Hellermann Tyton ACADEMY TCTRP Instruction Manual
Johannesburg
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Durban
(031) 569-9900
Cape Town
(021) 594-7100
Port Elizabeth
(041) 408-2400
i
Compliance Test Kits
Model T419 | T89
All the above testers featured in a single
lightweight compliance combination tester
• Continuity(LowOHM)
• Insulation(50/100/250/500/1000V)
• Loopimpedance
• Earthresistance(resistivity)
• ELCB(sensitivity&time)
• RS232InterfaceorUSB
• Frequency/Voltage
• PhaseRotation
• 350MemoryLocations
Description
TCTRP
Analogue
Kit
TCTDT
Digital
Kit
TCTCDK
Digital
Kit
DMM TBM811 - -
ClampMeter -TBM3030 TBM3030
InsulationTester T1800 T1851 T1151
EarthResistance T1805 T1820 T1120
LoopTester T1825 T1825 T1125
ELCBTester TEL1TLB TEL1TLB TEL1TLB
PhaseRotation T860 T887 T890
Foam TCTRPFM TCTDTFM
TCTCDKFM
Case TCTCS TCTCS TCTCS
Compliance Testers
Compliance Combination Tester
HellermannTyton South Africa
2014
Refertopages19-24forTechnicalSpecifications
II
A. CONTINUITYOFALLBONDINGCONDUCTORS 3
B. RESISTANCEOFEARTHCONTINUITYCONDUCTORS 3
C. CONTINUITYOFRINGCIRCUIT 5
D. CONTINUITYOFRINGCIRCUIT(TEST) 5
E.
F. 7/8
G.
H.
I. EARTHRESISTANCEMEASUREMENT 13
}
LOOPIMPEDANCETESTSONVARIOUSINSTALLATIONS
Figures
MODEL
TBM805 DIGITALMULTIMETER 19
TBM251 DIGITALMULTIMETER 19
TBM811 DIGITALMULTIMETER 19
TBM3030 CLAMPMETER400AAC(DIGITAL) 19
T2600 OPENJAWCLAMPMETER 20
T98 1000AACCLAMPMETER 20
TBM195 2000AAC/DCCATIVCLAMPMETER 20
T500T 600AACCLAMPMETER 20
T1132 1000VANALOGUETESTER 21
T1151 1000VDIGITALINSULATIONTESTER 21
TIN6A INSULATIONTESTER 21
T1125 LPP/PSC/LOADTESTER 21
T1105 ANALOGUETESTER 22
T2000 TESTER 22
T416 EARTHRESISTANCE&RESISTIVITY 22
T89 COMPLIANCE/POWERANALYSER 22
T4137 MILLIOHMMETER 23
T855 3PHASESAFETYTESTER(NonContact) 23
T860 PHASEROTATION/MOTORROTATIONTESTER 23
TEL1TLB ELCB/SOCKETTESTER 23
MACROG3 TESTER 24
TEL28 ELCBTESTER(INDUSTRIAL) 24
TEL11 ELCBTESTER(INDUSTRIAL) 24
WIBRE100 VOLTAGETESTER 24
Instruments
1. WHATISANELECTRICALINSTALLATION? 1
2. WHOISRESPONSIBLE? 1
3. HOWCANALAYMANKNOWIFTHEINSTALLATIONISSAFE? 1
4. WHERETOOBTAINACERTIFICATEOFCOMPLIANCE? 1
5. WHATMUSTBEDONEBEFOREISSUINGACERTIFICATEOFCOMPLIANCE? 1
6. WHATELECTRICALTESTMUSTBECARRIEDOUT? 1
Tests to be done
7. CONTINUITYOFALLBONDINGCONDUCTORS 1/2
8. RESISTANCEOFEARTHCONTINUITYCONDUCTOR 2
9. CONTINUITYOFRINGCIRCUIT(IFAPPLICABLE) 4
10. ISOLOCKTESTER 5
11. EARTHLOOPIMPEDANCETEST:MAINSWITCH 4/6
12. ELEVATEDVOLTAGEONNEUTRAL 10
13. EARTHELECTRODERESISTANCE(IFREQUIRED) 10
14. INSULATIONRESISTANCE 14
15. VOLTAGE(MAINDB)NOLOAD 14
16. VOLTAGE(MAINDB)ONLOAD 14
17. VOLTAGEATAVAILABLELOAD(WORSTCONDITION) 14
18. OPERATIONOFEARTHLEAKAGEUNITS 15
19. OPERATIONOFEARTHLEAKAGETESTBUTTON 15
20. POLARITYOFPOINTSOFCONSUMPTION 15
21. ALLSWITCHINGDEVICES,MAKE&BREAKCIRCUITS 17
Tables
TABLENO
1. EARTHCONTINUITYMAXIMUMRESISTANCE(TABLE8.1PG276OFSANS1042-1:2003) 2
2. CHECKTESTSHEETFROMSANS10142-PG285-286(o) 18
Addendums
A. LISTOFRESISTANCEVALUESFOREARTHCONTINUITYCONDUCTORS 4
B. FRONTPAGEOFCOL(PG281-282OFSANS10142) 9
C. PROSPECTIVESHORTCIRCUITCURRENTCALCULATIONS(PG271dOFSANS10142-1) 11
D. ANNEXUREK(PG324eOFSANS10142) 16
Index
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1
QUESTION 1: WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION?
