Hamamatsu Photonics C2400 User manual

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VIDEO CAMERA FOR MICROSCOPY
C2400
INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CONTENTS 1
Section 1. Introduction 1
Section 2. Features 2
2-1 Contrast Enhancement Circuit 2
2-2 Timing Control by Crystal Oscillation 2
2-3 Level Indicator 2
2-4 Tube Protection Circuit 2
2-5 White Clipper 2
2-6 Selection of Camera Heads 2
2-7 Shading Corrector 2
2-8 Video Booster 2
2-9 Video Inverter 2
2-10 External Sync 2
2-11 Operational Video Output 3
2-12 5m Camera Cable
Section 3. System Components 4
Section 4. Specifications 5
Section 5. Performance 6
Section 6. Installation 7
6-1 Unpacking 7
6-2 Installation Site 7
6-3 Installation of Camera Head 7
6-4 Cable Connection 8
Section 7. Location and Function of Controls 10
Section 8. Operation 13
8-1 Preliminary Adjustments 13
8-2 Adjustment of Video Level 13
8-3 Adjustment of Contrast Enhancement 14
8-4 Adjustment of Shading Corrector 14
8-5 Video Select 15
Section 9. Maintenance and Trouble Shooting 16
9-1 CCU Cleaning 16
9-2 Camera Faceplate Cleaning 16
9-3 Troubleshooting 17
Section 10. Option Installation Instructions 18
10-1 M2502 Shading Corrector 18
10-2 M2503 Video Booster 19
10-3 M2504 Video Inverter 24
10-4 M2505 External Sync 24
10-5 Operational Video Output 26
•

1. INTRODUCTION
The C2400 is a compact, 2-piece, high performance video camera system
designed specifically for microscopy and quantitative electronic imaging. The
system utilizes the very latest technology to achieve exceptionally high quality
images ideally suited for both analog and digital processing. The system is
composed of a lightweight camera head and separate camera control unit.
All system functions are conveniently controlled from the front panel of the
control unit.
Standard features include a contrast enhancement circuit allowing for the
visualization of detail undetectable visually or photographically, crystal os-
cillation timing control, input indicator LED's, multiple video outputs and
protection circuitry.
Optional features include a shading corrector circuit, a variable gamma cor-
rector, video polarity inverter, external synchronization and non-composite
video output. All options are contained on single PC board modules allowing
for upgradability and ease of installation. The camera head may be specified
with any of 10 different imaging tubes to ideally match the system with the
application at hand. Moreover, the camera control unit has been designed
to support any of the camera heads, thereby allowing for various heads to
be used with a single control unit.
1

2. FEATURES
2.1 Contrast
Enhancement
Circuit
2.2 Timing Control
by Crystal
Oscillation
2.3 Level Indicator
2.4 Tube Protection
Circuit
2.5 White Clipper
2.6 Selection of
Camera Heads
2.7 Shading
Corrector
(Option M2502)
2.8 Video Booster
(Option M2503)
2.9 Video Inverter
(Option M2504)
Acontrast enhancement circuit, providing for the independent amplifi-
cation of overall video gain and black level (offset), allows image contrast
to be dramatically increased over a very wide range. This feature makes
possible the visualization of structures undetectable visually or photo-
graphically.
All control signals, as well as deflection frequency, are controlled by
crystal oscillation. This results in very high precision in the scanning
and synchronization signals ensuring a consistently high quality image.
Avideo level indicator circuit accurately monitors input intensity to the
imaging tube by way of two LED's. This feature allows for the rapid
determination of the ideal illumination level required to produce the
highest quality image.
Aprotection circuit has been provided to prevent burn-in of the imaging
tube should the horizontal or vertical synchronization signals be lost.
This circuit clips the video signal when it exceeds 1.2 volts thereby
preventing the TV monitor from losing synchronization.
Ten tube types are available to ideally match camera characteristics to
awide variety of applications.
The shading correction circuit can correct shading in the image due to
uneven illumination in the optical path, as well as any shading introduced
by the imaging tube.
This feature enhances the contrast and, thereby, the detectability of detail
within dark regions of the image by modifying the output characteristics
of the camera.
The video inverter reverses the polarity of the video signal producing a
negative image. This feature is valuable in enhancing detectability in low
intensity portions of the image when used in conjunction with contrast
enhancement, as well as facilitating the interpretation of high contrast
images.
The External SYNC enables the synchronization of C2400 scanning
2.10 External SYNC with other equipment by supplying HD and VD signals to the C2400.
(Option M2505)
9

