HP HP 5120 series User manual
HP 5120 SI Switch Series
Fundamentals
Configuration Guide
Part number: 5998-1899
Software version: Release 1513
Document version: 6W100-20130830
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Contents
CLI configuration ·························································································································································· 1
FIPS compliance ································································································································································1
What is CLI? ······································································································································································1
Entering the CLI ·································································································································································2
Command conventions ·····················································································································································2
Undo form of a command················································································································································3
CLI view description··························································································································································3
Entering system view················································································································································4
Exiting the current view············································································································································4
Returning to user view··············································································································································4
Using the CLI online help ·················································································································································5
Typing commands·····························································································································································6
Editing command lines·············································································································································6
Typing incomplete keywords···································································································································6
Configuring command aliases ································································································································6
Configuring CLI hotkeys···········································································································································7
Redisplaying input but not submitted commands··································································································8
Checking command line errors········································································································································9
Using command history····················································································································································9
Accessing history commands ··································································································································9
Configuring the history buffer size ······················································································································ 10
Controlling the CLI display············································································································································ 10
Multi-screen display··············································································································································· 10
Filtering output information··································································································································· 11
Configuring user privilege and command levels ········································································································ 14
Configuring a user privilege level ······················································································································· 15
Switching user privilege level······························································································································· 18
Modifying the level of a command ····················································································································· 21
Saving the current configuration ·································································································································· 22
Displaying and maintaining CLI ··································································································································· 22
Login methods ····························································································································································23
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 23
Login methods································································································································································· 23
User interface overview················································································································································· 24
Users and user interfaces······································································································································ 24
Numbering user interfaces ··································································································································· 25
CLI login······································································································································································26
Overview········································································································································································· 26
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 26
Logging in through the console port ···························································································································· 26
Configuration requirements·································································································································· 27
Login procedure····················································································································································· 27
Console login authentication modes ··················································································································· 29
Configuring none authentication for console login ··························································································· 30
Configuring password authentication for console login ··················································································· 31
Configuring scheme authentication for console login ······················································································· 32
Configuring common settings for console login (optional) ··············································································· 34
Logging in through telnet··············································································································································· 36
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Telnet login authentication modes ······················································································································· 37
Configuring none authentication for telnet login ······························································································· 38
Configuring password authentication for telnet login ······················································································· 39
Configuring scheme authentication for telnet login ··························································································· 40
Configuring common settings for VTY user interfaces (optional)······································································ 44
Configuring the device to log in to a telnet server as a telnet client································································ 45
Logging in through SSH ················································································································································ 46
Configuring the SSH server·································································································································· 47
Configuring the SSH client to log in to the SSH server ····················································································· 50
Logging in through modems ········································································································································· 51
Configuration requirements·································································································································· 51
Login procedure····················································································································································· 51
Modem login authentication modes ···················································································································· 54
Configuring none authentication for modem login···························································································· 55
Configuring password authentication for modem login···················································································· 55
Configuring scheme authentication for modem login ······················································································· 56
Configuring common settings for modem login (optional)················································································ 59
Displaying and maintaining CLI login ························································································································· 62
Web login ··································································································································································63
Web login overview ······················································································································································ 63
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 64
Configuring HTTP login ················································································································································· 64
Configuring HTTPS login ··············································································································································· 65
Displaying and maintaining web login ······················································································································· 67
Web login example······················································································································································· 67
HTTP login example ·············································································································································· 67
HTTPS login example ············································································································································ 69
NMS login ··································································································································································72
NMS login overview······················································································································································ 72
Configuring NMS login················································································································································· 72
NMS login example······················································································································································· 74
User login control·······················································································································································75
User login control overview ·········································································································································· 75
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 75
Configuring login control over telnet users·················································································································· 75
Configuration preparation···································································································································· 75
Configuring source IP-based login control over telnet users ············································································· 76
Configuring source and destination IP-based login control over telnet users ················································· 76
Configuring source MAC-based login control over telnet users······································································· 77
Source MAC-based login control configuration example················································································· 77
Configuring source IP-based login control over NMS users······················································································ 78
Configuration preparation···································································································································· 78
Configuring source IP-based login control over NMS users············································································· 78
Source IP-based login control over NMS users configuration example ·························································· 79
Configuring source IP-based login control over web users ······················································································· 80
Configuration preparation···································································································································· 80
Configuring source IP-based login control over web users··············································································· 80
Logging off online web users ······························································································································· 81
Source IP-based login control over web users configuration example ···························································· 81
FTP configuration························································································································································83
FTP overview··································································································································································· 83
Introduction to FTP················································································································································· 83
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Operation of FTP ··················································································································································· 83
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 84
Configuring the FTP client ············································································································································· 84
Establishing an FTP connection···························································································································· 85
Operating the directories on an FTP server········································································································ 86
Operating the files on an FTP server ··················································································································· 86
Using another username to log in to an FTP server ··························································································· 87
Maintaining and debugging an FTP connection································································································ 88
Terminating an FTP connection ···························································································································· 88
FTP client configuration example························································································································· 88
Configuring the FTP server ············································································································································ 90
Configuring FTP server operating parameters···································································································· 90
