Gundlach PrimoX Series User manual

Manual for PrimoX
microscopes
11.12.00 PrimoX, binocular
11.12.10 PrimoX, trinocular
Specifications:
Total
Magnification: 40x - 1000x.
Eyepiece: 10x wide field
Objectives: 4x N.A. 0.10
plan
10x N.A. 0.25 plan
20x N.A. 0.40 plan
40x N.A. 0.65 plan
100x N.A. 1.25 plan
Mechanical
stage: Size:
140 mm x 210 mm.
X-Y range: 75 mm x 50 mm.
Graduation: 1 mm
Focusing: Graduation for fine
focus is 0.002 mm.
Abbé-
condenser: N.A. = 1.25.With
built-in diaphragm
and filter holder.
Extra swing-out lens
that is used with the
4x objective.
Construction of the microscope:
Objectives:
All objectives are produced accor-
ding to DIN-standard. 40x and 100x
objectives have a spring mount to
avoid breakage of specimens and
objectives. The five-hole objective
revolver makes it easy to change
between the different objectives.
Focusing knobs and stage stop
adjustment:
The coaxial coarse and fine adjust-
ment knobs make it easy to attain a
sharp image. The biggest knobs are
used for the coarse adjustment and
the smallest knobs for the fine adju-
stment.
Between the left large focusing
knob and the column is there also a
ring. With this ring it is possible to
adjust the friction when turning it. In
this way it can be adapted to diffe-
rent users’ wishes.
On the right side (between the right
large focusing knobs and the colu-
mn) is a stop ring with a small peg.
This is called the stage stop. With
this ring it is possible to settle the
upper limit of the stage movement
to protect the specimen from
touching and/or damaging the ob-
jectives. Furthermore, the stop ring
will make you able to focus more
quickly. The stage stop ring is loo-
sened by turning the ring towards
you/down, when you are sitting in
front of the microscope.
Mechanical stage:
The specimen is placed on the
mechanical stage by pulling back
the movable handle of the speci-
men holder. Gently release the
handle and the specimen is placed
securely. The mechanical stage can
then be moved in the X and Y-axis
with the coaxial mounted knobs
under the right side of the mechani-
cal stage.
PrimoX microscopes, binocular and trinocular VE111200_10
Vareno. 111200_10 Rev. 19.06.2007
Gundlach A/S Tel. [phone] [email protected]
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Condenser and iris diaphragm:
The condenser can be focused by
turning the condenser knob (left
side) up or down, until the best
picture is being obtained. At high
magnifications the position should
normally be at the top.
The condenser has a built-in iris
with an iris handle for adjustment.
Closing the iris diaphragm decrea-
ses the light but increases the con-
trast and depth of sharpness of the
image. Adjustment of the iris diap-
hragm might be necessary when
switching between objectives.
The swing-out lens is used when
the 4x objective is used. When
using the other objectives this lens
is simply swung out.
It is important that the condenser is
aligned with the light path to obtain
the best resolution and contrast.
Centring of the condenser:
– Use the 4x objective and focus
on a specimen.
– Place the condenser in the top
position.
– Reduce the diameter of the light
cone by turning the field dia-
phragm on top of the light hous-
ing. The light is now visible in the
eyepieces as a small round dot
in the field of view.
– Use the two clamp screws that
are mounted on the condenser
holder to centre the light cone in
the field of view. The two silver
coloured clamp screws are
mounted in a 45 degrees angle
compared with the other adjust-
ment knobs (for example the
focussing knobs).
– Turn on the field diaphragm on
top of the lamp housing until the
light cone follows the outer edge
of the field of view. It is opened
more and more until the light is
adequate.
– The condenser is now centred.
Field diaphragm:
The field diaphragm is placed on
top of the lamp housing, and can
be adjusted by turning it. At low
magnification it is normally open
and it is closed more and more
when the magnification increases.
The field diaphragm should never
be more open than the diaphragm
in the condenser.
Filters:
A blue filter can be placed in the fil-
ter holder just beneath the iris diap-
hragm. This can be an advantage
for example at greater magnificati-
ons, where it will give a more detai-
led image.
Bulb:
The bulb is placed in the lamp hou-
sing in the bottom of the main
microscope body. It is a 2-pin halo-
gen bulb 6 V / 20 Watt (Osram HLX
64250). The bulb must have the
correct Voltage and Wattage; othe-
rwise it might damage the micros-
cope’s electronic.