2.11 Operational
Video Output
2.12 5 m Camere
Cable (Option)
For applications in which a non-composite video signal is required, the
camera is easily configured to provide this. This operational video output
signal does not include a synchronizing signal and is therefore DC in
nature with the black level defined at 0 volts.
The standard camera cable is 3 meters in length. A 5 meter cable is
available for applications in which the camera must be more remotely
located from the CCU.
3

3. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Camera Head 1
Camera Control Unit 1
Camera Cable 3m 1
TV MONITOR Cable 3m (BNC-M) 1
GROUND Cable 3m 1
Spare Fuse (250 V 1 A) 1
Instruction Manual 1
)

4. SPECIFICATIONS
Electrical
Input Voltage
Power Consumption
Vertical Sweep Rate
Horizontal Sweep Rate
Lines per frame
Effective lines per frame
Interlace
Aspect Ratio
Synchronization Method
Video Output Signal
Sync Signal Output (HD, VD)
Mechanical
Camera Head, Dimensions
Weight
Camera Control Unit,
Dimensions
Weight
Lens Mount
Environmental
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Humidity
AC 100/117/220/240 ±10 % (50/60 Hz)
70 VA nominal
60 Hz, EIA RS-170
50 Hz, CCIR System B
15.750 KHz, EIA RS-170
15.625 KHz, CCIR System
525, EIA RS-170
625, CCIR System B
487, EIA RS-170
575, CCIR System B
-- 2:1
4:3 (H:V)
Internal via crystal oscillator
(Optional external sync available)
Two composite 1.0 Vp-p/75 0
(When equipped with Optional Ope Video, VIDEO
OUT 2 is utilized for non-composite video output)
Negative logic, 75 0 termination. Low less than
0.8 V, high more than 2.5 V.
(When equipped with optional EXTERNAL SYNC,
these terminals are utilized as input of external signal)
B
104(W) x 98(H) x 204(D)(255, -08) mm
2.3 (3.0, -08) Kg
232(W) x 74(H) x 308(D) mm
4Kg
1", C Mount
0-40° C
—10*-50° C
90 % or less, non-condensing
5

5. PERFORMANCE
Model Tube Avg. Resolution, Center Lag Gamma
-00 Visible Vidicon 800 20 0.65
-01 Chalnicon 700 20 0.95
-02 Silicon Vidicon 600 12 1.0
-03 IR Vidicon 600 60 0.6
-04 Leddicon 750 40.95
-04A Diode gun Plumbicon 750 40.95
-05 UV Chalnicon 700 20 0.95
-06 Saticon 700 30.95
-07 Newvicon 750 20 1.0
-08 SIT 500 71.0
typical
Geometric Stability
Geometric Distortion
Signal to Noise
Video Bandwidth
Contrast Gain
Sensitivity
Vidicon Spurious Signal
Less than 0.2 % (10-40° C)
Less than 1 % (2 % for -03, 3 % for -08)
Greater than 45 dB pp/RMS (Greater than 40 dB for
-03 and -08)
0-10 MHz or greater
1-10 times
1Vp-p Composite video output at 300 nA signal
current
Specification of tube used.

6. INSTALLATION
Carefully unpack the equipment, and see that all system components
6.1 Unpacking described in Section 3of this manual are secure and undamaged.
When installing the equipment, attention should be paid to the following
6.2 Installation Site points:
1. Do not use or locate the equipment near a strong electrostatic or
magnetic field.
2. Situate where temperature is in the range of 0-40° C.
3 The site chosen should be relatively free of temperature fluctuations.
4. Humidity should be maintained at less than 90 % (non-condensing).
5. Location site should be free of vibration.
6. The instrument should not be exposed to highly corrosive gas(es).
(Chlorine, fluorine, etc).
7. Keep location clean.
8. Avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
9. Allow adequate space around the CCU for efficient air exchange —
exhaust fan at rear of CCU and side vents.
Connection of the camera head to the optical imaging system is made
6.3 Installation of via a standard, 1" C-mount adaptor.
Camera Head Depending on the geometry of the camera head installation it may be
necessary to stabilize the camera via a camera stand, base plate, etc.
7

6.4 Cable
Connection
CAMERA HEAD
0CAMERA CABLE
CAMERA CONTROL UNIT
CAMERA VIDEO OUT
1HD
@@
2VD
@@
LINE
T
BNC
TV MONITOR CABLE
M
GROUND
CABLE
=
TV MONITOR
El 00
LINE
(t2C
POWER CABLE
LLINE

