Honeywell Tradeline Chronotherm IV User manual

Wallplate Installation
The thermostat can be mounted horizontally on the wall
or on a 2 in. x 4 in. wiring box. Position wallplate
horizontally on the wall or on a 2 in. x 4 in. wiring box.
1. Position and level the wallplate (for appearance
only). The thermostat will function properly even
when not level.
2. Use a pencil to mark the mounting holes. See
Fig. 2.
3. Remove the wallplate from the wall and drill two
3/16 inch holes in the wall (if drywall) as marked.
For firmer material such as plaster, drill two 7/32
inch holes. Gently tap anchors (provided) into the
drilled holes until flush with the wall.
4. Position the wallplate over the holes, pulling wires
through the wiring opening.
5. Loosely insert the mounting screws into the holes.
6. Tighten mounting screws.
WIRING
All wiring must comply with local electrical codes and
ordinances. Refer to Fig. 3 for typical hookup. A letter
code is located near each terminal for identification.
CAUTION
Disconnect power before wiring to prevent
electrical shock or equipment damage.
1. Loosen the terminal screws on the wallplate and
connect the system wires. See Fig. 4.
X-XX UL
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
®U.S. Registered Trademark
Copyright © 1997 Honeywell Inc. • • All Rights Reserved
T8611G Chronotherm
®
IV
Deluxe Programmable
Heat Pump Thermostats
APPLICATION
The T8611G Chronotherm® IV Deluxe Programmable Heat Pump Thermostats provide electronic control of 24 Vac
single-zone heat pump systems. Refer to Table 1 for a general description of the thermostats. All T8611 thermostats
require a common wire to supply power.
Table 1. Description of T8611 Thermostats.
RECYCLING NOTICE
If this control is replacing a control that contains
mercury in a sealed tube, do
not place your old
control in the trash.
Contact your local waste management authority
for instructions regarding recycling and the proper
disposal of the old thermostat.
INSTALLATION
When Installing this Product…
1. Read these instructions carefully. Failure to follow
the instructions can damage the product or cause
a hazardous condition.
2. Check the ratings given in the instructions and on
the product to make sure the product is suitable for
your application.
3. Installer must be a trained, experienced service
technician.
4. After completing installation, use these instructions
to check out the product operation.
Location
Install the thermostat about 5 ft (1.5m) above the floor in
an area with good air circulation at average temperature.
See Fig. 1.
Do not install the thermostat where it can be affected by:
—drafts, or dead spots behind doors and in corners.
—hot or cold air from ducts.
—radiant heat from sun or appliances.
—concealed pipes and chimneys.
—unheated (uncooled) areas such as an outside wall
behind the thermostat.
T8611 Changeover System Selection Fan Selection Comments
GAutomatic Em Heat-Heat-Off-Cool-
Auto On-Auto System and fan selections are done by keyboard.
69-0936-1

69-0936—1 2
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
W2
L1
(HOT)
L2
M11311
FAN
RELAY
Y1 G E
THERMOSTAT
C
HEAT
RELAY
1
RW1
COMPRESSOR
CONTACTOR EM. HT.
RELAY
TRANSFORMER
HEAT
RELAY
2
OT OT
OUTDOOR
SENSOR
COOLING OR
HEATING
CHANGEOVER
VALVE
O/B X2 LX1
EQUIPMENT
MONITOR 2
EQUIPMENT
MONITOR 1
1POWER SUPPLY. PROVIDE DISCONNECT MEANS AND OVERLOAD
PROTECTION AS REQUIRED.
EM. HT. RELAY DOES NOT CYCLE. TO TURN OFF THE EM. HT.,
SET SYSTEM SELECTION TO HEAT.
2
1
2
WIRES
THROUGH WALL
WALL
MOUNTING
HOLES
M15044
MOUNTING
SCREWS
WALL
ANCHORS
(2)
Fig. 1.Typical location of thermostat.
Fig. 3. Typical hookup of T8611G
in a heat pump system.
5 FEET
[1.5 METERS]
YES
NO
NO
NO
M10106
Fig. 2. Mounting the wallplate.