Fuse:
The fuse is mounted on the back
side of the main microscope body.
It can be found under the plastic
cover labelled “FUSE”.
Connecting the microscope to
mains
The microscope is developed for
the use with 220-240 V / 50-60 Hz.
General use of the microscope:
– Take out the main body and put
it on a plan and steady place.
– Hold on to the optical head, and
loosen the clamp screw on the
right side of the head. Turn the
optical head so that it faces the
correct way, and fasten it with
the clamp screw.
– Put the eyepieces into eyepiece
tubes.
– Put the mains cord in a socket
and turn on the microscope.
– Adjust the light intensity at mid
level with the brightness control
placed on the lover left side of
the microscope body. The inten-
sity of the light can be adjusted
to the desired level with this con-
trol slider.
– Place a specimen on its place on
the mechanical stage.
– Move the mechanical stage up
and down with the focusing
knobs to obtain a clear and
sharp image. The mechanical
stage can be moved on the Y-
axis and X-axis with coaxial
mounted control knobs.
– The part of the specimen that
you want to observe is placed in
the field of vision with these two
control knobs.
– It is necessary to adjust the eye-
piece tubes to fit the distance
between the eyes. This is done
by pulling or pushing the right
and left black eyepiece tubes.
The adjustment is finished, when
the image is comfortable and
shows a completely round
image. Notice the number on the
graduated scale on the front of
the optical head, and use this
number to make a quick adjust-
ment next time the microscope
is used.
– The microscope is then adjusted
to your sight to achieve a good
and sharp image. Look through
the right eyepiece with your right
eye. Use the fine focusing knob
to get a sharp image of the spe-
cimen. Then look with your left
eye through the left eyepiece
and adjust the sharpness with
the dioptre ring on the eyepiece
tube. The dioptre ring is the
PrimoX microscopes, binocular and trinocular VE111200_10
Vareno. 111200_10 Rev. 19.06.2007
Gundlach A/S Tel. [phone] [email protected]
Silkeborgvej 765 · DK-8220 Brabrand Fax [phone] www.gundlach.eu
SIDE 2 / 5

movable black ring on the left
eyepiece tube. The adjustment is
finished, when the image seen
with the left eye is sharp.
– Rotate the objective revolver so
that the preferred objective is
moved into the light path. The
objectives are parfocal. This
means that only a minor adjust-
ment in focus might be necessa-
ry, when changing magnification.
The contrast level can be increa-
sed by adjusting the iris diap-
hragm correctly. As a guideline
you can, after having a clear
image, take out the eyepiece
and look into the eyepiece hole,
and adjust the iris diaphragm to
be 2/3 of the field of view.
The 100x objective:
This is an oil immersion objective,
and it is used in the following
way:
– Use one of the low magnification
objectives (4x and 10x) to focus
on the specimen.
– Put a drop of immersion oil on
the illuminated part of the speci-
men.
– Move the 100x objective into the
optical path so that the front lens
has contact with the immersion
oil.
– Air bubbles in the immersion oil
can be avoided, by moving the
objective slightly from side to
side. This will make sure that the
immersion oil covers the entire
lens surface.
– Focus for a sharp image.
– Remember to clean the objective
thoroughly after use. For this
purpose you must always use
specialized optical cleaning
agent and lens cleaning paper. A
drop of xylol (xylene) on lens cle-
aning paper can be used if the
lens surface is particular dirty.
Make sure to wipe off all the xylol
with new pieces of unused lens
paper.
Changing the bulb:
– Pull out the plug from the mains
and let the microscope cool
down for some minutes.
– Carefully place the microscope
on the back.
– Loosen the small clamp screw
on the lamp housing and open it.
– Pull out the old bulb and replace
it with a new. It is a 2-pin halogen
bulb 6 V / 20 Watt (Osram HLX
64250).
– Warning: Please notice that the
old bulb can be very hot. Take
care of your fingers.
– It is important that the new bulb
is handled very carefully and is
not touched directly with the fin-
gers. Otherwise the glass surfa-
ce is damaged by the finger-
prints and the life of the bulb is
significantly reduced. Use a
clean cloth, plastic or a piece of
lens paper between the fingers
and the bulb when handling the
bulb.