(1) Camera Cable
Insert the male connector of the camera cable into the female re-
ceptacle at the rear of the CCU and the female connector of the
cable to the camera head. Tighten the threaded rings around the
connector.
(2) Monitor Cable
Connect the BNC (small) end of the monitor cable to the VIDEO
OUT connector (1 or 2) at the rear of the CCU. Rotate the connector
aquarter-turn clockwise to ensure proper connection. Insert the
Mconnector end (large) of the monitor cable into the socket located
at the rear of the monitor and turn clockwise until secure. Be sure
to confirm that the 75 0 switch on the monitor is turned "ON".
(3) Power Cable
Confirm that the POWER switch at the front panel of the CCU is
turned " OFF", then connect an AC power source that will have a
capacity of more than 100 VA. An AC power source that has a third
grounding terminal is recommended. If unavailable,(i.e. utilizing
an AC power source with only two terminals) connect the ground
terminal of the CCU to the ground terminal(s) of other equipment
being used.

7. LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF CONTROLS
HAIMIAPAATSU C400
POWER
OGAIN
CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT
OFFSET
•.
••
VIDEO
LEVEL
SENSITIVITY OVER
VIDEO
SELECT
BOOST
SHADING HORIZONTAL
ON
••
•
0
•
•
0<
if."-tir
••• •
MIII MINI
•• • •
0
NORMAL
0
•VERTICAL
...-... •• • •
•
0
•• •
.---- •• • •
MIN MAX 0 NEtGA OFF
tt
0 V
fI
FRONT PANEL:
O
REAR PANEL:
CAMERA
VIDEO OUT
1HD LINE
1n

0Power Pilot LED
When lit, the LED indicates that power is supplied to the CCU.
0 POWER ON-OFF Switch
This is the main power switch of the CCU.
•GAIN (Contrast Enhancement)
This is the potentiometer to adjust the gain of the video signal
within a range of one to ten times.
Turn the GAIN clockwise and gain will be increased.
®OFFSET (Contrast Enhancement)
This is the potentiometer to adjust the offset level. Turn the OFFSET
counterclockwise and the black level will be redefined to a higher
value.
®SENSITIVITY
*Effective only with the C2400-00,-03 and -08 camera heads.
This control adjusts the sensitivity of the tube.
Turn this control clockwise and the sensitivity of the tube will be
increased.
CAUTION:
Excessive sesitivity values may cause permanent damage to
the imaging tube.
®VIDEO LEVEL
These LED indicators monitor light intensity to the camera. The
green lamp indicates an appropriate level of illumination while the
red lamp indicates excessive light intensity. In the case of the
C2400-00, -03, and -08, the SENSITIVITY potentiometer can be
used to adjust the light intensity.
C) VIDEO SELECT
This switch selects the video signal which is displayed on the TV
monitor.
The neutral (middle) position selects the normal image. The upper
and lower positions select the boosted and inverted image outputs
respectively when these options are installed.
0SHADING ON-OFF Switch
This switch enables or disables the shading correction. When the
M2502 SHADING CORRECTOR is installed, the ON position of
the switch implements the shading circuitry.
•SHADING Correction Potentiometers
These potentiometers are utilized to adjust the shading correction
values. Use the special screwdriver for adjustment.
•CAMERA
This terminal connects the CCU to the camera head.
C) VIDEO OUT 1
This terminal outputs a composite video signal.
©VIDEO OUT 2
This terminal outputs a composite video signal identical to VIDEO

OUT 1 unless the CCU is configured for Operational Video Output,
in which case, this terminal outputs operational video signals in-
stead of composite signals.
0HD
This terminal normally outputs HD (Horizontal Drive) signal. When
the M2505 EXTERNAL SYNC option is installed this terminal be-
comes an HD signal input.
0VD
This terminal normally outputs VD (Vertical Drive) signal. When
the M2505 EXTERNAL SYNC option is installed this terminal be-
comes a VD signal input.
6GND
This is the frame ground of the CCU. Utilize this terminal to provide
a"common" ground to other equipment being used.
CO LINE
This cable supplies power to the CCU.