IMPORTANT
Use 18 gauge, color-coded thermostat cable for
proper wiring.
2. Securely tighten each terminal screw.
3. Push excess wire back into the hole.
4. Plug the hole with nonflammable insulation to
prevent drafts from affecting the thermostat.

69-0936—1
3
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
Fig. 5. Mounting thermostat on wallplate.
Using Thermostat Keys
The thermostat keys are used to:
•set current day and time,
•program times and setpoints for heating and cooling,
•temporarily override program temperatures,
•display present setting,
•configure Installer Setup,
•check System-Test,
•display outdoor temperature (select models),
•set the system operation,
•set the fan operation.
See Fig. 6 for the location of the keys.
NOTE: Always press the keys with your fingertip or
similar blunt tool. Sharp instruments like a pen
or pencil point can damage the keyboard.
SETTINGS
System and Fan Settings
The system default setting is Heat and the fan default
setting is Auto. Use the System and Fan keys to change
the settings. See Fig. 7. The fan settings can be set for
each program period individually. The system selection is
for all the program periods.
System settings control the thermostat operation as
follows:
Em Heat: Emergency heat relay is on continuously.
Thermostat cycles highest stage of heat. Cooling
system is off. Compressor is de-energized.
Heat: The thermostat controls the heating.
Off: Both the heating and cooling are off.
Cool: The thermostat controls the cooling.
Auto: The thermostat automatically changes between
heating and cooling operation, depending on the
indoor temperature.
Fan settings control the system fan as follows:
On: Fan operates continuously.
Auto: Fan operates with equipment.
LED Indication
Two LED indicators are located in the upper right of the
thermostat. They indicate when a CHECK or FAIL signal
is sent to the thermostat from the system. See Fig. 3.
Temperature Settings
Refer to Table 2 for the default program. If the daytime
energy savings period is not used, press the period key
(Leave or Return) until the time is blank.The fan setting
feature is available on select thermostat models. See
Owners Guide, form number 69-0940, for complete
instructions on changing the program.
Fig. 4. Proper wiring technique.
Mounting Thermostat
1. Engage tabs at the top of the thermostat and
wallplate. See Fig. 5.
2. Press lower edge of case to close and latch.
NOTE: To remove the thermostat from the wall, first pull
out at the bottom of the thermostat; remove
top last.
M4826
FOR WRAPAROUND
INSERTION STRIP
7/16 IN. (11 MM).
FOR STRAIGHT
INSERTION STRIP
5/16 IN. (8 MM).
M15043
B. PRESS LOWER EDGE OF CASE TO LATCH.
A. ENGAGE TABS AT TOP OF THERMOSTAT AND WALLPLATE.

69-0936—1 4
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
Fig. 6.T8611G key locations and descriptions.
Fig. 7.T8611G System and Fan key locations.
Table 2. Default Program Settings.
M15042
Hold Temp
Run
Program
Copy
Daylight
Time
Set Current
Day/Time
System Fan
Time Set Program
Day
System
Fan
Wake Leave Return Sleep
Heat/Cool
Settings
Period Time Heat Setpoint Cool Setpoint Fan Setting
Wake 6:00 AM 70°F
(21°C) 78°F (25.5°C) Auto
Leave 8:00 AM 62°F
(16.5°C) 85°F (29.5°C) Auto
Return 6:00 PM 70°F
(21°C) 78°F (25.5°C) Auto
Sleep 10:00 PM 62°F
(16.5°C) 82°F (28°C) Auto
INSTALLER SETUP
NOTE: For most applications, the thermostat factory-
settings will not need to be changed. Review the
factory settings in Table 2 and if no changes are
necessary, go to the Installer System-Test
section.
The Installer Setup is used to customize the thermostat
to specific systems. Some of the options include
temperature display, changeover and outdoor
temperature display. Installer Setup numbers are listed in
Table 3. The table includes all the configuration options
and the factory-settings for the T8611.