– If necessary the position of the
bulb can be adjusted with the
big clamp screw.
– Close the lamp housing.
Maintenance:
– Put the microscope on a dry and
clean place.
– The objectives are manufactured
according to strict standards
and tested in the factory. Please
never try to disassemble them
yourself.
– The surface of the lenses must
never be touched with fingers or
hard things. If the glass surfaces
are dirty use a clean and previ-
ously unused piece of lens paper
to clean it.
– Remove dust from the glass sur-
face with a clean lens brush or
an air dust cleaner for optics.
– Always use a specialized optical
cleaning agent and wipe the
glass surface gently several
times. Each time with a fresh
piece of lens cleaning paper.
– Old residues of immersion oil
can most easily be removed by
adding a drop of solvent as for
instance xylol to the lens clea-
ning paper before wiping the
lens. Do not soak the surface
with solvent. Wipe instead sever-
al times with very little solvent,
each time using a new piece of
lens cleaning paper.
Caution:
Never turn the two focussing knobs
against each other. It will damage
them!
Turn off the microscope when it is
not used, and cover it with the en-
closed dust cover.
Let the microscope cool down for
some minutes with the lamp
switched off before moving it from
one place to another. This will mini-
mize the risk of bulb damage.
Accessories (not included)
Gundlach PrimoX microscopes are,
in the standard version, well suited
for most routine jobs. They can be
further adapted to more specialized
jobs by a range of accessories:
For both models:
– 16x eyepieces for magnifications
up to 1600x.
– 10x micrometer eyepiece and
object micrometer for measuring
the size of particles in a speci-
men.
– Phase contrast set for high con-
trast viewing of certain speci-
mens with a low contrast.
PrimoX microscopes, binocular and trinocular VE111200_10
Vareno. 111200_10 Rev. 19.06.2007
Gundlach A/S Tel. [phone] [email protected]
Silkeborgvej 765 · DK-8220 Brabrand Fax [phone] www.gundlach.eu
SIDE 3 / 5

– Polarisation set for viewing of
crystals and fibres.
– Universal photo adapter for
compact digital cameras (with
thread for tripod).
– Dark field condensers for view-
ing of bright organisms on a dark
background.
For trinocular model only:
– Video adapter for video cameras
with a C-mount or a C/S mount.
– Video cameras with C-mount or
a C/S mount.
Manual for accessories (not
included):
11.12.15 Polarisation set:
The polarisation set is of a simpel
type, and consist of two filters
(polarisator and analysator). Used
when fibres and crystals are
studied.
The small filter (analysator) is
mounted in the following way. Hold
on to the optical head and loosen
the clamp screw on the right side of
the optical head. Take of the optical
head and place it carefully on the
table. The small filter is carefully
placed in the hole. Make sure that it
is centred. The optical head is put
back on again. Use a pair of plastic
tweezers or similar to remove the
filter.
The large filter is placed on top of
the lamp, and can be turned.
Each filter aligns the light, and it
gives a dark background if the fil-
ters are turned opposite each other.
If crystals are placed under the
microscope, they will appear bright
and on a dark background.
The polarisation effect can be alte-
red by turning the large filter on the
lamp.
11.12.18 Darkfield condenser
N.A. 0.77-0.91 (dry):
The darkfield condenser is a speci-
al designed condenser where the
light is blocked away in the centre.
This means that the light cone is
hollow (or ring shaped). The light is
therefore send up in an angle
through the glass. It will not reach
the objectives if it only passes
through glass. The light will how-
ever refract when it hits an orga-
nism or similar, and then it will hit
the objectives. The end result is a
bright organism seen on a black
background.
The darkfield condenser is moun-
ted by first dismantling the stan-
dard condenser (loosen the small
silver clamp screw). Put the dark-
field condenser in the holder and
tighten the clamp screw again. The
centring of the darkfield condenser
can be checked by using the 4x
objective and lowering the conden-
ser. If the dark ring isn’t centred,
then it can be adjusted with two
clamp screws for the adjustment of
the condenser. Raise the conden-
ser again.
The “dry” version of the darkfield
condenser can be used with the
use of immersion oil. It can, how-
ever, only be used with the two
smallest objectives (4x and 10x).
The darkfield effect can be regu-
lated by raising and lowering the
height of the condenser, but nor-
mally the top position gives the
best effect. Shadows and reflexes
can be difficult to avoid, but fine
adjustments can be prevent many
of them.
