HP FlexFabric 7900 Series User manual
HP FlexFabric 7900 Switch Series
Fundamentals
Configuration Guide
Part number: 5998-4279
Software version: Release 2109
Document version: 6W100-20140122
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Contents
Using the CLI ································································································································································ 1
CLI views ············································································································································································1
Entering system view from user view······················································································································2
Returning to the upper-level view from any view ··································································································2
Returning to user view··············································································································································2
Accessing the CLI online help··········································································································································2
Using the undo form of a command ·······························································································································3
Entering a command·························································································································································4
Editing a command line···········································································································································4
Entering a text or string type value for an argument ····························································································4
Abbreviating commands··········································································································································5
Configuring and using command keyword aliases······························································································5
Configuring and using command hotkeys·············································································································6
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands ···············································································7
Understanding command-line error messages···············································································································7
Using the command history function ·······························································································································8
Controlling the CLI output·················································································································································8
Pausing between screens of output ························································································································9
Numbering each output line from a display command ·······················································································9
Filtering the output from a display command····································································································· 10
Saving the output from a display command to a file ························································································ 12
Viewing and managing the output from a display command effectively························································ 14
Saving the running configuration ································································································································· 14
Login overview ···························································································································································15
Logging in through the console port for the first device access··············································································16
Logging in to the CLI··················································································································································19
CLI overview ··································································································································································· 19
User lines································································································································································ 19
Login authentication modes·································································································································· 20
User roles ······························································································································································· 20
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 20
Logging in through the console port locally ················································································································ 21
Disabling authentication for console login ········································································································· 21
Configuring password authentication for console login ··················································································· 22
Configuring scheme authentication for console login ······················································································· 22
Configuring common AUX line settings ·············································································································· 23
Logging in through Telnet·············································································································································· 25
Configuring Telnet login on the device··············································································································· 25
Using the device to log in to a Telnet server ······································································································ 31
Logging in through SSH ················································································································································ 32
Configuring SSH login on the device·················································································································· 32
Using the device to log in to an SSH server······································································································· 34
Displaying and maintaining CLI login ························································································································· 35
Accessing the device through SNMP ·······················································································································36
Configuring SNMPv3 access········································································································································ 36
Configuring SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c access················································································································· 37
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Controlling user access··············································································································································37
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 38
Controlling Telnet/SSH logins ······································································································································ 38
Configuration procedures····································································································································· 38
Configuration example ········································································································································· 38
Controlling SNMP access·············································································································································· 39
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 39
Configuration example ········································································································································· 40
Configuring command authorization··························································································································· 41
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 41
Configuration example ········································································································································· 42
Configuring RBAC······················································································································································44
Overview········································································································································································· 44
Permission assignment ·········································································································································· 44
Assigning user roles ·············································································································································· 46
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 47
Configuration task list ···················································································································································· 47
Creating user roles························································································································································· 47
Configuring user role rules············································································································································ 47
Configuring feature groups··········································································································································· 48
Changing resource access policies······························································································································ 49
Changing the interface policy of a user role······································································································ 49
Changing the VLAN policy of a user role ·········································································································· 49
Assigning user roles······················································································································································· 49
Enabling the default user role function················································································································ 50
Assigning user roles to remote AAA authentication users ················································································ 50
Assigning user roles to local AAA authentication users···················································································· 50
Assigning user roles to non-AAA authentication users on user lines ······························································· 51
Configuring temporary user role authorization ·········································································································· 51
Configuration guidelines ······································································································································ 51
Configuring user role authentication··················································································································· 53
Obtaining temporary user role authorization ···································································································· 53
Displaying RBAC settings ·············································································································································· 53
RBAC configuration examples······································································································································ 54
RBAC configuration example for local AAA authentication users ··································································· 54
