HP 8414A Service manual

CERTIFICATION
Hewlett-Packard Company certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of
shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard further certifies that its calibration measurements are
traceable to the United States National Bureau of Standards, to the extent allowed by the Bureau’s
calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization
members.
WARRANTY
This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship
for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Com¬
pany will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP.
Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges to return the product to
Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to HP
from another country.
HP warrants that its software and firmware designated by HP for use with an instrument will execute
its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. HP does not warrant that the
operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance
by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation
outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or main¬
tenance.
NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IM¬
PLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HP
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSE¬
QUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL
THEORY.
ASSISTANCE
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Hewlett-
Packard products.
For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office. Addresses are
provided at the back of this manual.

8414A
POLAR DISPLAY
SERIAL NUMBERS
This manual applies directly to instruments with
serial numbers prefixed 981 and 1144A.
With changes described in Section VII, this manual
also applies to instruments with serial numbers pre¬
fixed 936 and 940.
For additional important information concerning
serial numbers, see INSTRUMENTS COVERED
BY MANUAL in Section I.
This manual does not apply to serial numbers pre¬
fixed 933 and below.
Copyright HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 1970
1501 PAGE MILL ROAD, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A.
MANUAL PART NO. 08414-90016
Microfiche Part No. 08414-90013
Printed SEPT. 1973
Whol HEWLETT
mLnM Packard

Table of Contents
Model 8414A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
I GENERAL INFORMATION .1-1
1-1. Description .1-1
1-4. Equipment Supplied .1-2
1-6. Instruments Covered by Manual. 1-2
1- 10. Options . 1-2
II INSTALLATION .2-1
2- 1. Initial Inspection.2-1
2-3. Repackaging for Shipment . . 2-1
2-4. Using Original Packaging . . 2-1
2-8. Using Other Packaging . . . 2-1
2-10. Preparation for Use.2-1
2-11. Installation.2-1
2- 13. Power Requirements .... 2-1
III OPERATION .3-1
3- 1. Introduction.3-1
3-3. Panel Features .3-1
3-5. Measurement Procedures . . . 3-1
3-7. Operating Information .... 3-1
3-8. Polar Display of Reflection
Coefficient and Phase Angle . 3-1
3-10. High Resolution Display of
Reflection Coefficient Meas¬
urements .3-1
3-12. Polar Display of Return Loss . 3-3
3-15. Polar Display of Transmission
Measurements .3-3
3-20. Scattering Parameters Measure¬
ment .3-4
3-22. Polar Display of Normalized
Impedance and Admittance . 3-4
3-24. Alternate Smith Chart Over¬
lays .3-5
3-29. Marking Frequency on the
Display .3-5
3-31. Display Blanking .3-5 '
3-33. Increased Accuracy for Reflec¬
tion Measurements by Min¬
imizing Directivity Errors . 3-5
3-36. H26-8414A Polar Display ... 3-7
Section Page
IV PERFORMANCE TESTS .4-1
4-1. Introduction.4-1
4-4. Equipment Required .4-1
4-6. Test Record .4-1
4-8. Accuracy Test .4-3
4-9. Horizontal and Vertical Output
Tests .4-4
4- 10. Marker and Blanking Input Tests 4-4
V ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES ... 5-1
5- 1. Introduction.5-1
5-5. Factory Selected Components . 5-1
5-7. Equipment Required .5-1
5-9. Trace Alignment and Vertical
Gain Adjustment .5-4
5-10. Phase, Recorder Gain and
Pattern Shape Adjustments . 5-6
5-11. Astigmatism Adjustment . . . 5-8
5-12. Illumination Adjustment . . . 5-8
5-13. Intensity Adjustment.5-9
5-14. Manual Beam Centering Zero
Adjustment .5-10
5- 15. Phase Zero Adjustment .... 5-12
VI REPLACEABLE PARTS.6-1
6- 1. Introduction.6-1
6- 3. Ordering Information.6-1
VII MANUAL CHANGES .7-1
7- 1. Introduction.7-1
VIII SERVICE.8-1
8- 1. Introduction.8-1
8-3. Principles of Operation .... 8-1
8-5. Troubleshooting .8-1
8-7. Recommended Test Equipment . 8-1
8-9. Repair.. . 8-1
8-10. Part Location Aids .8-1
8-12. Circuit Board Repair .... 8-1
8-15. Component Replacement . . 8-1
8-17. Transistor Replacement . . . 8-2
8-19. Diode Replacement.8-2
8-21. Schematic Diagrams .8-3
li