8. OPERATION
(1) Confirm that all cables are properly connected. (Refer to Section
8.1 Preliminary 6for cable connection.)
Adjustments (2) Preset each control on the front panel as specified below:
(a) Turn the GAIN control knob fully counterclockwise.
(b) Turn the OFFSET control knob fully clockwise.
(c) Turn the SENSITIVITY control knob fully counterclockwise.
(d) Set the VIDEO SELECT switch to the neutral (middle) position.
(e) Set the SHADING switch to the OFF position.
Turn on the TV monitor and confirm that the POWER pilot lamp
is lit. Adjust the CONTRAST control and BRIGHTNESS control to
aposition in which the raster lines can be clearly observed. It will
take aproximately 20 to 30 seconds for raster to appear on the screen
after power is turned on.
Ensure that the light path to the camera head is blocked.
Turn on the CCU power switch and confirm that the green POWER
LED is lit on the front panel. If the display picture rolls, adjust the
H. HOLD control and/or the V. HOLD control of the TV monitor.
8.2 Adjustment
Video Level
(3)
(4)
(5)
The light intensity directed to the camera faceplate is critical. Too little
Of light will result in a poor quality image. Excessive light intensity will
likewise degrade image quality and if too high, can result in permanent
damage to the image tube.
NOTE:
The -00, -03 and -08 camera heads are particularly susceptible
to damage from excessive light intensity ',".
(1) Minimize image intensity
(2) Direct light to the camera head
(3) Slowly increase the image intensity until the green video level in-
dicator comes on. This point represents the minimum intensity
needed to produce a high quality image.
(4) Continue to carefully increase image intensity until the red LED just
begins to come on. This condition represents the optimal image
intensity.
*For -00, -03 Camera Heads
These imaging tubes employ a target with adjustable voltage. In-
creasing the voltage to the target (SENSITIVITY) results in increased
tube sensitivity. The highest quality image is obtained when the
SENSITIVITY control is turned to its minimum position (fully coun-
terclockwise). Increased target voltage results in a poorer S/N, re-
duced dynamic range and increased lag; therefore, the SENSITIVITY
control should be increased only when the imaging system cannot
supply enough illumination or it is intentionally desired to reduce
object illumination. In this case, increase the sensitivity until the upper
range of the green LED is reached.
VA

Adjustment of Video Level ** For -08 Camera Head
This imaging tube employs a intensifier with adjustable voltage.
Increasing this voltage increases the sensitivity accordingly. The best
quality image is obtained when the SENSITIVITY control is turned
to its minimum position. Increased voltage results in a poorer S/N,
therefore, the SENSITIVITY control should be increased only when
the imaging system cannot supply enough illumination or it is in-
tentionally desired to reduce object illumination. In this case, increase
the sensitivity until the upper range of the green LED is reached.
When observing a specimen with low contrast, image contrast can be
8.3 Adjustment of increased through the proper use of the GAIN and OFFSET controls.
Contrast
Enhancement
8.4 Adjustment of
Shading
Corrector
(OPTION)
(3)
(1) While watching the monitor screen, turn the GAIN control knob
clockwise until the intensity appears slightly more than suitable.
(2) Slowly turn the OFFSET control knob counterclockwise until the
image is displayed as desired.
Repeat adjustments of both (1) and (2) until the desired part of
the image is displayed most clearly.
Offset Level_Lf..... j.
Before enhancement
••••••••••0Th.
After enhancement
When the M2502 SHADING CORRECTOR is installed in the CCU,
shading introduced by the camera and the optical system can be cor-
rected. This feature allows for the most effective utilization of the contrast
enhancement function.
Adjustment is as follows:
(1) Adjust CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT to achieve maximum image
detail.
(2) Set the SHADING switch to the ON position.
(3) Correct the shading by adjusting the 4 potentiometers on the front
panel of the CCU with a small slotted screwdriver.
The functions of the potentiometers are as follows:
1. Horizontal Parabola n
Adjusting horizontal parabola decreases the difference in the in-
tensity between the center and the corners in the horizontal di-
rection. Turning the adjusting screw clockwise results in the hori-
zontal center becoming brighter. Turning the adjusting screw
counterclockwise results in the corners becoming brighter.
2. Horizontal Sawtooth
Adjusting horizontal sawtooth decreases the difference in the in-
tensity between the right and left sides of the image. Turning the
adjusting screw clockwise results in the left side of the image be-
coming brighter. Turning the adjusting screw counterclockwise
results in the right side of the image becoming brighter.
3. Vertical Parabola
Adjusting vertical parabola decreases the difference in intensity
between the center and the corners in the vertical direction. Turning
the adjusting screw clockwise results in the center becoming

