HP 64700 series User manual

HP 64700 Series Emulators
Analyzer
PC Interface
User’s Guide
HP Part No. 64740-97007
Printed in U.S.A.
August 1990
Edition 4

Notice Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to
this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties
of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for
incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of
its software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard.
© Copyright 1987, 1988, 1990, Hewlett-Packard Company.
This document contains proprietary information, which is protected by
copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be
photocopied, reproduced or translated to another language without the
prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard Company. The information
contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Advancelink, Vectra, and HP are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard
Company.
IBM and PC AT are registered trademarks of International Business
Machines Corporation.
MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T.
TORX is a registered trademark of Camcar Division of Textron, Inc.
Hewlett-Packard Company
Logic Systems Division
8245 North Union Boulevard
Colorado Springs, CO 80920, U.S.A.

Printing History New editions are complete revisions of the manual. The date on the
title page changes only when a new edition is published.
A software code may be printed before the date; this indicates the
version level of the software product at the time the manual was issued.
Many product updates and fixes do not require manual changes, and
manual corrections may be done without accompanying product
changes. Therefore, do not expect a one-to-one correspondence
between product updates and manual revisions.
Edition 1
Edition 2
Edition 3
Edition 4
64740-90911 E1187 November 1987
64740-90911 E0988 September 1988
64740-97006 May 1990
64740-97007 August 1990

Using this Manual
This manual will show you how to use the HP 64700 series analyzer
with the host computer PC Interface.
This manual will:
Briefly introduce the analyzer and its features.
Show you how to use the analyzer in its simplest, power-up
condition. From there, it will progressively show you how
and why you would use additional trace commands.
Show you how to connect the external analyzer probe to target
system signals and how to use the external analyzer as an
extension of the emulation analyzer.
Show you how to use the external timing analyzer via the
Timing Interface.
Show you how to set up the analyzer trigger to break the
emulator into the monitor program.
Show you how to drive external Coordinated Measurement
Bus (CMB) or BNC trigger signals with the analyzer trigger.
This manual will not:
Show you how to use every PC Interface command and
option; the PC Interface is described in the HP 64700
Emulators PC Interface: User’s Reference.

Organization
Chapter 1 Introducing the HP 64700 Series Analyzer. This chapter lists the
basic features of the analyzer. The following chapters show you how
to use these features.
Chapter 2 Using the Internal Analyzer. This chapter shows you how to use the
internal emulation analyzer, and it describes the basic steps performed
when using the analyzer.
Chapter 3 Internal Analyzer Examples. This chapter contains examples of
using the analyzer. It describes a sample program on which trace
measurements are made, and then it shows you how to specify a simple
trigger condition, how to use storage, prestore, and count qualifiers.
This chapter also shows you how to use the sequencer and how to trace
"windows" of program execution.
Chapter 4 Using the External Analyzer. This chapter shows you how to
connect the external analyzer probe to the target system and how to
configure the external analyzer (it may be aligned with the internal
analyzer, configured as an external state analyzer, or configured as an
external timing analyzer). This chapter shows you how to use the
external analyzer when it is aligned with the internal analyzer and
when it is configured as an external state analyzer.
Chapter 5 Using the External Timing Analyzer. This chapter shows you how to
use the external timing analyzer. The external timing analyzer allows
you to perform timing measurements and view the captured data in
waveform displays.
Chapter 6 Making Coordinated Measurements. This chapter shows you how to
allow other HP 64700 emulators to start trace measurements, how to
use the analyzer trigger condition to break the emulator, how to use the
emulation analyzer trigger to drive external trigger signals, and how to
allow the analyzers to be armed (turned on) by external trigger signals.

Contents
1 Introducing the HP 64700 Series Analyzer
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Analyzer Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Simple Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Trace Storage, Prestore, and Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
External Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
External Timing Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Coordinated Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
2 Using the Internal Analyzer
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Modifying the Trace Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Sequence Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Sequence Level Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Storage Qualifier Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Find State or Trigger on State Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Occurrence Count Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Prestore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Trigger Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Specifying State Patterns and Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Constants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Assigning Values to the Range Resource . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Assigning Values to the Pattern Resources . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Trace Labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Predefined Values for 68000 Emulator Status. . . . . . . 2-11
Specifying Pattern Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Interset Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Intraset Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Set Operator Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Contents-1