Model 8414A
List of Illustrations
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
Title
Page
Figure
Title Page
1-1.
Model 8414A Polar Display ....
1-0
8-6.
Conversion of Typical Time-
8-8
3-1.
Model 8414A Front and Rear Panel
Amplitude Graph to Polar Graph .
Features .
3-2
8-7.
Polar Vector of Test Signal ....
8-8
3-2.
Return Loss Overlay .
3-3
8-8.
Horizontal and Vertical Vectors Re-
3-3.
Typical Smith Chart Display of Nor-
quired to Deflect CRT Beam . .
8-9
malized Impedance .
3-4
8-9.
Vector Graph of a Typical Test
8-9
3-4.
Smith Chart Plot of Admittance
Signal .
Point .
3-5
8-10.
Simplified Overall Block Diagram
8-9
3-5.
CRT Overlays .
3-6
8-11.
Test Point Locations .
8-11
3-6.
Measured Reflection Coefficient . .
3-7
8-12.
Detailed Block Diagram.
8-11
3-7.
Locus of Measured Reflection when
8-13.
Phase Shifter and Phase Detectors,
Load is Moved .
3-7 Component Identification ....
8-13
3-8.
Locus of Measured Reflection with
8-14.
Phase Shifter and Phase Detectors,
Directivity Cancelled .
3-7
Schematic Diagram .
8-13
3-9.
Reflection Coefficient Measurement
3-8
8-15.
Low Pass Filters and Horizontal and
3-10.
Transmission Measurement ....
3-10
Vertical Drivers, Component Iden-
3-11.
Typical Polar Displays During Initial tification .
8-15
Calibration Adjustment.
3-11
8-16.
Low Pass Filters and Horizontal and
3-12.
Model 8414A-H26 Polar Display and
Vertical Drivers, Schematic
Automatic System Interface Block
3-12
Diagram .
8-15
Diagram.
8-17.
Intensity Modulator, Component
4-1.
Performance Test Equipment Setup .
4-2
Identification .
8-17
5-1.
Setup for Trace Alignment and Vert-
8-18.
Intensity Modulator, Schematic Di-
ical Gain Adjustment .
5-5
agram .
8-17
5-2.
Setup for Phase, Recorder Gain and
8-19.
CRT High and Low Voltage Supplies
Pattern Shape Adjustments . . .
5-7 and +150 Volt Supply, Component
5-3.
Setup for Manual Beam Centering
Identification .
8-19
Zero Adjustment .
5-11
8-20.
CRT High and Low Voltage Supplies
5-4.
Setup for Phase Zero Adjustment
5-13 and +150 Volt Supply, Schematic
6-1.
Cabinet Parts .
6-11
Diagram .
8-19
8-1.
Examples of Diode and Transistor
8-21.
Mainframe Plug-In Connector Detail
Marking Methods.
8-3
for H26-8414A.
8-20
8-2.
General Information on Schematic
8-22.
Mainframe Plug-In Connector Detail
Diagrams .
8-5
for Standard 8414A .
8-21
8-3.
Schematic Diagram Notes.
8-6
8-23.
Interconnection Diagram .
8-21
8-4.
Setup for Troubleshooting ....
8-7
8-24.
Location of Adjustments, Chassis-
8-5.
Phase and Amplitude Relationship of
8-8
mounted Parts and Major Assem-
Typical Reference and Test Signals
blies.
8-23
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title
Page
Table
Title
Page
1-1.
Specifications .
1-1
6-3.
Parts List Indexed by HP Part Num-
4-1.
Recommended Test Equipment
4-1
ber .
6-12
4-2.
Performance Test Record ....
4-5
6-4.
Code List of Manufacturers ....
6-15
5-1.
Recommended Test Equipment
5-2
8-1.
Recommended Test Equipment . .
8-0
5-2.
Adjustment Controls and Functions
5-3
8-2.
Printed Circuit Soldering Equipment
8-2
6-1.
Reference Designations and Abbrevi
8-3.
Ohmmeters Used for Transistor Test-
ations .
6-1
ing .
8-4
6-2.
Parts List Indexed by Reference Des
8-4.
Out-of-Circuit Transistor Testing
8-5
ignation .
6-2
8-5.
Intensity Modulator DC Voltage
Measurements .
8-16
iii

