Bulb
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