Configuring authentication and authorization on the FTP server ····································································· 91
FTP server configuration example························································································································ 92
Displaying and maintaining FTP··································································································································· 93
TFTP configuration······················································································································································95
TFTP overview································································································································································· 95
Introduction to TFTP ··············································································································································· 95
Operation of TFTP ················································································································································· 95
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 96
Configuring the TFTP client············································································································································ 96
Displaying and maintaining the TFTP client ················································································································ 97
TFTP client configuration example································································································································ 97
File management························································································································································99
Managing files ······························································································································································· 99
Filename formats ··················································································································································· 99
Directory operations ····················································································································································100
Displaying directory information ·······················································································································100
Displaying the current working directory··········································································································100
Changing the current working directory···········································································································100
Creating a directory············································································································································100
Removing a directory··········································································································································101
File operations······························································································································································101
Displaying file information ·································································································································101
Displaying the contents of a file·························································································································101
Renaming a file····················································································································································101
Copying a file······················································································································································102
Moving a file························································································································································102
Deleting a file·······················································································································································102
Restoring a file from the recycle bin··················································································································102
Emptying the recycle bin ····································································································································102
Verifying file integrity··········································································································································103
Batch operations ··························································································································································103
Storage medium operations········································································································································103
Managing the space of a storage medium ······································································································103
Displaying and maintaining the NAND flash memory ···················································································104
Setting prompt modes··················································································································································105
Example for file operations ·········································································································································105
Configuration file management ····························································································································· 107
Configuration file overview·········································································································································107
Configuration types·············································································································································107
Configuration file format and content ···············································································································108
Startup configuration loading process ··············································································································108
iv
FIPS compliance ···························································································································································110
Saving the running configuration ·······························································································································110
Introduction ··························································································································································110
Enabling configuration file auto-save ················································································································110
Modes in saving the configuration····················································································································111
Using automatic configuration backup after a software upgrade ·································································111
Setting configuration rollback·····································································································································112
Configuration rollback ········································································································································112
Configuration task list ·········································································································································113
Configuring parameters for saving the running configuration ·······································································113
Enabling automatic saving of the running configuration ················································································114
Manually saving the running configuration······································································································115
Setting configuration rollback ····························································································································115
Specifying a startup configuration file to be used at the next system startup························································116
Backing up the startup configuration file···················································································································116
Deleting a startup configuration file to be used at the next startup ········································································117
Restoring a startup configuration file ·························································································································117
Displaying and maintaining a configuration file ······································································································118
Software upgrade configuration···························································································································· 119
Switch software overview············································································································································119
FIPS compliance ···························································································································································120
Software upgrade methods·········································································································································120
Upgrading the Boot ROM program through a system reboot·················································································120
Upgrading the boot file through a system reboot·····································································································122
Upgrading the boot file of an IRF member switch····································································································122
Software upgrade by installing hotfixes ····················································································································123
Basic concepts in hotfix ······································································································································123
Patch status···························································································································································124
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································126
One-step patch installation·································································································································127
Step-by-step patch installation····························································································································128
Step-by-step patch uninstallation························································································································128
Displaying and maintaining the software upgrade··································································································129
Software upgrade configuration examples ···············································································································129
Immediate upgrade configuration example ·····································································································129
Hotfix configuration example·····························································································································131
Device management ··············································································································································· 133
Device management overview····································································································································134
Configuring the device name ·····································································································································134
Configuring the system clock ······································································································································134
Configuring the system clock ·····························································································································134
Displaying the system clock································································································································135
Enabling displaying the copyright statement ············································································································138
Configuring banners····················································································································································138
Introduction to banners ·······································································································································138
Configuring banners ···········································································································································139
Banner configuration example···························································································································140
Configuring the exception handling method·············································································································140
Rebooting the device ···················································································································································141
Configuring scheduled tasks·······································································································································142
What is a scheduled task ···································································································································142
Configuring a scheduled task ····························································································································142
Configuring the detection timer ··································································································································144
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Configuring temperature alarm thresholds for a member device ···········································································145
Clearing the 16-bit interface indexes not used in the current system·····································································146
Disabling password recovery capability ···················································································································146
Identifying and diagnosing pluggable transceivers ·································································································147
Introduction to pluggable transceivers ··············································································································147
Identifying pluggable transceivers·····················································································································147
Diagnosing pluggable transceivers ···················································································································148
Displaying and maintaining device management configuration ············································································148
Support and other resources ·································································································································· 150
Contacting HP ······························································································································································150
Subscription service ············································································································································150
Related information······················································································································································150
Documents····························································································································································150
Websites·······························································································································································150
Conventions ··································································································································································151
Index ········································································································································································ 153
1
CLI configuration
This chapter includes these sections:
•What is CLI?
