Hanna Instruments HI 93703 User manual

1
Instruction Manual
HI 93703
Portable Microprocessor
Turbidity Meter
www.hannainst.com

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PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION .............................................. 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION...................................................... 3
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ................................................. 5
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................ 6
SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................... 7
OPERATIONAL GUIDE ......................................................... 8
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE ............................................... 8
HOW TO ENSURE ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS .................... 11
SOURCES OF INTERFERENCES ............................................ 12
CALIBRATION .................................................................. 13
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE ................................................. 13
HOW TO ENSURE ACCURATE CALIBRATION .......................... 17
STANDARD SUSPENSION................................................... 18
VIEWING THE CALIBRATION DATE ....................................... 18
BATTERY REPLACEMENT ................................................... 19
LCD AND ERROR MESSAGES ............................................. 21
ACCESSORIES ................................................................. 23
WARRANTY ..................................................................... 23
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the instrument.
This manual will provide you with the necessary information for
correct use of the instrument, as well as a precise idea of it’s versatility.
If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail
us at [email protected] or view our worldwide contact list at
www.hannainst.com.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

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WithHI93703turbidity measurements canbe performedwithhigh
precision in the field as well as in the laboratory.
HI 93703 turbidity meter is a portable, microprocessor-based
instrumentusedtodeterminetheturbidityofwaterandwastewater.
The meter covers a 0 to 1000 FTU range in two scales: 0.00 to
50.00 FTU and 50 to 1000 FTU. The auto-ranging feature sets the
appropriate range for the measurement.
HI 93703 has been designed according to the ISO7027
International Standard, consequently the turbidity unit is
the FTU (Formazine Turbidity Unit). FTU is equivalent to
the other internationally recognized unit: NTU
(Nephelometric Turbidity Unit).
Remove the instrument from the packing material and examine it
tomake sure that no damage has occurred during shipping. Ifthere
is any damage, notify your dealer or the nearest Hanna Costumer
Service Center.
HI 93703 is supplied complete with:
• Glass cuvette with cap
• Batteries (4 x 1.5V AA) and instructions
HI 93703C is a complete kit supplied with:
• 2 glass cuvettes with caps
• Batteries (4 x 1.5V AA) and instructions
•HI 93703-0, HI 93703-10 and HI 93703-05 calibration
standards
• Tissue for wiping cuvettes
• Rugged carrying case
Note: Save all packing material until you are sure that the
meter functions correctly. All defective items must be
returned in its original packaging with the supplied
accessories.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

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* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
The meter housing is a rugged and lightweight case, with an
easy-to-read LCD.
To save battery-life, the instrument is equipped with an automatic
shut-off feature which is activated after 4 minutes of non-use.
Themeterisverysimpletouse:alloperationscanbecarriedoutwith
onlyfour keys andtroubleshootingfunctionscan be performedwith
displayed error code guides.
An exclusive positive-locking system guarantees that the cuvette is
firmly placed in the cell. The keypad is water-resistant and can be
wiped with a moist cloth for quick cleanups.
The one-point calibration at 10 FTU* can be easily performed
using the available standard. In addition, HI 93703 is the first
portable turbidity meter that allows to store the last calibration
date and to retrieve it at the user’s convenience.
HANNA instruments has chosen 10 FTU * as the calibration
point because it is the value that best fits the water turbidity
measurementsindifferentapplications,fromdrinkingwater
to wastewater treatment.
HANNA instruments uses the primary standard AMCO-AEPA-1 to
avoid all formazine-related problems. Formazine is a very toxic,
unstable substance, which requires particular care: its standards
have to be prepared only a few minutes before performing the
calibration,andcannotbereused because of their short life. Hanna
Instrumentsstandardsare extremelystable,canbereused,andlast
up to six months, if free from contamination.
HI 93703 can be used with both standards.

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* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
HI 93703 has been designed to perform measurements according
to the ISO 7027 International Standard.
The instrument functions by passing a beam of infrared light
through a vial containing the sample being measured.
The light source is a High Emission Infrared LED with a wavelength
peaking at 890 nm, ensuring that the interference caused by
colored samples is minimum.
A sensor, positioned at 90° with respect to the direction of light,
detects the amount of light scattered by the undissolved particles
present in the sample. The microprocessor converts such readings
into FTU* values.
As noted above, FTU unit is equal to the NTU unit. However, there
are other known measurement units for turbidity: Jackson Turbidity
Unit (JTU) based on the old method of Jackson's candle, and Silica
Unit (mg/L of SiO2). For your reference the conversion table
between these measurement units is shown below:
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
JTU FTU/NTU SiO2 (mg/L)
JTU 1 19 2.5
FTU/NTU 0.053 1 0.13
SiO2 (mg/L) 0.4 7.5 1

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1) Measurement cell
2) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
3) ON/OFF key
4) CAL key, to enter the calibration mode
5) READ/key,toperformmeasurementsandtosetthedate
(day and month) of the last calibration
6) DATE/key, to display the last calibration date and to
select either the month or the day of last calibration
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