11.12.19 Darkfield condenser
N.A. 1.25-1.44 (oil-immersion):
This darkfield condenser works in
principle as the previous, but with
the very important difference that
immersion oil must be used be-
tween the condenser and the slide.
When the darkfield condenser is
mounted a drop of immersion oil is
place on top of it. Raise the con-
denser until the drop of oil touches
the underside of the slide.
The “wet” version of the darkfield
condenser is used with the 20x and
40x objectives. It is necessary to
use a special objective with a built-
in iris diaphragm, if you want to use
a 100x objective. The iris dia-
phragm makes it possible to adjust
the objective to the available light.
But it must be expected that some
extra adjustments are needed,
when working with this objective.
11.12.21 Eyepiece adapter
This is used for placing an eyepiece
in the trinocular tube. It has a 23
mm hole that fits most eyepieces.
The eyepiece is placed in the hole
and the height of the silver tube is
adjusted to obtain a sharp image of
both the vertically mounted eyepie-
ce and the normal eyepieces. The
height adjustment is done by loose-
ning the silver ring (with grooves)
and then screwing the silver tube
up or down, until the image is
sharp. The silver ring is then tight-
ened.
The universal camera adapter
(11.03.85) can be mounted on the
eyepiece, and it is then possible to
use a standard pocket digital
camera (with a tripod mount). An
eyepiece with extra wide field
(EWF) such as 11.10.07 is recom-
mended, as well as a camera with
swingout screen.
11.12.25 CCD adapter 0.4x
med built-in relay-optic
An adapter that is used with a video
camera with a C or a CS-mount.
Mounted in the trinocular tube of
the microscope. The adapter is
equipped with a relay optic that
PrimoX microscopes, binocular and trinocular VE111200_10
Vareno. 111200_10 Rev. 19.06.2007
Gundlach A/S Tel. [phone] [email protected]
Silkeborgvej 765 · DK-8220 Brabrand Fax [phone] www.gundlach.eu
SIDE 4 / 5

reduces the magnification. This is
done to give an image size that is
almost similar to the field of view
when looking through the eyepie-
ces.
11.12.26 CCD adapter 1x
An adapter that is used with a video
camera with a C or a CS-mount.
Mounted in the trinocular tube of
the microscope. The adapter has
no built-in optics and field of view is
therefore smaller than that of the
0.4x CCD adapter. It is used with
the Moticam 1000 to avoid vignet-
ting (a round image).
11.08.80 Heating stage:
The heating stage can be mounted
in two ways; with double adhesive
tape or removable with clamp
screws. In both cases the stage clip
must be dismantled, which is done
be simply unscrewing the two sil-
ver-coloured vertically mounted
clamp screws. When using it with
the removable mounting, the two
clamp screws are used in two of
the holes. The two slide hol-
ders/clips must be turned a bit so
that they point in a v-shape. This
must be done to allow the objecti-
ves to swing freely without touching
them. It might be necessary to loo-
sen the two screws a bit, before
they can be moved.
Extra adjustment of the height
of the condenser:
When using the largest objectives
and the heating stage it can be
necessary to have the condenser
move higher than the factory set-
tings.
This is done by adjusting two small
screws. The first screw to be loose-
ned is positioned on the right side
of the (black) condenser holder. It is
a small silver-coloured screw with a
slotted screw and a diameter of 2.5
mm. It is then possible to loosen
the long thin stop screw (length
approximately 25 mm) that is
mounted vertically upside-down
(on the underside of the condenser
holder). This screw controls the
height of the condenser. When it is
adjusted a bit, it is now possible to
raise the condenser.
It must however be noted that the
condenser now is sticking up, and
this means that the lateral move-
ments of the heating stage is fixed.
It is therefore necessary to move
the slide with the fingers, ff it has to
be moved more than 5 mm from
side to side. The condenser can
also be lowered a bit to give extra
range for the lateral movement.
The use of the phase equipment is
described in its own manual.
PrimoX microscopes, binocular and trinocular VE111200_10
Vareno. 111200_10 Rev. 19.06.2007
Gundlach A/S Tel. [phone] [email protected]
Silkeborgvej 765 · DK-8220 Brabrand Fax [phone] www.gundlach.eu
SIDE 5 / 5