•Entering the CLI
•Command conventions
•Undo form of a command
•CLI view description
•Using the CLI online help
•Typing commands
•Checking command line errors
•Using command history
•Controlling the CLI display
•Configuring user privilege and command levels
•Saving the current configuration
•Displaying and maintaining CLI
FIPS compliance
The device supports the FIPS mode that complies with NIST FIPS 140-2 requirements. Support for features,
commands, and parameters might differ in FIPS mode and non-FIPS mode. For more information about
FIPS mode, see the Security Configuration Guide.
Unless otherwise noted, devices in the configuration examples are operating in non-FIPS mode.
What is CLI?
The command line interface (CLI) enables you to interact with your device by typing text commands. At
the CLI, you can instruct your device to perform a given task by typing a text command and then pressing
Enter. Compared with the graphical user interface (GUI) where you can use a mouse to perform
configurations, the CLI allows you to input more information in one command line.
2
Figure 1 CLI example
Entering the CLI
HP devices provide multiple methods for entering the CLI, such as through the console port, through telnet,
or through SSH. For more information, see "Logging in through the console port."
Command conventions
Command conventions help you understand command meanings. Commands in HP product manuals
comply with the conventions listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Command conventions
Convention Descri
p
tion
Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.
Italic Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.
[ ] Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are
optional.
{ x | y | ... }
Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from
which you select one.
[ x | y | ... ]
Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical
bars, from which you select one or none.
{ x | y | ... } *
Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by
vertical bars, from which you select at least one.
[ x | y | ... ] *
Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by
vertical bars, from which you select one choice, multiple choices, or none.
&<1-n> The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&)
sign can be entered 1 to n times.
# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.
NOTE:
The keywords of HP command lines are case insensitive.
3
Use the clock datetime time date command as an example to understand the meaning of the command
line parameters according to Figure 2.
Figure 2 Read command line parameters
For example, you can type the following command line at the CLI of your device and press Enter to set
the device system time to 10 o'clock 30 minutes 20 seconds, February 23, 2010.
<sysname> clock datetime 10:30:20 2/23/2010
You can read any command that is more complicated by referring to Table 1.
Undo form of a command
The undo form of a command restores the default, disables a function, or removes a configuration.
Almost all configuration commands have an undo form. For example, the info-center enable command
enables the information center, and the undo info-center enable command disables the information
center.
CLI view description
Commands are grouped into different classes by function. To use a command, you must enter the class
view of the command.
CLI views adopt a hierarchical structure. See Figure 3.
•After logging in to the switch, you are in user view. The prompt of user view is <device name>. In
user view, you can perform display, debugging, and file management operations, set the system
time, restart your device, and perform FTP and telnet operations.
•You can enter system view from user view. In system view, you can configure parameters such as
daylight saving time, banners, and short-cut keys.
•From system view, you can enter different function views. For example, enter interface view to
configure interface parameters, create a VLAN and enter its view, enter user interface view to
configure login user attributes, create a local user and enter local user view to configure the
password and level of the local user.
NOTE:
Enter ?in any view to display all the commands that can be executed in this view.
Boldface: Keywords Italic: Arguments.
Replace them with
actual values at the
CLI.
clock datetime time date
4
Figure 3 Command line views
Entering system view
When you log in to the device, you automatically enter user view, where <Device name> is displayed.
You can perform limited operations in user view, for example, display operations, file operations, and
Telnet operations. To perform further configuration for the device, enter system view.