ANSWER: The regulations published under notice R2920 in the Government Gazette
23rd October 1992, as amended in the new EIR 2009, say that an electrical
installationiswhereanymachineryisusedforthetransmissionofelectricityfroma
pointofcontroltoapointofconsumptiononanypremises.Vehicle,telecommunication,
andcertainotherequipmentincludingthatofthesupplyauthorityisexcludedfrom
thedefinition.
QUESTION 2: WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SAFETY, SAFE USE AND MAINTENANCE OF AN INSTALLATION?
ANSWER: ThesesameregulationsstateclearlythattheUSER/LESSOR/LESSEEisresponsiblefor
theinstallation.Reg2(1)(2)(3).EIR2009.
QUESTION 3: HOW CAN A LAYMAN KNOW IF THE INSTALLATION IS SAFE?
ANSWER: By ensuring that the installation is covered by a valid certificate of compliance /
test report . The law requires that the USER must possess a valid certificate of
compliancefortheinstallationbeingused.
QUESTION 4: WHERE CAN A CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE BE OBTAINED?
ANSWER: Acertificateofcompliance/testreportcanbeobtainedfromaREGISTEREDPERSON,
whohasbeenregisteredbytheChiefInspectoroftheDepartmentofLabourinterms
oftheregulations(asanelectricalcontractor).
QUESTION 5: WHAT MUST THE REGISTERED PERSON DO BEFORE ISSUING A CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLIANCE TEST REPORT?
ANSWER: The law requires that a visual inspection covering no less than 15 aspects of the
installationmustbecarriedoutaswellasaseriesof16electricaltests.Thedetailsare
shownonpage18atthebackofthebooklet.
QUESTION 6: WHAT ELECTRICAL TESTS MUST BE CARRIED OUT?
ANSWER: Thetestsrequiredare:(seepage18)
1) Continuityofbonding
2) Resistanceofearthcontinuityconductor
3) Continuityofringcircuits(ifapplicable)
4) Earthloopimpedancetest:atmainswitch
5) Prospectiveshort-circuitcurrentatpointofcontrol(PSCC)forsub-distributionboards
6) Elevatedvoltagebetweenincomingneutralandexternalearth(ground)
7) Earthresistanceatelectrode(ifrequired)
8) Insulationresistance
9) Voltageatmaindistributionboardwithnoloadforeachphasetoneutral
10)Voltageatmaindistributionboardwithload(ascalculatedforfullload)foreach
phasetoneutral
11)Voltage at available load (worst condition as calculated for full load) for each
phasetoneutral
12)Operationofearthleakageunits
13)Operationofearthleakagetestbutton
14)Polarityofpointsofconsumption
15)Phaserotationatpointsofconsumptionforthree-phasesystems
16)Allswitchingdevices,make-and-breakcircuits
QUESTION 7a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST CONTINUITY OF ALL BONDING
CONDUCTORS?
ANSWER: Anyinsulationtestersimilarto:
a) ToptronicMacroG3
b) ToptronicT1151
c) T89
QUESTION 7b: HOW IS THE TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) SettheinstrumenttobeusedonRESISTANCE.(ohms).
b) Short the instrument test leads together (including any extension leads) and
makeanoteofthereadingontheinstrument.
c) Totest,connectonetestleadtotheearthbarinthedistributionpanelandthe
othertestlead tothetestpoint (eachgeyser,gutter,aerialand otherexposed
conductivepartsoftheinstallation)andmakeanoteofthisreading
(seefig.A-Pg3).
d) Subtractpreviousreading(b)fromthisreading(c)togettherequiredreading.
e) Thisreadingshallnotexceed0.2Ω.(seenoteontable8.1onpage276ofcode
ofpractice).SANS10142
f) Allpointsmustbetested.
QUESTION8a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE RESISTANCE OF THE EARTH
CONTINUITY CONDUCTORS?