M10405
Time Set Program
System Fan
Run
Program
Hold Temp
Set Current
Day/Time Wake Leave Return Sleep
Day Heat/Cool
Settings
Daylight
Time Copy
INCREASE TEMPERATURE
SETTING OR SCROLL
FORWARD THROUGH
INSTALLER SETUP OPTIONS
DECREASE TEMPERATURE
SETTING OR SCROLL
BACKWARD THROUGH
INSTALLER SETUP OPTIONS
DISPLAY INFORMATION
SUCH AS PRESENT
SETTINGS AND OUTDOOR
TEMPERATURE
RETURN TO
NORMAL
OPERATIONS
ENTER
INDEFINITE
OR TIMED
HOLD MODE
SET CURRENT
DAY AND TIME
SET CURRENT OR
PROGRAM DAY
CHANGE BETWEEN
DAYLIGHT SAVINGS
AND STANDARD TIME
INCREASE TIME SETTING
OR SCROLL FORWARD
THROUGH INSTALLER
SETUP AND SELF-TEST
DECREASE TIME SETTING
OR SCROLL BACKWARD
THROUGH INSTALLER
SETUP AND SELF-TEST
COPY ONE PROGRAMMED
DAY TO ANOTHER DAY
SET WAKE TIMES
AND SETPOINTS
CHANGE BETWEEN
HEATING AND COOLING
SETPOINTS
SET LEAVE TIMES
AND SETPOINTS
SET RETURN TIMES
AND SETPOINTS
SET SLEEP
TIMES AND
SETPOINTS
SELECT SYSTEM
OPERATION
SELECT FAN
OPERATION
M10675
TWO LED
INDICATORS
Fig. 8. LEDs location.

69-0936—1
5
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
M10349
INSTALLER SETUP
NUMBER DISPLAY
(COLUMN 2
OF TABLE 3)
FACTORY SETTING
OR OTHER CHOICE
DISPLAY (COLUMN 3
OR 5 OF TABLE 3)
A combination of key presses are required to use the
Installer Setup feature.
—To enter the Installer Setup, press and hold the
Information i key with the increase ▲and
decrease ▼keys until the first number is displayed.
All display segments appear for approximately three
seconds before the number is displayed.
See Fig. 9 and 10.
—To advance to the next Installer Setup, press the
Time ▲▲key.
—To change a setting, use the increase ▲or
decrease ▼key.
—To scroll the Installer Setup numbers backwards,
press the Time ▼▼key.
—To exit the Installer Setup, press Run Program.
Aux Ht
Heat
Auto
System Fan
Off Auto
Wake
Mon
Wait
In
Room
Outdoor
%Humid
Auto
Sav
AM
PM
Hold for
Cool Repl Batt
On
Recovery
DST
Cool
TueWedThuFriSatSun
LeaveReturnSleep
M10345
Set Program Set Day/Time Start Time Temporary Setting Enrg
Em Heat
Em Ht
Fig. 10. Display of Installer Setup
number and setting.
IMPORTANT
Only configurable numbers are shown on the device.
Example: If thermostat does not have a system key,
Installer Setup Number 12 will not be displayed.
Review Table 3 factory-settings and mark any
desired changes in the Actual Settings column.
When Installer Setup is complete, review the
settings to confirm that they match the system.
Table 3.Thermostat Installer Setup Options.
(Continued)
Fig. 9. Display of all the segments of the LCD.
Installer
Setup
Number
(Press
Time
▲ key to Factory-Setting Other Choices
(Press ▲or ▼key to change) Actual
Select change) Display Description Display Description Setting
Not used 1 thru 4 — — — — —
Heating cycle 56Stage 2 3, 6 or 9 3—3 cph
6 (Not
used) ———
6—6 cph used for last stage of
heat pump systems
—
79Emergency heat 3, 6
or 9 9—9 cph used for electric heat
Not used 8 thru 11 — — — — —
System setting
adjustment 12 1 Manual changeover 0 or 2 0—Auto changeover
2—Fixed auto changeover
Adaptive
Intelligent
Recovery™
control
13 0 Adaptive Intelligent
Recovery™ control is
activated (system
starts early so setpoint
is reached by start of
program period)
1Conventional recovery (system
starts recovery at programmed
time)
—
Degree
temperature
display
14 0 Temperature is
displayed in °F 1Temperature is displayed in °C
Not used 15 — — — — —
Clock format 16 0 12-hour clock format 1 24-hour clock format
Not used 17 and 18 — — — — —
Extended fan
operation in
heating
19 0 No extended fan
operation after the
call for heat ends
1Fan operation is extended
90 seconds after the call for
heat ends.