RBAC configuration example for RADIUS authentication users ······································································· 55
RBAC configuration example for HWTACACS authentication users ······························································ 58
Troubleshooting RBAC··················································································································································· 62
Local users have more access permissions than intended ················································································ 62
Login attempts by RADIUS users always fail ······································································································ 63
Configuring FTP··························································································································································64
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 64
Using the device as an FTP server································································································································ 64
Configuring basic parameters ····························································································································· 65
Configuring authentication and authorization ··································································································· 65
Manually releasing FTP connections ··················································································································· 66
Displaying and maintaining the FTP server ········································································································ 66
FTP server configuration example in standalone mode····················································································· 66
FTP server configuration example in IRF mode ·································································································· 68
Using the device as an FTP client································································································································· 69
Establishing an FTP connection···························································································································· 69
Managing directories on the FTP server ············································································································· 70
Working with files on the FTP server··················································································································· 70
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Changing to another user account ······················································································································ 71
Maintaining and troubleshooting the FTP connection ······················································································· 72
Terminating the FTP connection ··························································································································· 72
Displaying command help information··············································································································· 72
Displaying and maintaining FTP client························································································································· 72
FTP client configuration example in standalone mode······························································································· 73
FTP client configuration example in IRF mode ············································································································ 74
Configuring TFTP························································································································································76
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 76
Configuring the device as an IPv4 TFTP client ············································································································ 76
Managing the file system ··········································································································································78
Storage medium naming rules······································································································································ 78
File name formats··························································································································································· 78
Managing files ······························································································································································· 79
Displaying file information ··································································································································· 80
Displaying the contents of a text file ··················································································································· 80
Renaming a file······················································································································································ 80
Copying a file························································································································································ 80
Moving a file·························································································································································· 80
Compressing/decompressing a file ···················································································································· 81
Archiving/extracting files ····································································································································· 81
Deleting/restoring a file ······································································································································· 81
Deleting files from the recycle bin ······················································································································· 82
Calculating the digest of a file····························································································································· 82
Managing directories ···················································································································································· 82
Displaying directory information ························································································································· 82
Displaying the current working directory············································································································ 83
Changing the current working directory············································································································· 83
Creating a directory·············································································································································· 83
Removing a directory············································································································································ 83
Managing storage media ············································································································································· 83
Repairing a storage medium································································································································ 84
Formatting a storage medium ······························································································································ 84
Mounting or unmounting a storage medium ······································································································ 84
Partitioning a USB disk ········································································································································· 85
Setting the operation mode for files and folders ········································································································ 86
Managing configuration files····································································································································87
Overview········································································································································································· 87
Configuration types··············································································································································· 87
Startup configuration loading process ················································································································ 88
Configuration file formats····································································································································· 89
Startup configuration file selection ······················································································································ 89
Configuration file content organization and format ·························································································· 89
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 90
Enabling configuration encryption ······························································································································· 90
Saving the running configuration ································································································································· 90
Specifying a next-startup configuration file ················································································································· 91
Backing up the main next-startup configuration file to a TFTP server ······································································· 92
Restoring the main next-startup configuration file from a TFTP server ······································································ 92
Deleting a next-startup configuration file ····················································································································· 93
Displaying and maintaining configuration files ·········································································································· 93
iv
Upgrading software···················································································································································95
Overview········································································································································································· 95
Software types ······················································································································································· 95
Software file naming conventions························································································································ 96
Comware image redundancy and loading procedure ····················································································· 96
System startup process·········································································································································· 97
Upgrade methods ·························································································································································· 97
Upgrade procedure summary······································································································································· 97
Preparing for the upgrade ············································································································································ 98
Preloading the BootWare image to BootWare ·········································································································· 98
Specifying the startup image file and completing the upgrade (in standalone mode)··········································· 99
Specifying the startup image file and completing the upgrade (in IRF mode) ······················································100
Restoring or downgrading the BootWare image ·····································································································101