ANSWER: Onlyuseinsulationresistancetesters:
a) ToptronicT1132
b) ToptronicMacroG3
c) ToptronicT1832
d) ToptronicT1151
e) T89
2
1 2
Ratedcurrentof
protectivedevice
A
Maximumresistanceof
earthcontinuitypath TypeofInstrument
6.3
10
16
1.7
1.1
0.70 T1132
T1800
T1832
T1151
T89
T53
T418
T419
MacroG3
20
25
32
0.55
0.53
0.41
40
50
63
0.33
0.26
0.24
80
100
125
0.19
0.14
0.12
160
200
250
315
0.096
0.077
0.062
0.049
T4137
NOTE-inthecaseofmetallicroofs,gutters,downpipesandwastepipes
(See6.13.2.4).Theresistanceoftheearthcontinuitypathshallnotexceed0,2Ω
Table 1 - Maximum Resistance Of Earth Continuity Conductor
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Earth
3
Test Lead
Insulation Tester
Fig A - Continuity of all Bonding Conductors
Fig B - Resistance of Earth Continuity Conductors
Earth
Insulation Tester
Test Lead
Geyser
Test Lead
Gutter
4
QUESTION 8b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) SettheinstrumenttobeusedonRESISTANCE(ohms).
b) Short the instrument test leads together (including any extension leads) and
makeanoteofthereadingontheinstrument.
c) Totest,connectonetestleadtotheearthbarinthedistributionpanelandthe
other test lead to the test point (each switch, socket outlet or other point of
consumption)andmakeanoteofthisreading(seeFig.B–Pg3).
d) Subtractpreviousreading(b)fromthisreading(c)togettherequiredreading.
e) Compare this reading (d) with the maximum value given in table 1 above
(table8.1onpage276ofcodeofpractice).SANS10142
f) Areadinglowerthanthelistedvalueisacceptable.
g) Allpointsmustbetested.
h) Theworstreadingcanthenberecordedforeachofthefollowing:
lights,sockets,stove,geyser,etc.orallvaluesmeasuredcanbewrittendownas
illustratedinaddendumAbelow.
QUESTION 9a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE CONTINUITY OF THE RING CIRCUIT?
ANSWER: Anymeterwithcontinuity(buzzer)functionsimilarto:
a) ToptronicTBM805
b) ToptronicT1151
c) ToptronicTBM811
d) ToptronicMacroG3
QUESTION 9b: HOW IS THE TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Setthemetertothecontinuityfunction(noreadingrequired).
b) Disconnectbothendsoftheringfromthecircuitbreaker.(referFig.C&D-Pg5).
Asthisisanexampleonlythephaseconductorisshown).
c) Connectthetestleadsofthemetertothedisconnectedendsoftheringcircuit.
(referFig.D)
d) Ifthereiscontinuitythebuzzerwillsound.
e) Recordthefollowingontothecertificate:CorrectorN/A.
f) Re-connectbothendsoftheconductorstothesameterminal.Phasestogether
andneutralstogether,etc.(referFig.D1)
QUESTION 10a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST EARTH FAULT LOOP IMPEDANCE
(Main switch)?
ANSWER: Adigitalearthlooptesterlike:
a) ToptronicT1125(withelectronicload).
Lights10A(1.1Ω):
0.9
0.85
1.01
0.75
Sockets20A(0.55Ω):
0.34
0.50
0.41
0.34
Geyser40A(0.33Ω): 0.21
0.25
ADDENDUM A
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TIMT Line Insulation Monitor Tester
5
FEATURES
•TestingofITSupplySystemsderivedfromhighimpedancetransformers.
•Testbetweenearthreferenceandphasewithoutputconnectionsforamultimeter.
•TestInsulationmonitoringalarmbyadjustingthepotentiometertoverifytheaudioandvisualindication.
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
A)Multimetervoltagetest:
SocketOutletVoltageTest1:Testbetween“EarthReference“andLine1(Blue)Reading±115Volts.
SocketOutletVoltageTest2:Testbetween“EarthReference“andLine2(Red)Reading±115Volts.
B)Remove“Multimeter”andsetswitchtoblueorredphase,turnthepotentiometerclockwiseuntiltheline
insulationmonitorindicatesbothaudioandvisual.
C)VerifyoperationofLineInsulationMonitortestingallsocket-outlets
.
Thesevaluescanbecapturedona‘‘COC’’testreport.
Note:TheVoltagevaluescoulductuateduetochangesinload.