69-0936—1 6
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
Table 3.Thermostat Installer Setup Options (Continued).
Installer
Setup
Number
(Press
Time
▲ key to Factory-Setting Other Choices
(Press ▲or ▼key to change) Actual
Select change) Display Description Display Description Setting
Extended fan
operation in
cooling
20 0 No extended fan
operation after the
call for cool ends
1Fan operation is extended
90 seconds after the call for
cool ends.
Not used 21 thru 23 — — — — —
Outdoor
temperature
display
(models with
OT terminals)
24 0 No outdoor
temperature is
displayed
1Outdoor temperature is
displayed. Needs a C7089B1000
Outdoor Sensor to operate.
Not used 25 thru 28 — — — — —
O/B terminal
energized in
heating or
cooling
29 0 O/B terminal is
energized for
reversing valve in
cooling
1O/B terminal is energized for
reversing valve in heating
Deadband 30 3 Heating and cooling
setpoints can be set
no closer than 3°F
(1.5°C)
4 thru
10 Heating and cooling setpoints can be set no closer than the
chosen value:
4—4°F (2°C)
5—5°F (2.5°C)
6—6°F (3°C)
7—7°F (3.5°C)
8—8°F (4°C)
9—9°F (4.5°C)
10—10°F (5°C)
Not used 31 and 32 — — — — —
Minimum off
time for the
compressor
33 5 5 minute minimum
off time for the
compressor
0 thru
4Minimum number of minutes (0 thru 5) the compressor will be off
between calls for the compressor
Temperature
range stops in
heating
34 90 Highest setpoint
heating can be set to 40 to 89 Temperature range (1°F increments) heating setpoint
can be set to
Temperature
range stops in
cooling
35 45 Lowest setpoint
cooling can be set to 46 to 99 Temperature range (1°F increments) cooling setpoint
can be set to
Not used 36 — — — — —
Temperature
display
adjustment
37 0 No difference in
displayed temperature
and actual room
temperature
-3 thru
31—Display adjusts to 1°F higher than actual room temperature
2—Display adjusts to 2°F higher
than actual room temperature
3—Display adjusts to 3°F higher
than actual room temperature
-1—Display adjusts to 1°F lower
than actual room temperature
-2—Display adjusts to 2°F lower
than actual room temperature
-3—Display adjusts to 3°F lower
than actual room temperature

69-0936—1
7
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
Aux Ht
Heat
Auto
System Fan
Off Auto
Wake
Mon
Wait
In
Room
Outdoor
%Humid
Auto
Sav
AM
PM
Hold for
Cool Repl Batt
On
Recovery
DST
Cool
TueWedThuFriSatSun
LeaveReturnSleep
M10345
Set Program Set Day/Time Start Time Temporary Setting Enrg
Em Heat
Em Ht
3. Press Time ▲▲or Time ▼▼until the current time is
displayed.
NOTE: Tapping the Set Current Day/Time will
change the time in one hour increments.
M10312
Time Set Program
System Fan
Run
Program
Hold Temp
Set Current
Day/Time
Set Current
Day/Time
Wake Leave Return Sleep
Day Heat/Cool
Settings
Daylight
Time Copy
Mon
PM
Set Day/Time
2. Press Day until the current day is displayed.
NOTE: Sun=Sunday, Mon=Monday,
Tue=Tuesday, Wed=Wednesday,
Thu=Thursday, Fri=Friday, Sat=Saturday.
M10313
Time Set Program
System Fan
Run
Program
Hold Temp
Set Current
Day/Time Wake Leave Return Sleep
Day
Day Heat/Cool
Settings
Daylight
Time Copy
PM
Tue
Set Day/Time
M10314
Time Set Program
System Fan
Run
Program
Hold Temp
Set Current
Day/Time Wake Leave Return Sleep
Day
Time
Heat/Cool
Settings
Daylight
Time Copy
AM
Tue
Set Day/Time
NOTE: If the current time is Daylight Savings
Time, press Daylight Time until DST is
displayed.