Adjustment of Shading
Corrector (OPTION)
brighter. Turning the adjusting screw counterclockwise results in
the corners becoming brighter.
4. Vertical Sawtooth i',.
Adjusting vertical sawtooth decreases the difference in intensity
between the top and bottom of the image. Turning the adjusting
screw clockwise results in the top of the image becoming brighter.
Turning the adjusting screw counterclockwise results in the bottom
of the image becoming brighter.
When the M2503 VIDEO BOOSTER or the M2504 VIDEO INVERTER
8.5 Video Select is installed, this switch allows for the selection of the desired video display
mode. The three positions of the VIDEO SELECT switch are NEUTRAL,
BOOST and NEGA.
1. Neutral
In this position (middle), a normal, positive video signal is
output/displayed.
2. BOOST
In this position (upper), the output characteristics of the camera
are modified to enhance the visualization of detail in dark portions
of the image. The conversion characteristic(Y) is preset to 0.5 al-
though this value is continuously adjustable from 0.3 to 1.0 (See
Section 10-2 for Y characteristic adjustment).
The basic principle of the conversion is as follows:
'I -* 0.5 (Boost Image)
.i.
OUTPUT INTENSITY Y=1 (Normal Image)
INPUT INTENSITY
Example
Normal Image
,:j—Liv..
Boost Image
3. INVERTER
In this position (lower), the output video signal is inverted with
regard to input intensity as indicated below.
Inversion

9. MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
Cleaning the inside of the ccu is not normally required. However, should
9.1 CCU Cleaning the CCU be exposed to abnormally dusty conditions, clean the inside
of the CCU periodically, as follows:
1. Unplug the power supply cable of the CCU.
2. Loosen the 4 screws on the sides of the CCU and take off the CCU
cover.
3. Blow away the dust using an air gun or gently brush with a soft
cleaning brush. Take care not to damage electrical parts.
4. Install the cover ensuring that the air vents are located on the left.
9.2 Camera
Faceplate
Cleaning
The camera faceplate is carefully cleaned at the time of shipment.
However, dust may be deposited on the faceplate during installation
of the camera to the imaging system. To ensure the highest quality image,
evaluate the entire imaging system for the presence of dust or dirt. Identify
the location of any contaminate using the following scheme and remove,
if possible.
When the object is defocused, the dust
is also defocused.
NO
When the TV camara head is rotated at
the junction of the optical path and the
TV camera head, the dust is rotated.
NO 1
The camera faceplate is dirty.
The object is
YES dirty.
The optical
YES path is dirty.
Procedure:
1. Attempt to remove the dust or dirt with an air gun or optical cleaning
brush.
2. If dirt or dust is still present, gently clean the faceplate with a cotton
stick or lens paper dipped in ethyl alcohol working from the center
to the periphery in a circular fashion.
3. Wipe the faceplate more time carefully with lens paper lightly
moistened with ethyl alcohol. Check for dust or dirt. If the surface
is not absolutely clean repeat the procedure.
4. Confirm that faceplate is clean by attaching the camera to the optical
system and check utilizing a uniform image.

9.3 C2400
TROUBLESHOOTING
CHART
No image on the TV monitor Are the pilot lamps of the CCU and TV monitor on?
Are the video Out of the CCU and the video In of the TV
monitor properly connected?
Are the CCU and the TV camera head properly connected?
Is the OFFSET potentiometer on the front panel turned fully
clockwise?
Is the GAIN potentiometer on the front panel turned fully
counterclockwise?
Is there an optical path between the object and the TV
camera head?
Is the green indicator LED on the front panel of the CCU
on?
Image on the TV monitor is not clear. Is the green indicator LED on the front panel of the CCU
on?
Are the CONTRAST and BRIGHTNESS on the TV monitor
adjusted correctly?
Is the object in focus?
Is the resolution of the optical path (microscopy) satis-
factory?
Is the optical aberration satisfactory?
Is the camera facaplate surface clean?
Noisy image Is the green indicator LED on the front panel of the CCU
on?
Is the 75 0 termination of the TV monitor on?
Is the system properly grounded?
Are the optical path and the TV camera head connected
correctly? (Electrical connection is required.)
Are there sourses of electrical noise in the vicinity of the
system?
Distorted image Are there any sources of magnetic field around the TV
camera head and the TV monitor?
Is the optical imaging system properly aligned?
Are the H. HOLD and V. HOLD of the TV monitor adjusted
correctly?
Shaded image Are the potentiometers of the shading corrector adjusted
correctly?
Is the shading of the optical path satisfactory?
17