0-10kΩ
Potentiometer to
test audio & visual
Blue OFF Red
Phase selection switch
Voltage
output points
for multimeter
V+
V+
Earth
Line 1
Blue
Line 2
Red
Earth Reference
Line 2
Red
Line 1
Blue
Plug configuration
±115V
±230V
±115V
6
QUESTION 10b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Thetestneedstobeperformedatthedistributionboard.
b) Connect the leads above the earth leakage circuit breaker to avoid it from tripping
(seeFig.E, F, G& H -Pg 7&8). FigE,F,G &Hshows typicalinstallationsthat canbe
encountered.
c) Makeuseofthetestleadssuppliedwiththetesteronlyasnonstandardleadsmaylead
toerroneousreadings.Noextensionleadsshouldbeused.
c)
Theearthloopimpedancetestwillbeconductedbetweenthephaseandearthconductors
and the prospective short circuit current (PSC) will be between the phase and
neutralconductor.
e) T1825isautorangingandwillautomaticallyselectthemostsuitablerange.
f) Pressingthetestbuttonwillmomentarilyinjecta16A(typicalloadcurrent)testcurrent
throughthecircuitandaloopimpedancereadingwillbeindicated.Recordthisreading
onthetestcertificate.
g) Itisacceptedthatacircuitshouldcarryafaultcurrentoftwicetheratedcircuitcurrent.
Tocalculatetheacceptablevalueofmeasurementproceedasperthefollowingformula:
V
Remax=2xI(Amps)rated
WhereRemax = Maximumearthloopimpedance
V = MeasuredVoltage
I = RatedCircuitCurrent
Example:60AmpCircuit(I)
230VACSystem(V)
V
Remas=2xI
230
=(2x60)
=1.92Ω
Therefore the loop resistance of the circuit must be below 1.92Ω to allow a fault
currentof120ampstoflow.
h) Set the tester on the 2000A range on the PSC scale and measure the prospective
shortcircuitcurrent.Theresultwillbeindicatedinamps.
i) The result should be entered on the front page of the certificate of compliance /
test report. An example can be found on page 282 of the SANS 10142-1:2003. (See
addendumB–Pg9).
j) Inthecaseofsupplysystemsratedatnotmorethan250Vtoearth,measurethePSCC
atthepointofcontrolwithacommerciallyavailableinstrument(faultcurrentmeter).
Before any instrument is connected, confirm that the instrument is rated for the
applicable current rating, in particular where the current rating at the main switch
disconnectorexceeds100AorthePSCCisexpectedtoexceed10kA.
Note 1: Do not measure three-phase PSCC if the meter is not specifically designed for
that purpose or for the capacity of supply (or both). In a balanced three-phase system,
the three-phase value can be estimated by multiplying the single-phase value by 1.73.
Note 2: Ensure that the instrument connections do not add impedance to the
circuit measured.
CAUTION: Verify the suitability and accuracy of the PSCC instrument with
the manufacturer.
k) To calculate prospective short-circuit current see page 271 of the SANS 10142-1:2003
(SeeaddendumC–Pg11).
l) Itisimportanttotakeintoaccountthedistancefromthetransformerandsizeofsupply
cablewheninspectingandacceptingthekAratingofthecircuitbreakerandinstallation.
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L
N
E
7
Fig E - TT System Earthing
Fig F - IT Earthing System
Line earth loop resistance is the sum of wiring resistance, earth resistance and resistance of
transformer winding.
Line earth loop resistance is the sum of wiring resistance, earth resistance and resistance of
transformer winding.
L1
Transformer
Line
Earth Resistance
Current
Flow
L1
L2
L3
Line DB
L2
E
Transformer
Neutral
Earth
Earth Resistance
Current
Flow
L1
L2L3
Line DB
Earthing Impidance
Typical more than 1000Ω
Consumers
Earth Terminal
8
Fig G - TN-S Earthing System
Fig H - TN-C-S System Earthing
Line earth loop resistance is the sum of wiring resistance, earth resistance and resistance of
transformer winding.
Line earth loop resistance is the sum of wiring resistance, earth resistance and resistance of
transformer winding.
Transformer
Neutral
Earth
Earth Resistance
Boundary Box
L1
L2L3
Line DB
Current
Flow
L
N
E
Transformer
Neutral
Earth
Earth Resistance
Current
Flow
L1
L2L3
Line DB
L
N
E
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Note1. IntermsofSouthAfricanlegislation,theuserorlesserisresponsibleforthesafetyoftheelectricalinstallation.
Note2. Thisreportcoversonlythatpartoftheinstallationdescribedinsection3.
Note3.Thisreportcoversthecircuitsforfixedappliances,butdoesnotcovertheactualappliances,forexamplestoves,geysers,
airconditioningandrefrigerationplantandlights.
Note4.Medicalandhazardouslocationsrequireadditionaltestreports(See8.8.2and8.8.3).
Note5.Entertherequiredinformationorticktheappropriateblock.
SECTION 1 - LOCATION (only required if not provided on Certificate of Compliance)
Physicaladdress:......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Nameofbuilding:...................................................................................................................................................................................................