Follow the step below to enter system view:
To do… Use the command…
Remarks
Enter system view system-view Required
Available in user view
Exiting the current view
The CLI is divided into different command views. Each view has a set of specific commands and defines
the effective scope of the commands. The commands available to you at any given time depend on the
view you are in.
Follow the step below to exit the current view:
To do… Use the command…
Remarks
Return to the parent view from the
current view quit Required
Available in any view.
NOTE:
•The quit command in user view stops the current connection between the terminal and the device.
•In public key code view, use the public-key-code end command to return to the parent view (public ke
y
view). In public key view, use the peer-public-key end command to return to system view.
Returning to user view
This feature allows you to return to user view from any other view, without using the quit command
repeatedly. You can also press Ctrl+Z to return to user view from the current view.
VLAN view
Interface
view
System
view
User view User
Interface
view
Local user
view
5
Follow the step below to exit to user view:
To do… Use the command…
Remarks
Return to user view return
Required
Available in any view except user
view
Using the CLI online help
Type a question mark (?) to obtain online help. See the following examples.
1. Type ?in any view to display all commands available in this view and brief descriptions of these
commands. For example:
<sysname> ?
User view commands:
archive Specify archive settings
backup Backup next startup-configuration file to TFTP server
boot-loader Set boot loader
bootrom Update/read/backup/restore bootrom
cd Change current directory
…Omitted…
2. Type part of a command and a ? separated by a space.
If ?is at the position of a keyword, the CLI displays all possible keywords with a brief description for each
keyword. For example:
<sysname> terminal ?
debugging Send debug information to terminal
logging Send log information to terminal
monitor Send information output to current terminal
trapping Send trap information to terminal
If ?is at the position of an argument, the CLI displays a description about this argument. For example:
<sysname> system-view
[sysname] interface vlan-interface ?
<1-4094> VLAN interface number
[sysname] interface vlan-interface 1 ?
<cr>
[sysname] interface vlan-interface 1
The string <cr> indicates that the command is a complete command, and you can execute the command
by pressing Enter.
3. Type an incomplete character string followed by a ?. The CLI displays all commands starting with
the typed character(s).
<sysname> c?
cd
clock
cluster
copy
<sysname> display cl?
clipboard
6
clock
cluster
Typing commands
Editing command lines
Table 2 lists some shortcut keys you can use to edit command lines.
Table 2 Editing functions
Ke
y
Function
Common keys If the edit buffer is not full, pressing a common key inserts the character at the
position of the cursor and moves the cursor to the right.
Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and moves the cursor back one
character.
Left arrow key or Ctrl+B The cursor moves one character space to the left.
Right arrow key or Ctrl+F The cursor moves one character space to the right.
Tab
If you press Tab after entering part of a keyword, the system automatically
completes the keyword:
•If finding a unique match, the system substitutes the complete keyword for
the incomplete one and displays it in the next line.
•If there is more than one match, you can press Tab repeatedly to display
in cycles all the keywords starting with the character string that you typed.
•If there is no match, the system does not modify the incomplete keyword
and displays it again in the next line.
Typing incomplete keywords
You can input a command comprising incomplete keywords that uniquely identify the complete
command.
In user view, for example, command system-view, to enter system view, type sy.
You can also press Tab to have an incomplete keyword automatically completed.
Configuring command aliases
The command keyword alias function allows you to replace the first keyword of a non-undo command or
the second keyword of an undo command with your preferred keyword when you execute the command.
For example, if you configure show as the alias for the display keyword, you can enter either show clock
or display clock to execute the display clock command.
Usage guidelines
•After you successfully execute a command by using a keyword alias, the system displays and saves
the keyword, instead of its alias.
•When you define a command alias, the cmdkey and alias arguments must be in their complete
form.
7
•If a string you entered partially matches a keyword and an alias, the command indicated by the
alias is executed. To execute the command indicated by the keyword, enter the complete keyword.
•If a string you entered exactly matches a keyword and partially matches an alias, the command
indicated by the keyword is executed. To execute the command indicated by the alias, enter the
complete alias.
•If you enter a string that partially matches multiple aliases, the system displays a prompt.
•If you press Tab after you input the keyword of an alias, the original format of the keyword is
displayed.
Configuration procedure
Follow these steps to configure command aliases:
To do… Use the command…
Remarks
Enter system view system-view —
Enable the command alias function command-alias enable
Required
Disabled by default, which means
you cannot configure command
aliases.
Configure a command alias command-alias mapping cmdkey
alias
Required
Not configured by default.