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* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
SPECIFICATIONS
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Topreparetheinstrumentfortakingmeasurements,firstinstallthe
batteries (see Battery Replacement section on page 17) and then
turn the instrument on.
To maximize the battery life the meter is automatically switched
off after 5 minutes of non-use. To reactivate it, simply press the
ON/OFF key.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
• Turn the meter on by pressing the
ON/OFF key.
• The meter will carry out a self-test
displaying a full set of figures.
Afterthetest,the LCDwillchange
to the measurement mode.
• When the LCD displays “----”
the meter is ready to measure.
• Fill a clean cuvette up to one
quarter inch (0.5 cm) from
its rim with the thoroughly
agitated sample.
• Allow sufficient time for bubbles to escape before securing the
cap.
OPERATIONAL GUIDE

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• Wipethecuvettethoroughlywith
a lint-free tissue (HI 93703-70)
before inserting into the
measurement cell. The cuvette
must be completely free of
fingerprints and other oil or
dirt, particularly in the area
where the light goes through
(approximately the bottom
2 cm/1 inch of the cuvette).
• Place the cuvette into the cell
andcheckthatthenotchon the
cap is positioned securely into
the groove.
• The mark on the cuvette cap
should point towards the LCD.
• Press the READ/key and
the LCD will display a blinking
“SIP” (Sampling in Process).
The turbidity value will appear
afterapproximately25seconds.

10
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
• Even though HI 93703 covers a very wide range of turbidity
values, for very accurate measurements of samples exceeding
40 FTU*, Standard Methods require dilution. In such cases,
the correct amount of HI 93703-0 or turbidity-free water to
be added to the sample can be calculated as follows:
Vos = 3000 / T
where: Vos= volume of sample (mL) to be combined with
HI93703-0 toobtainthe final volumeof100 mL.
T=HI 93703 reading (exceeding 40 FTU*)
E.g.: HI 93703 reading = 200 FTU *
3000 / 200 = 15 mL (Vos)
15 mL (Vos)+85 mL (HI 93703-0) = 100 mL
At this point, take a sample of this solution and measure turbidity.
The correct turbidity value of the original sample will be:
Tnx 100 mL / Vos = Ta
where: Tn= new HI 93703 reading
Ta= actual turbidity value of the original sample
E.g. If Tn= 27 FTU *
Ta= 27 FTU *x100 mL / 15 mL = 180 FTU *

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HOW TO ENSURE ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS
• Each time the cuvette is used, tighten the cap to the same
degree.
• Discard the sample soon after the reading is taken to avoid
permanently clouding the glass.
• All glassware used to contain the standards and the samples
should be maintained clean, washed with HI 93703-50
cleaning solution and rinsed with HI 93703-0 or turbidity-free
water.
• Collect the samples in clean glass or plastic bottles, fit stoppers
and perform the analysis quickly. If unavoidable, store the
sample in a cool, dark place, but not for longer than 24 hours
(the sample needs to be kept at room temperature prior to the
analysis).
• To obtain a representative sample, gently, but thoroughly, mix
it before samples are taken. Do not shake (to prevent air
bubbles) and do not let the sample settle.
• It is recommended to monthly calibrate the meter with the
suppliedHI 93703-10 @10 FTU* standard or more frequently
for greatest accuracy.
• Before inserting vials into the
instrument, wipe them with
HI 93703-70 soft, lint-free
tissue. Handle vials so that no
fingerprints can get on the
areas where light passes
(approximately 2 cm/1 inch
from the bottom of the vial).
If you experience any problems in taking measurements, please
contact your dealer or the nearest Hanna Instruments Customer
Service Department.
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU

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SOURCES OF INTERFERENCE
• Presence of floating debris and coarse sediments which settle
out rapidly will give false readings.
• The infrared light source used for HI 93703 turbidity meter,
according to ISO 7027 International Standard, can effectively
minimize errors due to colored dissolved substances. This
effect,named“true color“,isacommon interference for most
commerciallyavailableinstruments operating in the range of
visible light.
• Air bubbles and the effect of vibrations that disturb the surface
of the sample will give false results.
• Dirty glassware could also affect readings along with scratched
or edged vials.

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CALIBRATION
A monthly calibration is recommended. To check the date of last
calibration, simply hold the DATE/key down for few seconds.
A more frequent check of the instrument is suggested by using the
supplied standard solution.
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
• Turn the meter on and wait for
the display to show “----“.
• Press the CAL key once, the
“CAL“ message will blink on
the display for about 5 seconds.
• After the 5 seconds interval the
current date is displayed for a
few seconds.
• Press the CAL key or wait a few
seconds to skip the date settings
and enter calibration.
• Press DATE/key to set the
date. Year info start blinking.
• Press READ/key to change
the year value.
• Press DATE/key and the
month value will blink.