Resetting the Trace Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Starting the Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Halting a Trace Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Displaying the Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Changing the Trace Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Tracing Foreground/Background Execution . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Trace Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
3 Internal Analyzer Examples
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
The Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
What the Sample Program Does . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Mapping Memory for the Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Loading the Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Set Up the Stack Pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Running the Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Activating the Trace Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Specifying a Simple Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Using Storage Qualifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Using Trace Prestore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Changing the Count Qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Using "Restart On" Branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
Using Branches "Per Level" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Storing "Windows" of Program Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36
Excluding Windows of Program Execution . . . . . . . . . . 3-41
Triggering on a State Outside the Window . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42
Using Multiple Trigger Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
4 Using the External Analyzer
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Before You Can Use the External Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Assembling the Analyzer Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Connecting the Probe to the Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Connecting Probe Wires to the Target System . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Specifying Threshold Voltages & Defining Labels . . . . . . . . 4-9
Specifying Threshold Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
External Trace Signal Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Defining External Analyzer Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Selecting the External Analyzer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Using the External Analyzer when Aligned with Internal . . . . . 4-12
2-Contents

Using the External State Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Selecting the Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Specifying the Maximum Qualified Clock Speed . . . . . . . 4-16
External Analyzer Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
External State Analyzer Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
5 Using the External Timing Analyzer
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Configuring for Timing Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Specifying Threshold Voltages & Defining Labels . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Threshold Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Timing Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Acquisition Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Transitional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Glitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Sample Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Armed By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
TRIG1 or TRIG2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Trigger Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Trigger Holdoff (Prestore) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Trigger Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Label Qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Specifying the Trigger Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Find Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Greater Than Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Less Than Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Then Find Edge or Glitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Timing Waveform Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Setting the Time per Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Scrolling through the Waveform Display . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
User Defined (X, O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Cursor moves (X, O, X & O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Contents-3

Magnify About (X or O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Inserting/Deleting Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Starting the Timing Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Halting the Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
External Timing Analyzer Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
6 Making Coordinated Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Tracing at EXECUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Using the Analyzer Trigger to Break into the Monitor . . . . . . . 6-3
Using the Analyzer Trigger to Drive External Signals . . . . . . . . 6-4
Allowing CMB or BNC TRIGGERs to Arm the Analyzer . . . . . 6-5
Arming the Internal Emulation Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Arming the External Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Using One Analyzer to Arm the Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Other Trigger Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
4-Contents

Illustrations
Figure 1-1. Block Diagram of HP 64700 Series Analyzer . . . . . 1-2
Figure 2-1. Trace Specification Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Figure 2-2. Ranges, Patterns, and Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Figure 2-3. Analysis Format Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Figure 3-1. Pseudo-Code Algorithm of Sample Program . . . . . . 3-3
Figure 3-2. Sample Program Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Figure 3-3. Memory Map Configuration Display . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Figure 3-4. Simple Trigger Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Figure 3-5. Storage Qualifier Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Figure 3-6. Prestore Qualifier Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Figure 3-7. Count Qualifier Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Figure 3-8. Branches "Restart On" Specification . . . . . . . . . 3-25
Figure 3-9. Tracing Last Write to RESULTS Area . . . . . . . . 3-29
Figure 3-10. Branches "Per Level" Specification . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Figure 3-11. Storing a Window of Program Execution . . . . . . 3-37
Figure 3-12. Store "Window" Trace Specification . . . . . . . . 3-38
Figure 3-13. Excluding Windows of Program Execution . . . . . 3-42
Figure 3-14. Triggering on a State Outside the Window . . . . . 3-43
Figure 3-15. Using Multiple Trigger Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Figure 4-1. Assembling the Analyzer Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Figure 4-2. Attaching Grabbers to Probe Wires . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Figure 4-3. Removing Cover to Emulator Connector . . . . . . . . 4-5
Figure 4-4. Connecting the Probe to the Emulator . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Figure 4-5. Connecting the Probe to the Target System . . . . . . . 4-8
Figure 4-6. Analysis Format Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Figure 4-7. External Data in the Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Figure 4-8. Analysis Format Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Figure 4-9. Qualified Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Figure 5-1. Timing Interface Main Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Figure 5-2. Timing Label Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Figure 5-3. Transitional Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Contents-5

Figure 5-4. Standard Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Figure 5-5. Glitch Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Figure 5-6. Pattern Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Figure 5-7. Edge Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Figure 5-8. Glitch Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Figure 5-9. Timing Waveform Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Figure 6-1. Cross Trigger Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Figure 6-2. Receiving External Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Figure 6-3. Using One Analyzer to Arm the Other . . . . . . . . . 6-8
6-Contents

1
Introducing the HP 64700 Series Analyzer
Overview This manual describes the HP 64700 Series analyzer. Each HP 64700
Series emulator contains an internal emulation analyzer. Some
emulators may optionally contain an external analyzer.
The emulation analyzer, also known as the internal analyzer, captures
emulator bus cycle information synchronously with the processor’s
clock signal. A trace is a collection of these captured states. The
trigger state specifies when the trace measurement is taken. The
external analyzer captures activity on signals external to the emulator,
typically other target system signals.
The analyzer commands are the same in every emulator; consequently,
this manual is shipped with every HP 64700 Series emulator ordered
with the PC Interface. A block diagram of the analyzer is shown in
figure 1-1.
Introduction 1-1