SECTION 2 - INSTALLATION
ExistingCertificateNoYesDateIssued:..................................................Number:....................................................
ExistinginstallationAlteration/ExtensionNewinstallationTemporaryinstallation
Typeofinstallation:ResidentialCommercialIndustrialCommonareaformultipleusers(Sectionaltitle)
OtherDescribe:..............................................................................................................................
Type of electricity supply system:TN-STN-C-STN-CTTIT
Supplyearthterminalprovided:Yes No
Characteristics of supply:
Voltage:230V400V525VOther:..........................................................V
NumberofPhases:OneTwoThreePhaserotation:ClockwiseAnticlockwise
Frequency:50HzOther:........................................................................d.c.
Prospectiveshort-circuitcurrentatpointofcontrol(PSCC):
kAHowdetermined?CalculatedMeasuredFromsupplier
Main switch type:Switchdisconnector(on-loadisolator)FuseswitchCircuit-breakerEarthleakagecircuit-breaker
Earthleakageswitchdisconnector
Numberofpoles:Currentrating:AShort-circuit/withstandrating:kA
Ratedearthleakagetrippingcurrent/ n:30mAOther:.........................................................mA
Surgeprotection(see6.7.6andAnnex.L):YesNo
Isalternativepowersupplyinstalled(see7.12)?:YesNo
Isanypartoftheinstallationaspecialisedelectricalinstallation?:YesNo
Ifyes,completeadditionaltestreports(see8.8.2or8.8.3)
Isanypartoftheinstallationatavoltageabove1kV?:YesNo
Ifyes,competentpersontoapprovedesignandcompleteadditional
testreports(see8.6.3andSANS10142-2).
Isthisinstallationoneoffiveormoreonthesamenewsupply?:YesNo
Ifyes,nameofthecompetentpersonwhosupervisedtheinstallation(see8.2.3).
9
ADDENDUM B
TEST REPORT
for ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
to SANS 10142-1
Certificate of Compliance (CoC) No.:
Date of Issue:
THE ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS’ Association (S.A)
ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS’ ASSOCIATION (SA)
ECA
FOR USE BY ECA MEMBERS ONLY
91NEWTONROAD,MEADOWDALEEXT.2,GERMISTON,1401•P.O.BOX9683EDENGLEN1613
EMAIL:[email protected]•TEL:(011)392000•FAX:0865890989
10
QUESTION 11a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE ELEVATED VOLTAGE ON THE NEUTRAL?
ANSWER: Anymeterwithavoltagefunctionsimilarto:
a) ToptronicTBM811DMM
b) TBM3030
c) TBM251
QUESTION 11b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Switchoffthemainswitch.
b) Measure the voltage between the supplier neutral and the external earth of the
installation(ie.earthspike)andrecordoncertificateofcompliance/testreport.
c) Thereadingshouldnotexceed25V.
d) Ifthereadingexceeds25VnotifythesupplyauthoritybycompletingAnnexK
(seeaddendumD–Pg16).
e) Ifthereadingexceeds50Vdisconnectthesupplyandnotifythesupplyauthorityasabove.
QUESTION 12a: WHAT INSTRUMENT SHOULD BE USED TO TEST THE EARTH ELECTRODE RESISTANCE?
ANSWER: Any3terminalearthresistancetestersimilarto:
a) ToptronicT1105
b) ToptronicT416(EarthResistivity)
c) ToptronicT1120
d) ToptronicT2000
e) ToptronicMacroG3
QUESTION 12b: HOW IS THE TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTED?
ANSWER: a) ConnecttheToptronicT1805asshowninthediagram(figure1–Pg12).Ensurethatthe
cablesarenottouchingortwistedasthiswillaffectthemeasurementduetoinduction.
b) Makesuretoinserttheauxiliaryearthbarsinthemoistpartoftheearth.
c) Spikesmustbeinsertedinastraightline(minimumspacingis2m).
d) Ifthegroundisdryorsandymoistenwithwater(Testspikesonly).
e) Whereitisnotpossibletoinserttheauxiliaryearthbarsduetoahardsurfacelikeconcrete
orstonygroundlaytheearthbarsinasuitablepositionandcoverthemwithwetcloths
(preferablywithsaltaddedtothewater).
f) Pleasenote,thisisnotpossibleontarred,tiledorpaintedsurfaces.
g) To check for earth voltage, depress the AC voltage button. If the reading is less than
10voltsproceedwiththeearthresistancetestbutifthereadingishigherdonotproceed.