Section I
General Information
Model 8414A

Model 8414A
Section I
General Information
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. DESCRIPTION.
1-2. The Hewlett-Packard Model 8414A Polar Dis¬
play (Figure 1-1) is a plug-in display unit for
Hewlett-Packard Model 8410A and Model 8407A
Network Analyzers. It displays, in polar form on a
five-inch CRT, the relative phase and magnitude of
the signals applied to the Network Analyzer.
1-3. The CRT’s internal graticule has five circular
magnitude divisions and 36 radial ten-degree phase
divisions. Full scale magnitude calibration is deter¬
mined by controls on the Network Analyzer. The
internal graticule, augmented by a set of snap-on
overlays, allows the display to be read directly in
reflection coefficient, impedance or return loss for
maximum convenience in viewing and photo¬
graphing displays. An additional convenience for
photographing displays is provided by panel-
controlled, internal graticule illumination elimi¬
nating the need for an ultraviolet light source in
the camera. A beam centering pushbutton, in con¬
junction with continuous action positioning con¬
trols, permits easy initial calibration and accuracy¬
improving offset adjustments. Rear-panel blanking
and marker inputs accept externally-generated
signals for between sweep display blanking and for
frequency marking by beam brightening. The hori¬
zontal and vertical components of the polar display
are available at separate rear-panel outputs for driv¬
ing external displays such as X-Y graphic recorders.
The polar display is fully transistorized, except for
the CRT, and is powered by the Network Analyzer
mainframe. Complete specifications are given in
Table 1-1.
Table 1-1. Specifications
Range: Normalized polar coordinate display;
magnitude calibration 20 percent of full
scale per division. Scale factor is a function
of gain setting on Network Analyzer. Max¬
imum scale factor 10, minimum 0.0316.
Phase is calibrated in ten-degree increments
over 360-degree range.
Accuracy: Error circle on CRT less than 3 mm
radius.
Output: Two dc outputs provide horizontal and '
vertical components of polar quantity. For
full scale deflection output is nominally
±2.5 volts, source impedance less than 100
ohms, minimum bandwidth (3 dB) 10 kHz.
Drift: CRT, <±0.2 mm/°C; auxiliary outputs,
<±10 mV/°C.
Beam Center: Pressing BEAM CTR pushbutton
simulates zero signal input to test channel
and allows convenient beam position adjust¬
ment for reference.
CRT: Five-inch, 5-kV post accelerator tube
with P-2 phosphor and internal polar
graticule.
Marker Input (rear panel): Accepts frequency
marker output pulse from HP 8690-series or
690-series Sweep Oscillators, -5 volts peak.
Trace is brightened for duration of marker
pulse.
Blanking Input (rear panel): Accepts -4 volt
blanking pulse from HP 8690-series and
690-series Sweep Oscillators to blank re¬
trace during sweep operation.
Background Illumination: Controls intensity of
CRT background illumination for photog¬
raphy. Eliminates need for ultraviolet light
source in oscilloscope camera when photo¬
graphing internal graticule.
Power: Additional 35 watts supplied by Net¬
work Analyzer.
Weight: Net, 11 lb (4,9 kg).
Dimensions: 6 in. high, 15-9/16 in. deep, 7-9/32
in. wide (15,2 x 39, 5 x 18, 6 cm), exclud¬
ing front panel knobs.
1-1

Section I
General Information
Model 8414A
1-4. EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED.
1-5. The Polar Display has 16 chart overlays
provided as accessories, 12 Smith Chart and four
return loss overlays. These overlays are plastic
sheets that snap onto the face of the CRT. Three
different Smith Chart scale factors are used and
four different styles of each scale are supplied for
different applications (refer to Figure 3-5).
1-6. INSTRUMENTS COVERED BY MANUAL
1-7. This instrument has a two-part serial number.
The first four digits and the letter comprise the
serial number prefix. The last five digits form the
sequential suffix that is unique to each instrument.
The contents of this manual apply directly to in¬
struments having the same serial number prefix(es)
as listed under SERIAL NUMBERS on the title
page.
1-8. An instrument manufactured after the print¬
ing of this manual may have a serial prefix that is
not listed on the title page. This unlisted serial pre¬
fix indicates that the instrument is different from
those documented in this manual. The manual for
this instrument is supplied with a yellow Manual
Changes supplement that contains “change inform¬
ation” that documents the differences.
1-9. For information concerning a serial number
prefix not listed on the title page or in the Manual
Changes supplement, contact your nearest Hewlett-
Packard office.
1-10. OPTION
1-11. The Option H26 modification to the stand¬
ard 8414A Polar Display allows computerized
control of magnitude and phase data in the 8542A
series Automatic Network Analyzer systems. See
Figure 3-12 for further information.
1-2