Displaying and maintaining software image settings ······························································································102
Software upgrade examples·······································································································································103
Software upgrade example (for standalone mode)·························································································103
Software upgrade example (for IRF mode)·······································································································103
Managing the device·············································································································································· 105
Configuring the device name ·····································································································································105
Setting the system time·················································································································································105
Specifying the system time source······························································································································106
Enabling displaying the copyright statement ············································································································106
Configuring banners····················································································································································107
Banner types ························································································································································107
Banner input modes ············································································································································107
Configuration procedure ····································································································································108
Rebooting the device ···················································································································································108
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································109
Rebooting devices immediately at the CLI ········································································································109
Scheduling a device reboot ·······························································································································109
Scheduling a task·························································································································································109
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································110
Configuration procedure ····································································································································110
Schedule configuration example ·······················································································································112
Disabling password recovery capability ···················································································································115
Setting the port status detection timer ························································································································115
Monitoring the CPU usage··········································································································································115
Setting memory alarm thresholds ·······························································································································117
Configuring the temperature alarm thresholds··········································································································118
Verifying and diagnosing transceiver modules ········································································································119
Verifying transceiver modules ····························································································································119
Diagnosing transceiver modules························································································································120
Displaying and maintaining device management configuration ············································································120
Using Python···························································································································································· 123
Entering the Python shell·····································································································································123
Executing a Python script····································································································································123
Python usage example·················································································································································123
Comware V7 extended Python API ······················································································································· 125
Importing and using the Comware V7 extended Python API··················································································125
Comware V7 extended Python API functions············································································································125
CLI class································································································································································125
Transfer class ·······················································································································································127
API get_self_slot···················································································································································128
v
API get_standby_slot ···········································································································································128
Using automatic configuration ······························································································································· 130
Understanding automatic configuration ····················································································································130
Overall automatic configuration process··········································································································130
Interface selection process··································································································································132
Automatic-configuration parameter acquisition process ·················································································133
Configuration file acquisition process···············································································································133
Deploying and configuring servers for automatic configuration·············································································135
DHCP server configuration guidelines ··············································································································136
HTTP server configuration guidelines ················································································································136
TFTP server configuration guidelines ·················································································································137
Support and other resources ·································································································································· 138
Contacting HP ······························································································································································138
Subscription service ············································································································································138
Related information······················································································································································138
Documents····························································································································································138
Websites·······························································································································································138
Conventions ··································································································································································139
Index ········································································································································································ 141
1
Using the CLI
At the command-line interface (CLI), you can enter text commands to configure, manage, and monitor
your device.
Figure 1 CLI example
You can use different methods to log in to the CLI, including through the console port, Telnet, and SSH.
For more information about login methods, see "Login overview."
CLI views
Commands are grouped in different views by function. To use a command, you must enter its view.
CLI views are hierarchically organized, as shown in Figure 2. Each view has a unique prompt, from which
you can identify where you are and what you can do. For example, the prompt [Sysname-vlan100]
shows that you are in VLAN 100 view and can configure attributes for that VLAN.
Figure 2 CLI views
VLAN view
Interface
view
System
view
User view
User line
view
Local user
view
2
You are placed in user view immediately after you log in to the CLI. The user view prompt is
<Device-name>, where Device-name indicates the device name. The device name is Sysname by default.
You can change it by using the sysname command.
In user view, you can do the following:
•Perform basic operations including display, debug, file management, FTP, Telnet, clock setting, and
reboot.
•Enter system view. The system view prompt is [Device-name].
In system view, you can do the following:
•Configure global settings (such as the daylight saving time, banners, and hotkeys) and some
functions.
•Enter different function views. For example, you can enter interface view to configure interface
parameters, enter VLAN view to add ports to the VLAN, and enter user line view to configure login
user attributes.
A function view might have child views.
To display all commands available in a view, enter a question mark (?) at the view prompt.
Entering system view from user view
Task Command
Enter system view. system-view
Returning to the upper-level view from any view
Task Command
Return to the upper-level view from any view. quit
Executing the quit command in user view terminates your connection to the device.
In public key view, use the peer-public-key end command to return to system view.
Returning to user view
To return directly to user view from any other view, use the return command or press Ctrl+Z.
Task Command
Return directly to user view. return
Accessing the CLI online help
The CLI online help is context sensitive. Enter a question mark at any prompt or in any position of a
command to display all available options.
To access the CLI online help, use one of the following methods:
3
•Enter a question mark at a view prompt to display the first keyword of every command available in
the view. For example:
<Sysname> ?
User view commands:
archive Archive configuration
backup Backup the startup configuration file to a TFTP server
boot-loader Set boot loader
…
•Enter a space and a question mark after a command keyword to display all available, subsequent
keywords and arguments.
{If the question mark is in the place of a keyword, the CLI displays all possible keywords, each
with a brief description. For example:
<Sysname> terminal ?
debugging Enable to display debugging logs on the current terminal
logging Display logs on the current terminal
monitor Enable to display logs on the current terminal
{If the question mark is in the place of an argument, the CLI displays the description of the
argument. For example:
<Sysname> system-view
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface ?