Firstrectifytheproblemasthiscanaffectthereading.
h) Now test for the correct wiring connection between the E, P and C terminals and
earthspikesbydepressingthebatterycheckbutton.IftheOKlightislitup,proceedwith
theearthresistancemeasurement.
i) Selecttheappropriateohmscale.Themeterwillnowindicatetheearthresistance.
j) Itisacceptedthatacircuitshouldcarryafaultcurrentoftwicetheratedcircuitcurrent.To
calculate what the maximum acceptable value of measurement proceed as per the
followingformula:
V V
Remax =2xI 2xI(Amps)rated
WhereRemax = Maximumearthelectroderesistance
V = MeasuredVoltage
I = RatedCircuitCurrent
Example: 60AmpCircuit(I)
230VACSystem(V)
V
Remax =2xI
=230
(2x60)
=1.92Ω
Thereforetheearthelectroderesistancemustbebelow
1.92Ωtoallowafaultcurrentof120ampstoflow.
*Note:Whenthesupplierprovidesanearthterminal,
thenthistextisoptional.
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ADDENDUM C SANS 10142-1:2003
8.5 PROSPECTIVE SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (SEE SECTION 2 OF THE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE /
TESTREPORT)
8.5.1 Obtain the estimated prospective short-circuit current (PSCC) at the point of supply from the
supplierofelectric.
8.5.2 Inthecaseofsupplysystemsratedatnotmorethan250Vtoearth,measurethePSCCatthepoint
ofcontrolwithacommerciallyavailableinstrument(faultcurrentmeter).Beforeanyinstrument
isconnected,confirmthattheinstrumentisratedfortheapplicablecurrentrating,inparticular
wherethecurrentratingatthemainswitchdisconnectorexceeds100AorthePSCCisexpected
toexceed10kA.
Note 1: Do not measure three-phase PSCC if the meter is not specifically designed for that purpose
or for the capacity supply (or both). In a balanced three-phase system, the three-phase value can
be estimated by multiplying the single-phase value by 1.73.
Note 2: Ensure that the instrument connections do not add impedance to the circuit measured.
CAUTION: Verify the suitability and accuracy of the PSCC instrument with the manufacturer.
8.5.3Information on three-phase PSCC can also be obtained from graphs, tables and computer
programs,suppliersofequipment,orcanbecalculatedusingthefollowingformula:
V
3xZtotal
WhereV = thephase-to-phasevoltage,involts;
Ztotal = thetotalimpedanceoftheupstreamnetworkinohms,
including, for example, the source transformer
impedanceandtheimpedanceofaphaseconductor.
8.5.4Thesourcetransformerimpedancecanbecalculatedusingthefollowingformula:
Ztransformer = V
2
xZ%
Px10
3
100
WhereZtransformer = thesourcetransformerimpedance;
P = thepowerofthetransformer,inkilovoltamperes;
Z% = the rated short-circuit impedance voltage of the
transformerexpressedasapercentage
12
EXAMPLE TO WORK OUT PSC
TRF = 500Kva
I = 650Amp
SCC = 4.5%
SupplycabletoM-DB
Size = 4CoreCux630mm2
L = 55meters
NB: Gettheratedcurrentfirst,thiscouldbedeterminedintheSANS10142-1
Table6.8Pg114
NB: Resistance(R)&Reactance(X)
ThesevaluescouldbeobtainedintheSANS10142-1
TableE.1Pg307
V = 400volts(declaredvoltage)
P = TransformerPowerinKVa
Z% = TransformerImpedancefromratingplate
Z = TransformerImpedanceinOhm(
Ω
)
A Z(TRF) =
Z(TRF) =
Z(TRF) = 0,0144
V2
PX103
Z%
100%
x
Ω
4002
Px103
4.5%
100%
x
=
400x400
500x1030,045
x
=160000
500000 0,045
x
Ω
C ThePSCCofcompletesystem
A+B = Z(TRF)+Z(conductor) =ZTotal
Isc = =A
=
Isc =
Isc = 12136.829A
Isc = 12,36829kA
Thecircuitbreakerforthissystemmustbethenextsize:
15kAwillbeOK!
400
0,0326882
V
3xZTotal
400
3x(0,0144+0,0044716049)
Zconductor =CableimpedanceinOhm
L =Thelengthofcableinmeters
SeetableE.1 =ConductorResistanceinOhm/Km
Page307 =ConductorResistanceinOhm/Km
SANS10142-2
B Zconductor =
Z(TRF) =
=
=
Zconductor =
Zconductor =
Lr2+x2
103
Ω
550,0432+0,0692
103
55x0,0813019
103
.4,4716049x10¯3
0,0044716049
556,61210¯3
103
Ω
{
Johannesburg
(011) 879-6620
Durban
(031) 569-9900
Cape Town
(021) 594-7100
Port Elizabeth
(041) 408-2400
13
Fig I - Earth Resistance Measurement (Toptronic T1805)
On a concrete floor (not asphalt)
where auxilary earth bars cannot
be driven, lay the earth bars and
makethemmoistwithwaterbefore
proceedingwithmeasurement.