Model 8414A
Section I
General Information
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
This product and related documentation must be
reviewed for familiarization with safety markings
and instructions before operation. This product has
been designed and tested in accordance with inter¬
national standards.
SAFETY SYMBOLS
SAFETY EARTH GROUND
This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a
protective earthing terminal). An uninterruptible
safety earth ground must be provided from the
main power source to the product input wiring ter¬
minals, power cord, or supplied power cord set.
Whenever it is likely that the protection has been
impaired, the product must be made inoperative
and be secured against any unintended operation.
Instruction manual symbol: the
product will be marked with this
symbol when it is necessary for
the user to refer to the instruc¬
tion manual (refer to Table of
Contents).
Indicates hazardous voltages.
Indicates earth (ground) terminal.
BEFORE APPLYING POWER
Verify that the product is configured to match the
available main power source per the input power
configuration instructions provided in this manual.
If this product is to be energized via an autotrans¬
former make sure the common terminal is con¬
nected to the neutral (grounded side of mains
supply).
WARNING
CAUTION
The WARNING sign denotes a
hazard. It calls attention to a
procedure, practice, or the like,
which, if not correctly performed
or adhered to, could result in
personal injury. Do not proceed
beyond a WARNING sign until
the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
The CAUTION sign denotes a
hazard. It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or
the like, which, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could
result in damage to or destruc¬
tion of part or all of the product.
Do not proceed beyond a CAU¬
TION sign until the indicated
conditions are fully understood
and met.
SERVICING
WARNING
Any servicing, adjustment, maintenance,
or repair of this product must be per¬
formed only by qualified personnel.
Adjustments described in this manual
may be performed with power supplied
to the product while protective covers
are removed. Energy available at many
points may, if contacted, result in per¬
sonal injury.
Capacitors inside this product may still
be charged even when disconnected from
its power source.
To avoid a fire hazard, only fuses with
the required current rating and of the
specified type (normal blow, time delay,
etc.) are to be used for replacement.
1-3/1-4

Model 8414A
Section II
Installation
SECTION II
INSTALLATION
2-1. INITIAL INSPECTION.
2-2. Inspect the instrument for shipping damage
as soon as it is unpacked. Check for broken knobs
and connectors; inspect cabinet and panel surfaces
for dents and scratches. Check electrical perform¬
ance using procedures in Section IV. If the instru¬
ment is damaged in any way, or fails to operate
properly, notify the carrier and your nearest
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office. In the
event of mechanical damage, the packing material
and carton should be held for carrier’s inspection.
For assistance of any kind, including instruments
under warranty, contact the nearest Hewlett-
Packard Sales Office.
2-3. REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT.
2-4. Using Original Packaging.
2-5. The same type containers and materials used
in factory packaging can be obtained through any
Hewlett-Packard office.
2-6. If the Model 8414A is being returned to
Hewlett-Packard for servicing, attach a tag indi¬
cating the type of service required, return address,
model number and full serial number. Also, mark
the container FRAGILE to assure careful handling.
2-7. In any correspondence refer to the instru¬
ment by model number and full serial number.
2-8. Using Other Packaging.
2-9. The following general instructions should be
used when repackaging with commercially-available
materials:
a. Wrap the 8414A in heavy paper or plastic.
(If shipping to a Hewlett-Packard serivce office or
center, attach a tag indicating the type of service
required, the return address, model number and
full serial number.)
b. Use a strong shipping container. A double¬
wall carton made of 350 pound test material is
adequate.
c. Use enough shock-absorbing material
(three to four inch layer) around all sides of the
instrument to provide firm cushion and prevent
movement inside the container. Protect the control
panel with cardboard.
d. Seal the shipping container securely, and
mark it FRAGILE to assure careful handling.
e. In any correspondence refer to the instru¬
ment by model number and full serial number.
2-10. PREPARATION FOR USE.
2-11. Installation.
2-12. Instructions for installing the Polar Display
in the Network Analyzer mainframe are in the Net¬
work Analyzer Operating and Service manual.
2-13. Power Requirements.
2-14. The Polar Display obtains power from the
Network Analyzer mainframe through the rear
connector, when it is properly installed.
2-1