<1-4094> Vlan-interface interface number
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1 ?
<cr>
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1
<1-4094> is the value range for the argument. <cr> indicates that the command is complete
and you can press Enter to execute the command.
•Enter an incomplete keyword string followed by a question mark to display all keywords starting
with that string. For example:
<Sysname> f?
fdisk
fixdisk
format
free
ftp
<Sysname> display ftp?
ftp
ftp-server
ftp-user
Using the undo form of a command
Most configuration commands have an undo form for the following:
•Canceling a configuration.
•Restoring the default.
•Disabling a feature.
4
For example, the info-center enable command enables the information center. The undo info-center
enable command disables the information center.
Entering a command
When you enter a command, you can do the following:
•Use keys or hotkeys to edit the command line.
•Use abbreviated keywords or keyword aliases.
Editing a command line
To edit a command line, use the keys listed in Table 1 or the hotkeys listed in Table 2. When you are
finished, you can press Enter to execute the command.
The total length of a command line cannot exceed 512 characters, including spaces and special
characters.
Table 1 Command line editing keys
Ke
y
s Function
Common keys
If the edit buffer is not full, pressing a common key inserts a character at the
position of the cursor and moves the cursor to the right. The edit buffer can
store up to 511 characters. Unless the buffer is full, all common characters
that you enter before pressing Enter are saved in the edit buffer.
Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and moves the cursor back one
character.
Left arrow key (←) Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Right arrow key (→) Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Up arrow key (↑) Gets the previous history command.
Down arrow key (↓) Gets the next history command.
Tab
If you press Tab after entering part of a keyword, the system automatically
completes the keyword:
•If a unique match is found, the system displays the complete keyword.
•If there is more than one match, press Tab multiple times to pick the
keyword you want to enter.
•If there is no match, the system does not modify what you entered but
displays it again in the next line.
Entering a text or string type value for an argument
A text type argument value can contain printable characters other than the question mark (?).
A string type argument value can contain printable characters other than the following:
•Question mark (?).
•Quotation mark (").
•Backward slash (\).
5
•Space.
A specific argument might have more requirements. For more information, see the relevant command
reference.
To enter a printable character, you can enter the character or its ASCII code (in the range of 32 to 126).
Abbreviating commands
You can enter a command line quickly by entering incomplete keywords that uniquely identify the
complete command. In user view, for example, commands starting with an sinclude startup
saved-configuration and system-view. To enter the command system-view, you only need to type sy. To
enter the command startup saved-configuration, type st s.
You can also press Tab to complete an incomplete keyword.
Configuring and using command keyword aliases
The command keyword alias function allows you to replace the first keyword of a non-undo command or
the second keyword of an undo command with your preferred keyword when you execute the command.
For example, if you configure show as the alias for the display keyword, you can enter either show clock
or display clock to execute the display clock command.
Usage guidelines
•After you successfully execute a command by using a keyword alias, the system saves the keyword,
instead of its alias, to the running configuration.
•If a string you entered for a command partially matches an alias and a keyword, the command
indicated by the alias is executed. To execute the command indicated by the keyword, enter the
complete keyword.
•If a string you entered for a command partially matches multiple aliases, the system displays an
error message.
•If you enter a string that partially matches an alias and a keyword and press Tab, the keyword
indicated by the alias is displayed. Pressing Tab again displays the keyword.
Configuration procedure
To configure a command keyword alias:
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable the command keyword
alias function. command-alias enable By default, the command keyword
alias function is disabled.
3. Configure a command
keyword alias.
command-alias mapping
cmdkey alias
By default, no command keyword
alias is configured.
You must enter the cmdkey and alias
arguments in their complete form.
4. (Optional.) Display command
keyword alias information. display command-alias This command is available in any
view.
6
Configuring and using command hotkeys
The system defines the hotkeys shown in Table 2 and provides five configurable command hotkeys.
Pressing a command hotkey is the same as entering a command.
If a hotkey is also defined by the terminal software you are using to interact with the device, the terminal
software definition takes effect.