Earth Resistance Measurement
Press a desired range switch
button first and then “MEAS”
button
E P C
(Red)
5 - 10m 5 - 10m
(Yellow) (Green)
Photographnottoscale
14
k) Avoidbackfilledareasasthegroundhasnotbeencompactedandrubblemight
influencethereading.
l) Theabovetestshould onlybeperformedifanearthis provided.(Earthatthe
installation).
QUESTION 13a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST INSULATION RESISTANCE?
ANSWER: Aninstallationtesterlikethe:
a) ToptronicMacroG3
b) ToptronicT1132
c) ToptronicT419
d) ToptronicT1151
QUESTION 13b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Setthetestvoltageontheinsulationtestertotwicethatofthesystemvoltage
(500voltsforanormal230VACsystem).
b) Disconnectthepowertotheinstallation,theearthleakagecircuitbreakerand
otherelectrical/electronicdeviceswhichcouldbedamagedduringthetest.
c) Allswitchesandcircuitbreakersmustbeintheonposition.
d) Set the insulation tester to 500V and connect the test leads as required (For
example:phasetophase,phasetoneutral,phasetoearth,etc).
e) Depress the “push-on” button and note the insulation resistance reading
indicatedbytheinstrument.
f) Infinityispreferredbutaminimumof1Mohmwillbeaccepted.
QUESTION 14a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE VOLTAGE (MAIN DB) WITH NO LOAD?
ANSWER: Anymeterwithvoltagefunctionsimilarto:
a) ToptronicTBM811
b) ToptronicTBM251
c) ToptronicTBM3030
QUESTION 14b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Switchoffallloadsandmeasurethevoltageatthepointofcontrol
(thedistributionboard).
b) Ifthevoltageisoutofregulatorylimitsnotifythesupplierby
completingAnnexureK(seeAddendumD-Pg16).
c) Theregulatorylimitofthesupplyvoltageis230VAC±10%.
QUESTION15a:WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE VOLTAGE (MAIN DB) WITH THE LOADS
SWITCHED ON?
ANSWER: Anymeterwithavoltagefunctionsimilarto:
a) ToptronicTBM811
b) ToptronicTBM251
c) ToptronicTBM3030
QUESTION 15b: HOW IS THE TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Switchonthemaximumloadsavailableandmeasurethevoltageatthepointof
control(distributionboard).
b) Thestoveandgeysercouldbeusedasloadsifavailable.
c) Ifthevoltagemeasuredisoutofregulatorylimitsnotifythesupplierbycompleting
AnnexureK(seeAddendumD–Pg16).
d) Theregulatorylimitofthesupplyvoltageis230VAC±10%.
QUESTION 16a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE VOLTAGE AT THE AVAILABLE LOAD
(WORST CONDITION)?
ANSWER: Anymeterwithavoltagefunctionsimilarto:
a) ToptronicTBM811
b) ToptronicTBM3030
Johannesburg
(011) 879-6620
Durban
(031) 569-9900
Cape Town
(021) 594-7100
Port Elizabeth
(041) 408-2400
15
c) ToptronicTBM251
d) ToptronicTBM195
QUESTION 16b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) This is a volt drop test and should be carried out on the furthest point of
consumption.Thiscouldbeasocketoutletorterminalsofanappliance,etc.
b) With no load connected to the point of consumption, measure the phase/
neutralvoltage.
c) Anothermeasurementmustnowbetakenwithaloadconnectedtothepointof
consumption. A typical load is 3kW and could be in the form of an element,
heater,etc.
d) Thedifferencebetweenthetworeadingsgivesthevoltdropthroughthecircuit.
Calculatethepercentagedifference(error).
e) Thevoltdropshouldnotexceed5%.
f) Usingthestoveandgeyserisnotacceptableunlesstheyarethefurthestpointof
consumption.
g) Keepthetime betweentakingmeasurementsb andcas shortaspossibleas a
fluctuationofsuppliersvoltagecouldresultinerroneousresults.
h) Alsonote thatthe startingvoltage isnot importantas thepercentage change
willbethesame.
QUESTION 17a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTION UNITS?
ANSWER: AnyELCBtestersimilarto:
a) ToptronicTEL1TLB
b) ToptronicT419
QUESTION 17b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Ensure ALL leads are disconnected (all appliances unplugged, stove and
geyseroff).
b) PlugtheELCBtester(TEL1TLB)intoanyconvenientsocketoutletandswitchon
thesocket.
c) Testatvariouspointsofoutlet.
d) Increasethemilliampsfrom0untilthecircuitbreakertrips.
e) Note and record the value when tripping occurs. The earth leakage circuit
breakershouldtripbetween15and30mA.Ideallytheunitshouldtripat30mA.