Configuring CLI hotkeys
Follow these steps to configure CLI hotkeys:
To do… Use the command…
Remarks
Enter system view system-view —
Configure CLI hotkeys
hotkey { CTRL_G | CTRL_L |
CTRL_O | CTRL_T | CTRL_U }
command
Optional
The Ctrl+G, Ctrl+L and Ctrl+O
hotkeys are specified at the CLI by
default.
Display hotkeys display hotkey Available in any view. See Table 3
for hotkeys reserved by the system.
NOTE:
By default, the Ctrl+G, Ctrl+L and Ctrl+O hotkeys are associated with pre-defined commands and the
Ctrl+T and Ctrl+U hotkeys are not.
•Ctrl+G corresponds to the display current-configuration command.
•Ctrl+L corresponds to the display ip routing-table command.
•Ctrl+O corresponds to the undo debugging all command.
Table 3 Hotkeys reserved by the system
Hotke
y
Function
Ctrl+A Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.
8
Hotke
y
Function
Ctrl+C Stops performing a command.
Ctrl+D Deletes the character at the current cursor position.
Ctrl+E Moves the cursor to the end of the current line.
Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Ctrl+H Deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+K Terminates an outgoing connection.
Ctrl+N Displays the next command in the history command buffer.
Ctrl+P Displays the previous command in the history command buffer.
Ctrl+R Redisplays the current line information.
Ctrl+V Pastes the content in the clipboard.
Ctrl+W Deletes all the characters in a continuous string to the left of the
cursor.
Ctrl+X Deletes all the characters to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+Y Deletes all the characters to the right of the cursor.
Ctrl+Z Exits to user view.
Ctrl+] Terminates an incoming connection or a redirect connection.
Esc+B Moves the cursor to the leading character of the continuous string to
the left.
Esc+D Deletes all the characters of the continuous string at the current
cursor position and to the right of the cursor.
Esc+F Moves the cursor to the front of the next continuous string to the
right.
Esc+N Moves the cursor down by one line (available before you press
Enter)
Esc+P Moves the cursor up by one line (available before you press Enter)
Esc+< Specifies the cursor as the beginning of the clipboard.
Esc+> Specifies the cursor as the ending of the clipboard.
NOTE:
The hotkeys in the table above are defined by the switch. If the same hotkeys are defined by the terminal
software that you use to interact with the switch, the hotkeys defined by the terminal software take effect.
Redisplaying input but not submitted commands
If your command input is interrupted by output system information, you can use this feature to redisplay
the previously input but not submitted commands.
Follow these steps to enable redisplaying of input but not submitted commands:
To do… Use the command… Remarks
Enter system view system-view —
9
To do… Use the command… Remarks
Enable redisplaying of input but
not submitted commands info-center synchronous Required
Disabled by default
NOTE:
•If you have no input at the command line prompt and the system outputs system information such as
logs, the system will not display the command line prompt after the output.
•If the system outputs system information when you are typin
g
interactive information (not YES/NO for
confirmation), the system will not redisplay the prompt information but a line break after the output and
then display what you have typed.
•For more information about the info-center synchronous command, see the
Network Mana
g
ement an
d
Monitoring Command Reference
.
Checking command line errors
If a command contains syntax errors, the CLI reports error information.
Table 4 Common command line errors
Error information
Cause
% Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
The command was not found.
% Incomplete command found at '^' position. Incomplete command
% Ambiguous command found at '^' position. Ambiguous command
Too many parameters Too many parameters
% Wrong parameter found at '^' position. Wrong parameters
Using command history
The CLI automatically saves the commands recently used in the history command buffer. You can access
and execute them again.
Accessing history commands
Follow a step below to access history commands:
To do… Use the ke
y
/command…
Result
Display history commands display history-command Displays valid history commands you
used
Display the previous history
command Up arrow key or Ctrl+P Displays the previous history command, if
any
Display the next history
command Down arrow key or Ctrl+N Displays the next history command, if any
10
NOTE:
You can use arrow keys to access history commands in Windows 200X and XP Terminal or Telnet.
However, the up and down arrow keys are invalid in Windows 9X HyperTerminal, because they are
defined differently. You can use Ctrl+P or Ctrl+N instead.
•The commands saved in the history command buffer are in the same format in which you typed the
commands. If you type an incomplete command, the command saved in the history command
buffer is also an incomplete one.
•If you execute the same command repeatedly, the switch saves only the earliest record. However, if
you execute the same command in different formats, the system saves them as different commands.
For example, if you execute the display cu command repeatedly, the system saves only one
command in the history command buffer. If you execute the command in the format of display cu
and display current-configuration respectively, the system saves them as two commands.