To configure a command hotkey:
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Assign a command
to a hotkey.
hotkey { ctrl_g | ctrl_l | ctrl_o |
ctrl_t | ctrl_u } command
By default:
•Ctrl+G is assigned the display
current-configuration command.
•Ctrl+L is assigned the display ip
routing-table command.
•Ctrl+O is assigned the undo debugging all
command.
•No command is assigned to Ctrl+T or
Ctrl+U.
3. (Optional.) Display
hotkeys. display hotkey Available in any view.
Table 2 System-reserved hotkeys
Hotke
y
Function
Ctrl+A Moves the cursor to the beginning of a line.
Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Ctrl+C Stops the current command.
Ctrl+D Deletes the character at the cursor.
Ctrl+E Moves the cursor to the end of a line.
Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Ctrl+H Deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+K Aborts the connection request.
Ctrl+R Redisplays the current line.
Ctrl+V Pastes text from the clipboard.
Ctrl+W Deletes the word to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+X Deletes all characters to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+Y Deletes all characters to the right of the cursor.
Ctrl+Z Returns to user view.
Ctrl+] Terminates the current connection.
Esc+B Moves the cursor back one word.
Esc+D Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the word.
7
Hotke
y
Function
Esc+F Moves the cursor forward one word.
Esc+N Moves the cursor down one line. This hotkey is available before you press Enter.
Esc+P Moves the cursor up one line. This hotkey is available before you press Enter.
Esc+< Moves the cursor to the beginning of the clipboard.
Esc+> Moves the cursor to the ending of the clipboard.
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands
Your input might be interrupted by system information output. If redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted
commands is enabled, the system redisplays your input after finishing the output. You can then continue
entering the command line.
To enable redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable redisplaying
entered-but-not-submit
ted commands.
info-center synchronous
By default, the system does not redisplay
entered-but-not-submitted commands.
For more information about this command, see
Network Management and Monitoring
Command Reference.
Understanding command-line error messages
After you press Enter to submit a command, the command line interpreter examines the command syntax.
•If the command passes syntax check, the CLI executes the command.
•If the command fails syntax check, the CLI displays an error message.
Table 3 Common command-line error messages
Error messa
g
e Cause
% Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
The keyword in the marked position is invalid.
% Incomplete command found at '^' position. One or more required keywords or arguments are
missing.
% Ambiguous command found at '^' position. The entered character sequence matches more than one
command.
% Too many parameters. The entered character sequence contains excessive
keywords or arguments.
% Wrong parameter found at '^' position. The argument in the marked position is invalid.
8
Using the command history function
The system automatically saves commands successfully executed by a login user to two command history
buffers:
•Command history buffer for the user line.
•Command history buffer for all user lines.
Table 4 Comparison between the two types of command history buffers
Item Command history buffer for a user line Command history buffer for all
user lines
What kind of
commands are stored
in the buffer?
Commands successfully executed by the
current user of the user line.
Commands successfully executed by
all login users.
Cleared when the user
logs out? Yes. No.
How to view buffered
commands? Use the display history-command command.
Use the display history-command all
command.
How to call buffered
commands?
•In Windows 200xor Windows XP
HyperTerminal or Telnet, use the up or
down arrow key (↑or ↓) to navigate to a
command in the buffer and press Enter to
execute the command again.
•In Windows 9xHyperTerminal, use Ctrl+P
and Ctrl+N to do so.
You cannot call buffered commands.
How to set the buffer
size?
Use the history-command max-size
size-value command in user line view to set
the buffer size.
By default, the buffer can store up to 10
commands.
You cannot set the buffer size.
By default, the buffer can store up to
1024 commands.
How to disable the
buffer?
Setting the buffer size to 0 disables the
buffer. You cannot disable the buffer.
The system follows these rules when buffering commands:
•Buffering a command in the exact format in which the command was entered. For example, if you
enter an incomplete command, the buffered command is also incomplete. If you enter a command
with a command keyword alias, the buffered command also uses the alias.
•If you enter a command in the same format multiple times in succession, the system buffers the
command only once. If you enter a command in different formats multiple times, the system buffers
each command format. For example, display cu and display current-configuration are buffered as
two entries but successive repetitions of display cu create only one entry.