Thedifferencebetweentheactualvalueand30mAisthe“standingleakage”of
theinstallation.Ifthisislessthanaround15mAspurioustrippingmayoccur.
QUESTION 18a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE OPERATION OF THE EARTH LEAKAGE
TEST BUTTON?
ANSWER: a) Notesterrequired
QUESTION 18b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Pressthetestbuttonontheearthleakagecircuitbreaker(ELCB)installedinthe
distributionboard.
b) Theearthleakagecircuitbreaker(ELCB)shouldtrip.
c) Novalueisrequiredasthisistoverifytheoperationandnotthesensitivity.
d) Theonlyresultmustbecorrect.(TheELCBtripped).
QUESTION 19a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST THE POLARITY OF THE POINTS OF
CONSUMPTION?
ANSWER: Anysocket/ELCBTestersimilarto:
a) ToptronicTEL1TLB
b) ToptronicTEL2SC
c) T1825(loop/PSCtester)
d) ToptronicMacroG3
16
ADDENDUM D SANS 10142-1:2003
Annex K
(informative)
Notification of a potential danger
(See 8.7.6 and 8.7.10)
To: ................................
................................ (Thesupplier)
................................
................................
From: ................................
................................
................................ (Theregisteredperson)
................................
DuringaninspectionintermsofSANS10142.Thewiringofpremises,performedatstand
No. ................................
situatedat ................................
................................
I, ................................,RegistrationNo.................,
Ifoundthefollowingpotentialdanger:
I elevatedvoltageofneutral ..............................................V
I voltagenotwithinlimits ..............................................V
I other...................................................................
SIGNED:................................Date:.................................
Consumers
Earth Terminal
Johannesburg
(011) 879-6620
Durban
(031) 569-9900
Cape Town
(021) 594-7100
Port Elizabeth
(041) 408-2400
17
QUESTION 19b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) Testthatthepolarityonallswitches,sockets,applianceterminalsandpointsof
consumptionarecorrect.
b) Insert the TEL1TLB into all sockets, switch on and confirm polarity. Adaptors
couldbeusedwhenterminalsareopen.
c) Thecorrectwiringwillbeindicatedby3lights.Allmustbeonforcorrectstatus.
d) Ifanyofthelightsremainoff,thetableontheinstrumentwillindicatethefault
condition.
e) To test at a light switch, remove the cover, confirm visually that the phase
conductor(Red)hasbeenused.Anon-contactvoltagedetectorcanbeusedto
verifypolarityasthiswillonlyfunctionwiththemagneticfieldofalive/phase
conductor.
f) A phase rotation test must also be carried out if it is a 3 phase installation.
This is not applicable on a single phase. Results should then also be recorded
on the front of the certificate of compliance / test report (page 282 of
SANS10142-1:2003)asillustratedinAddendumB–Pg9.
g) The results can only be correct, if a fault is detected it must be rectified
immediately.
QUESTION 20a: WHAT INSTRUMENT CAN BE USED TO TEST ALL THE SWITCHING DEVICES AND MAKE
AND BREAK CIRCUITS?
ANSWER: Anytestersimilarto:
a) ToptronicTBM811
b) ToptronicT1132
c) ToptronicT1151
QUESTION 20b: HOW IS THIS TEST DONE AND WHAT VALUE OF MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE?
ANSWER: a) All switching devices for example light switches, circuit breakers, isolators, etc
shouldbetested.
b) Switchesmustbeswitchedonandoff.Thecircuitmustbeinterruptedasintended.
c) Anydefectmustberectifiedbeforetheresultscanberecordedonthecertificate
ofcompliance/testreport.
d) Theanswercanonlybecorrect.
QUESTION 21: WHY SHOULD ANYONE BOTHER WITH THESE TESTS WHEN VALUES CAN JUST BE
FILLED IN ON THE FORMS?
ANSWER: YouareanACCREDITEDPERSONandhaveclearresponsibilitiesspeltoutbythelaw.
Furthermore, the law provides stiff penalties for failure to comply with the
requirementsoftheregulations,and/orforcontraventionofthelaw.Theseinclude
finesand/orimprisonment.
DOTHETESTCORRECTLY,HOLDYOURHEADHIGH,
ANDBEPROUDOFYOURWORK
HELLERMANNTYTON WILL BE HAPPY TO ASSIST WITH MORE INFORMATION AND DETAILS.
CONTACT US AT THE NEAREST OFFICE.
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