Figure 1-1. Block Diagram of HP 64700 Series Analyzer
1-2 Introduction

Analyzer Features This chapter lists basic features of the HP 64700 Series analyzer. The
chapters which follow show you how to use these features.
Simple Measurements The default condition of the analyzer allows you to perform a simple
measurement by entering a single "analysis begin" command. You can
enter additional trace commands to qualify when execution should be
traced and which bus cycle states should be stored.
Trace Storage,
Prestore, and Count The analyzer can store up to 1024 states in trace memory. These states
can be normal storage states or prestore states (states which precede
normal storage states). A count may be associated with normal storage
states; you can specify that the analyzer count in either time or the
occurrences of some state. When counts are specified, only 512 states
can be stored.
Sequencer You can use the analyzer to search for a particular sequence of states.
The sequencer, which makes this possible, has several levels. Each
level of the sequencer searches for a "find" or "trigger" state. When the
find/trigger state is captured, the analyzer goes on searching at the
following sequence level. If branches are turned on, a "branch" state is
also searched for in each sequence level. If the branch state is found
before the find/trigger state, the analyzer can jump to any sequence
level where it continues searching for states.
External Analysis Your HP 64700 Series emulator may optionally contain an external
analyzer. The external analyzer provides 16 external trace signals and
two external clock inputs. You can use the external analyzer as an
extension to the emulation analyzer, as an independent state analyzer,
or as an independent timing analyzer.
Introduction 1-3

External Timing
Analysis If your emulator contains an external analyzer, you can configure the
external analyzer to perform timing measurements. Some of the
features of the external timing analyzer are listed below.
Standard data acquisition mode with a maximum sample rate
of 100 MHz (10 ns).
Transitional data acquisition mode extends the storage time
interval by storing only information changes and the time
between them.
Glitch data acquisition mode on all channels without reducing
the number of channels.
Trigger when signals on the external probe match a specified
pattern for greater than or less than a specified time (duration).
Edge and glitch qualifiers may be included in the trigger
specification.
You can place the trigger point at the start, center, or end of
the trace to view signals after, about, or before the trigger.
Timing Interface supports screen dumps to graphics printers
(for printing waveform displays).
Note The PC Interface requires EGA or VGA monitors and adapters to
display timing waveforms.
Note Two versions of the PC Interface are shipped with your emulator; one
contains interface software for the timing analyzer and the other does
not. The version that contains the timing interface software is larger
and requires most of the PC’s 640K bytes of RAM. The version that
does not contain the timing interface software requires approximately
480K bytes of RAM.
1-4 Introduction

Coordinated
Measurements When multiple HP 64700 Series emulators are connected via the
Coordinated Measurement Bus (CMB), you can use the analyzer to
trigger the analyzers of other emulators. You can also use the analyzer
to trigger instruments connected to the BNC port. Conversely, the
analyzer may be triggered by other emulators and instruments.
Also, if your emulator contains an external analyzer being used as an
independent analyzer, coordinated measurements may take place
between the internal emulation analyzer and the external analyzer.
Introduction 1-5

Notes
1-6 Introduction

2
Using the Internal Analyzer
Introduction This chapter describes how to use the emulation analyzer from within
the PC Interface. The steps performed when using the analyzer are:
Modifying the trace specification (or using the default).
Starting the trace.
Displaying the trace.
These steps are described in the main sections of this chapter.
Modifying the
Trace
Specification
The PC Interface’s "Analysis Trace Modify" command provides one
screen (with one subscreen) from which you make a complete trace
specifications. This section describes the options available on those
screens. To access the trace specification screen, select:
Analysis, Trace, Modify
Note If your emulator contains an external analyzer (which can operate as an
independent analyzer), you will have to include another option,
"Internal", to specify which analyzer the command is for.
The trace specification screen (see figure 2-1) shows the sequence
levels that are being used, the qualifiers associated with those levels,
Using the Analyzer 2-1

the secondary branch mode, the count and prestore qualifiers, and the
trigger position selection. When you initially enter the PC Interface, the
default analyzer configuration specifies a trigger on any state, and that
all captured states are stored.
Sequence Levels The trace specification screen in figure 2-1 shows two sequence levels.
At least two sequence levels will always be used because a trigger level
is required and there must always be a level after the trigger level.
Each sequence level in the trace specification screen, except the last,
has four associated fields; the sequence level field, the storage qualifier
field, the find/trigger state field, and the occurrence count field. Only
the sequence level field and the storage qualifier field are available in
the last sequence level.
When you begin (start) a trace, the analyzer searches for the
find/trigger state of the first sequence level; when that state is found,
the analyzer searches for the find/trigger state of the second sequence
level, and so on.
Figure 2-1. Trace Specification Screen
2-2 Using the Analyzer