M10316
Time Set Program
System Fan
Run
Program
Run
Program
Hold Temp
Set Current
Day/Time Wake Leave Return Sleep
Day Heat/Cool
Settings
Daylight
Time Copy
Auto
System Fan
Wake
Room
AM
DST
Tue
Heat
M10315
Time Set Program
System Fan
Run
Program
Hold Temp
Set Current
Day/Time Wake Leave Return Sleep
Day Heat/Cool
Settings
Daylight
Time
Daylight
Time
Copy
AM
DST
Tue
Set Day/Time
4. Press Run Program.
INSTALLER SYSTEM-TEST
Use the Installer System-Test to check the thermostat
operation. Refer to Table 4 for a list of the available
system-tests.
To start the system-test:
CAUTION
The minimum off time for compressors is
bypassed during the Installer System-Test.
Equipment damage can occur if the compressor
is cycled too quickly.
Press and hold the increase ▲and decrease ▼ keys at
the same time until 10 appears. All segments of the
display will be displayed before the 10 appears. See
Fig. 11 and 12.
Table 4.Tests Available In The Installer System-Test.
Fig. 11. Display of all the segments of the LCD.
Fig. 12. Display of test number.
M10257A
TEST NUMBER
IMPORTANT
Review the settings to confirm that they match
the system. Press Run Program to exit the
Installer Setup.The thermostat has saved the
Installer Setup changes and initiated a reset in
order to operate using the new settings. Be sure
to set the current day and time immediately.
Setting Current Day and Time
1. Press Set Current Day/Time.
NOTE: On initial power up or after an extended
power loss, 1:00 pm flashes on the
display until a key is pressed.
Test
Number System-Test Description
10-19 Heating equipment can be turned on
and off
20-29 Emergency heat equipment can be turned
on and off
30-39 Cooling equipment can be turned on
and off
40-49 Fan equipment can be turned on and off.
60 0 to
60 19 Keyboard keys test
70-79 Thermostat information including date
code and software versions are displayed

69-0936—1 8
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
5. Press the increase ▲key again to display the
EEPROM identification code. (Example: 314 =
EEPROM ID 314)
M4933A
Table 5. Installer System-Test Options.
NOTE: Press any key and the displayed numbers will
change. Press Time ▼▼ to go to the previous test
and the Time ▲▲to go to the next test.The Run
Program Key will not exit this test. To exit, press
Time ▲▲or Time ▼▼ and then the Run Program
key.
THERMOSTAT INFORMATION
1. Press the Time ▲▲ key to access the thermostat
information. 4. Press the increase ▲key again to display the
software revision number (Example: 001=Revision
number 1).
M4934
2. Press the increase ▲key to display the production
date code. The first two large digits are the month
and the third digit is the last digit of the year
(Example: 027=February 1997).
M10351
3. Press the increase ▲key again to display the
software identification code. (Example: 02 =
software ID code 2)
M4932A
M10229
Refer to Table 5 for the directions and results of the
specific tests.
NOTE: Press Time ▲▲to advance to the next test and
Time ▼▼to go back to the previous test. Press
Run Program to exit the system-test.
Key to
Press Test Number Description
Heating Equipment System-Test
Time ▲10 Enter heating equipment system-test.
▲11 Stage-one heat comes on. The system fan is also energized.
▲12 Stage-two heat comes on. Stage-one heat and system fan remain on.
▼11 Stage-two heat turns off.
▼10 Stage-one heat and system fan turn off.
Emergency Heating Equipment System-Test
Time ▲20 Change from heating to emergency heating equipment system-test.
▲21 Emergency heat come on.
▼20 Emergency heat turn off.
Cooling Equipment System-Test
Time ▲30 Change from heating or emergency heating to cooling equipment system-test.
▲31 Cool and system fan come on.
▼30 Cool and system fan turn off.
Fan Equipment System-Test
Time ▲40 Change from cooling to fan equipment system-test.
▲41 Fan comes on.
▼40 Fan turns off.