•To buffer a new command when a buffer is full, the system deletes the oldest command entry in the
buffer.
Controlling the CLI output
This section describes the CLI output control features that help you identify the desired output.
9
Pausing between screens of output
The system automatically pauses after displaying a screen if the output is too long to fit on one screen.
You can use the keys described in "Output controlling keys" to display more information or stop the
display.
By default, up to 24 lines can be displayed on a screen. You can change the limit by using the
screen-length screen-length command. For more information about this command, see Fundamentals
Command Reference.
You can also disable pausing between screens of output for the current session. Then, all output is
displayed at one time and the screen is refreshed continuously until the final screen is displayed.
Output controlling keys
Ke
y
s Function
Space Displays the next screen.
Enter Displays the next line.
Ctrl+C Stops the display and cancels the command execution.
<PageUp> Displays the previous page.
<PageDown> Displays the next page.
Disabling pausing between screens of output
To disable pausing between screens of output, execute the following command in user view:
Task Command Remarks
Disable pausing
between screens of
output for the current
session.
screen-length disable
The default for a session depends on the setting of the
screen-length command in user line view. The default of the
screen-length command is pausing between screens of
output and displaying up to 24 lines on a screen.
This command is a one-time command and takes effect only
for the current session.
Numbering each output line from a display command
You can use the | by-linenum option to prefix each display command output line with a number for easy
identification.
Each line number is displayed as a 5-character string and might be followed by a colon (:) or hyphen (-).
If you specify the | by-linenum option and the | begin regular-expression option for a display command,
a hyphen is displayed for all lines that do not match the regular expression.
To number each output line from a display command:
Task Command
Number each output line from a display command. display command |by-linenum
For example:
10
# Display information about VLAN 999, numbering each output line.
<Sysname> display vlan 999 | by-linenum
1: VLAN ID: 999
2: VLAN type: Static
3: Route interface: Configured
4: IP address: 192.168.2.1
5: Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
6: Description: For LAN Access
7: Name: VLAN 0999
8: Tagged ports: None
9: Untagged ports:
10: FortyGigE1/0/1
Filtering the output from a display command
You can use the | { begin | exclude | include } regular-expression option to filter the display command
output:
•begin—Displays the first line matching the specified regular expression and all subsequent lines.
•exclude—Displays all lines not matching the specified regular expression.
•include—Displays all lines matching the specified regular expression.
•regular-expression—A case-sensitive string of 1 to 256 characters, which can contain the special
characters described in Table 5.
The filtering operation takes time. The more complicated the regular expression is, the longer the filtering
operation takes. To stop the operation, press Ctrl+C.
Table 5 Special characters supported in a regular expression
Characters Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
^ Matches the beginning of a line. "^user" matches all lines beginning with "user". A
line beginning with "Auser" is not matched.
$ Matches the end of a line. "user$" matches all lines ending with "user". A line
ending with "userA" is not matched.
. (period) Matches any single character. ".s" matches "as" and "bs".
* Matches the preceding character or
string zero, one, or multiple times.
"zo*" matches "z" and "zoo", and "(zo)*"
matches "zo" and "zozo".
+ Matches the preceding character or
string one or multiple times. "zo+" matches "zo" and "zoo", but not "z".
| Matches the preceding or succeeding
string.
"def|int" matches a string containing "def" or
"int".
( )
Matches the string in the parentheses,
usually used together with the plus sign
(+) or asterisk sign (*).
"(123A)" matches "123A".
"408(12)+" matches "40812" and
"408121212", but not "408".
11
Characters Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
\N
Matches the preceding strings in
parentheses, with the Nth string
repeated once.
"(string)\1" matches a string containing
"stringstring".
"(string1)(string2)\2" matches a string containing
"string1string2string2".
"(string1)(string2)\1\2" matches a string
containing " string1string2string1string2".
[ ] Matches a single character in the
brackets.
"[16A]" matches a string containing 1, 6, or A;
"[1-36A]" matches a string containing 1, 2, 3, 6,
or A (- is a hyphen).
To match the character "]", put it immediately after
"[", for example, []abc]. There is no such limit on
"[".
[^] Matches a single character that is not
in the brackets.
"[^16A]" matches a string that contains at least
one character other than 1, 6, or A, such as "abc".