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• Press READ/key to change
the month value.
• Press DATE/key and the
day info will blink.
• Press READ/key to set the
date value.
• Press DATE/key and time
is displayed with hour item
blinking.
• Press READ/key to change
the hour value.
• Press DATE/key and the
minute info will blink.
• Press READ/key to change
the minutes.
• Press DATE/key and the
meter will ask for the first
calibration value.

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••
••
• Take the HI 93703-0 bottle
containing the ZERO FTU*
Standard (or turbidity-free
dilution water) and fill the
measurement cuvette.
Note:In order to minimizeany error introduced by the cuvette,
it is recommended to use, during calibration, the same cuvette
you are going to use to perform the measurement.
••
••
• Insert the cuvette with the
HI 93703-0 @ ZERO FTU*
standard solution (or turbidity-
free dilution water) into the
measurement cell and press the
CAL key. A blinking “SIP“
message indicates that the
instrument is performing the
measurement.Afterapproximately
50 seconds the instrument will
ask for the HI 93703-10
standard solution @10 FTU*
by displaying “10.0“.
••
••
• Repeatthe same procedure with
HI 93703-10 @10 FTU*
standard solution.
••
••
• Insert the cuvette with the
HI 93703-10 AMCO-AEPA-1
standard @10 FTU* into the
measurement cell and press the
CAL key again.

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••
••
• After thesecond calibrationpoint
(10.00FTU*)hasbeenaccepted,
the meter will display “500”,
asking for the 500 FTU* solution
tobeplaced inthe cuvetteholder.
Note::::: At this point the user can exit the calibration mode and save
the two-point calibration by pressing READ/.
To perform a three-point calibration, place the 500 FTU* standard
solution in the cuvette holder.
••
••
• Press CAL: “SIP” and “CL” will
start blinking.
••
••
• Afterapproximately 30 seconds,
the display will show “----“.
Now the meter is calibrated and
ready for use.
Notes:
••
••
• If “ERR1“ is displayed, the calibration data are maintained.
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
••
••
• Press ON/ OFF key to exit calibration in any moment.
The display will show “----’ and meter enter measurement
mode.

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HOW TO ENSURE ACCURATE CALIBRATION
The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during
testing and during calibration:
••
••
• All glassware that comes into contact with standards should be
maintained clean. Wash with HI 93703-50 cleaning solution
and rinse with HI 93703-0 or turbidity free water.
••
••
• Rinse the vial twice with 5 ml of the liquid to be tested. This
removestheeffectofanyprevious liquidand anydustorforeign
matter that may be present inside. Gently pour the liquid down
the side of the vial to reduce air bubbles (no mixing is required
whenHI93703-0andHI93703-10 AMCO-AEPA-1standards
are used).
••
••
• Before inserting the vial into
the instrument, wipe it with
HI 93703-70 soft, lint-free
tissue. Handle vials so that no
fingerprints can get on the
areas where light passes
(approx. 2cm/1'' from the
bottom of the vial).

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STANDARD SUSPENSION
Presently, there are only two recognized primary standards:
AMCO-AEPA-1 and formazine.
HANNA instruments supplies HI 93703 with the AMCO-AEPA-1
which has a much longer shelf life at all concentrations (approxi-
mately six months, if free from contamination). In addition, no
special handling or disposal is required and a much higher stability
of suspended particles has been observed.
On the other hand, formazine is a very toxic substance, generated
by a known carcinogen, its stability is poor (particles flocculate and
settle quickly). Lower concentrations change value within a few
days or hours after dilution from stock solutions.
The consistency of HI 93703 readings by using both standards has
been separately established by Advanced Polymer Systems and
HANNA instruments.
Additional documentation about the formazine standard and more
complex calibration procedures is available upon request.
VIEWING THE CALIBRATION DATE
••
••
• Turn the meter on and wait for
the display to show “----“.
••
••
• Press and hold the DATE/
key and a “MM.DD“ message
appears for few seconds
followed by the time.

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All components have been selected to minimize current drain
without compromising functionality.
In order to minimize the battery consumption, the meter is
equipped with an auto-off function which switches the meter off
after 5 minutes of non-use.
The power source are 4 alkaline batteries (1.5V AA) with an
expected life of 60 hours, or 900 measurements.
To always grant accurate measurements, the batteries are monitored
to ensure that readings are not taken when there is insufficient
power.
A “LO BAT“ indication will appear on the lower right corner of the
display when the batteries are weak and require replacement. The
instrument can still perform approx. 50 measurements.
A “-BA-“ indication will appear on the display when the batteries
are too weak to perform reliable measurements. The message
appears for a few seconds, and then the meter will automatically
switch off. Batteries must be immediately replaced.
BATTERY REPLACEMENT

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Battery replacement must only take place in a safe area and using
the battery types specified in this instruction manual.
To install or replace the batteries, turn
the unit off and unscrew the 2 screws
located on the back of the meter.
Remove the battery cover and insert
the new batteries in the compartment
while paying attention to the polarity.
Afterthebatterieshavebeeninstalled,
closethe battery cover and tighten the
2 screws.