Key Operation System-Test
Time ▲60 2 Change from fan to key operation system-test.

69-0936—1
9
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
6. Press the Run Program key to exit the system-test.
The system-test times out after four minutes
without any key presses.
(Continued)
CHECKOUT
Outdoor Temperature Sensor
(select models)
Allow the outdoor temperature sensor to soak in the
outdoor air for a minimum of five minutes before
taking a reading.
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Symptom Possible Cause Action
Display will not
come on. Thermostat is not being powered. •Check for 24 Vac between R and C terminals.
— If missing 24 Vac:
— check if the circuit breaker is tripped—reset the
circuit breaker.
— check if the system fuse is blown—replace the
fuse.
— check if the power switch on the HVAC equipment
is in the Off position—set to the On position.
— check wiring between thermostat and HVAC
equipment—replace any broken wires and tighten
any loose connections.
— If 24 Vac is present, proceed with troubleshooting.
Temperature
display is incorrect. Room temperature display has been reconfigured. Enter Installer Setup number 37 and reconfigure the display.
Thermostat is configured for °F
or °C display. Enter Installer Setup number 14 and reconfigure the display.
Bad thermostat location. Relocate the thermostat.
Temperature
settings will not
change. (Example:
Cannot set the
The upper or lower temperature
limits were reached. Check the temperature setpoints: •Heating limits are 40 to 90°F (4.5 to 32°C)
•Cooling limits are 48 to 99°F (7 to 37°C)
heating higher or
the cooling lower.) The setpoint temperature range
stops were configured. Check Installer Setup numbers 34 and 35 and reconfigure the setpoint stops.
Heating will not
come on. No power to the thermostat. • Check for 24 Vac between R and C terminals.
— If missing 24 Vac:
— check if the circuit breaker is tripped—reset the
circuit breaker.
— check if the system fuse is blown—replace the
fuse.
— check if the power switch on the HVAC equipment
is in the Off position—set to the On position.
— check wiring between thermostat and HVAC
equipment—replace any broken wires and tighten
any loose connections.
— If 24 Vac is present, proceed with troubleshooting.
Thermostat minimum off time is
activated. Wait up to five minutes for the system to respond.
System selection is not set to
Heat. Set system selection to Heat.
Heating setpoint is below room
temperature. Check heating setpoint. Set heating setpoint to desired temperature.

69-0936—1 10
T8611G CHRONOTHERM
®
IV DELUXE PROGRAMMABLE HEAT PUMP THERMOSTATS
Symptom Possible Cause Action
Cooling will not
come on. No power to the thermostat. • Check for 24 Vac between R and C.
— If missing 24 Vac:
— check if the circuit breaker is tripped—reset the
circuit breaker.
— check if the system fuse is blown—replace the
fuse.
— check if the power switch on the HVAC equipment
is in the Off position—set to the On position.
— check wiring between thermostat and HVAC
equipment—replace any broken wires and tighten
any loose connections.
— If 24 Vac is present, proceed with troubleshooting.
Thermostat minimum off time is
activated. • Wait up to five minutes for the system to respond.
• Enter Installer Setup number 33. Reconfigure minimum off
time (if required).
System selection is not set to
Cool. Set system selection to Cool.
Cool setpoint is above room
temperature. Check cooling setpoint. Set cooling setpoint to desired temperature.
Heating or cooling
come on
momentarily and
shut off
Heat or cool circuit is opening
up or becoming high
impedance.
Add resistor in parallel with load or install interface relay.
System on indicator
(flame=heat,
snowflake=cool) is
displayed, but no
warm or cool air is
coming from the
registers.
Heating or cooling equipment is
not operating. Verify operation of heating or cooling equipment in self-test.
Outdoor
temperature
not displayed
a
Option not activated. Enter Installer Setup number 24 and set to 1. Thermostat must
have OT terminals and a C7089B1000 installed.
Outdoor
temperature
Outdoor sensor is connected
incorrectly. Refer to C7089B1000 installation instructions and check wiring between the thermostat and sensor.
display is incorrect
a
Wrong sensor. Replace sensor with C7089B1000 sensor.
a
Select models.
Troubleshooting (Continued).