A match can also contain 1, 6, or A (such as
"m16"), but it cannot contain these three
characters only (such as 1, 16, or 16A).
{n}
Matches the preceding character n
times. The number nmust be a
nonnegative integer.
"o{2}" matches "food", but not "Bob".
{n,}
Matches the preceding character n
times or more. The number nmust be a
nonnegative integer.
"o{2,}" matches "foooood", but not "Bob".
{n,m}
Matches the preceding character nto
mtimes or more. The numbers nand m
must be nonnegative integers and n
cannot be greater than m.
" o{1,3}" matches "fod", "food", and "foooood",
but not "fd".
\<
Matches a string that starts with the
pattern following \<. A string that
contains the pattern is also a match if
the characters preceding the pattern
are not digits, letters, or underscores.
"\<do" matches "domain" and "doa".
\>
Matches a string that ends with the
pattern preceding \>. A string that
contains the pattern is also a match if
the characters following the pattern
are not digits, letters, or underscores.
"do\>" matches "undo" and "cdo".
\b
Matches a word that starts with the
pattern following \b or ends with the
pattern preceding \b.
"er\b" matches "never", but not "verb" or "erase".
"\ber" matches "erase", but not "verb" or "never".
\B
Matches a word that contains the
pattern but does not start or end with
the pattern.
"er\B" matches "verb", but not "never" or "erase".
\w Same as [A-Za-z0-9_], matches a digit,
letter, or underscore. "v\w" matches "vlan" and "service".
\W
Same as [^A-Za-z0-9_], matches a
character that is not a digit, letter, or
underscore.
"\Wa" matches "-a", but not "2a" or "ba".
12
Characters Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
\
Escape character. If a special
character listed in this table follows \,
the specific meaning of the character is
removed.
"\\" matches a string containing "\", "\^"
matches a string containing "^", and "\\b"
matches a string containing "\b".
For example:
# Use |begin line in the display current-configuration command to match the first line of output that
contains line to the last line of output.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | begin line
line class aux
user-role network-admin
#
line class vty
user-role network-operator
#
line aux 1
user-role network-admin
#
line vty 0 63
authentication-mode scheme
user-role network-operator
#
ssh server enable
#
return
# Use | exclude Direct in the display ip routing-table command to filter out direct routes and display only
the non-direct routes.
<Sysname> display ip routing-table | exclude Direct
Destinations : 12 Routes : 12
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
2.2.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 1.1.2.2 FGE1/0/2
# Use | include snmp in the display current-configuration command to filter in entries that contain snmp.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | include snmp
snmp-agent
snmp-agent community write private
snmp-agent community read public
snmp-agent sys-info version all
snmp-agent target-host trap address udp-domain 192.168.1.26 params securityname public
Saving the output from a display command to a file
A display command shows certain configuration and operation information of the device. Its output
might vary over time or with user configuration or operation. You can save the output to a file for future
retrieval or troubleshooting.
13
Use one of the following methods to save the output from a display command:
•Save the output to a separate file. Use this method if you want to use one file for a single display
command.
•Append the output to the end of a file. Use this method if you want to use one file for multiple
display commands.
To save the output from a display command to a file, use one of the following commands in any view:
Task Command
Save the output from a display command to a separate file. display command > filename
Append the output from a display command to the end of a file. display command >> filename
For example:
# Save the VLAN 1 settings to a separate file named vlan.txt.
<Sysname> display vlan 1 > vlan.txt
# Verify whether the VLAN 1 settings are saved to file vlan.txt.
<Sysname> more vlan.txt
VLAN ID: 1
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0001
Name: VLAN 0001
Tagged ports: None
Untagged ports:
FortyGigE1/0/2
# Append the VLAN 999 settings to the end of file vlan.txt.
<Sysname> display vlan 999 >> vlan.txt
# Verify whether the VLAN 999 settings are appended to the end of file vlan.txt.
<Sysname> more vlan.txt
VLAN ID: 1
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0001
Name: VLAN 0001
Tagged ports: None
Untagged ports:
FortyGigE1/0/2
VLAN ID: 999
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Configured
IP address: 192.168.2.1
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Description: For LAN Access
Name: VLAN 0999
Tagged ports: None
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