•By default, the CLI can save up to 10 commands for each user. To set the capacity of the history
command buffer for the current user interface, use the history-command max-size command. (For
more information about the history-command max-size command, see the Fundamentals
Command Reference.
Configuring the history buffer size
Follow these steps to configure the history buffer size:
To do… Use the command…
Remarks
Enter system view system-view —
Enter user interface view
user-interface { first-num1
[ last-num1 ] | { aux | vty }
first-num2 [ last-num2 ] }
—
Set the maximum number of
commands that can be saved in the
history buffer
history-command max-size
size-value
Optional
By default, the history buffer can
save up to 10 commands.
NOTE:
For more information about the user-interface and history-command max-size commands, see the
Fundamentals Command Reference
.
Controlling the CLI display
Multi-screen display
Controlling multi-screen display
If the output information spans multiple screens, each screen pauses after it is displayed. Perform one of
the following operations to proceed.
Action Function
Press Space Displays the next screen.
Press Enter Displays the next line.
11
Action Function
Press Ctrl+C Stops the display and the command execution.
Press <PageUp> Displays the previous page.
Press <PageDown> Displays the next page.
By default, each screen displays up to 24 lines. To change the maximum number of lines displayed on the
next screen, use the screen-length command. For more information about the screen-length command,
see the Fundamentals Command Reference.
Disabling multi-screen display
You can use the following command to disable the multi-screen display function. All of the output
information is displayed at one time and the screen is refreshed continuously until the last screen is
displayed.
To do… Use the command…
Remarks
Disable the multi-screen display
function screen-length disable
Required
By default, a login user uses the
settings of the screen-length
command. The default settings of the
screen-length command are:
multiple-screen display is enabled
and up to 24 lines are displayed on
the next screen.
This command is executed in user
view, and takes effect for the current
user only. When the user re-logs into
the switch, the default configuration
is restored.
Filtering output information
NOTE:
Only display commands that support | { begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression
] support filterin
g
output information. When the display commands support these parameters depends on your device
model.
Introduction
You can use regular expressions in display commands to filter output information.
The following methods are available for filtering output information:
•Input the begin, exclude, or include keyword plus a regular expression in the display command to
filter the output information.
•When the system displays the output information in multiple screens, use /, -or +plus a regular
expression to filter subsequent output information. /equals the keyword begin, -equals the
keyword exclude, and +equals the keyword include.
The following definitions apply to the begin, exclude, and include keywords:
•begin: Displays the first line that matches the specified regular expression and all lines that follow.
12
•exclude: Displays all lines that do not match the specified regular expression.
•include: Displays all lines that match the specified regular expression.
A regular expression is a case sensitive string of 1 to 256 characters. It supports the following special
characters.
Character Meanin
g
Remarks
^string Starting sign. string appears only at
the beginning of a line.
For example, regular expression "^user" only
matches a string beginning with "user", not
"Auser".
string$ Ending sign. string appears only at
the end of a line.
For example, regular expression "user$" only
matches a string ending with "user", not "userA".
.
Matches any single character, such
as a single character, a special
character, and a blank.
For example, ".s" matches "as" and "bs".
*
Matches the preceding character or
character group zero or multiple
times.
For example, "zo*" matches "z" and "zoo";
"(zo)*" matches "zo" and "zozo".
+
Matches the preceding character or
character group one or multiple
times
For example, "zo+" matches "zo" and "zoo", but
not "z".
| Matches the preceding or
succeeding character string
For example, "def|int" only matches a character
string containing "def" or "int".
_
If it is at the beginning or the end of a
regular expression, it equals ^ or $.
In other cases, it equals comma,
space, round bracket, or curly
bracket.
For example, "a_b" matches "a b" or "a(b"; "_ab"
only matches a line starting with "ab"; "ab_" only
matches a line ending with "ab".
-
It connects two values (the smaller
one before it and the bigger one
after it) to indicate a range together
with [ ].
For example, "1-9" means 1 to 9 (inclusive); "a-h"
means a to h (inclusive).
[ ] Matches a single character
contained within the brackets.
For example, [16A] matches a string containing
any character among 1, 6, and A; [1-36A] matches
a string containing any character among 1, 2, 3, 6,
and A (- is a hyphen).
"]" can be matched as a common character only
when it is put at the beginning of characters within
the brackets, for example [ ]string]. There is no such
limit on "[".
( ) A character group. It is usually used
with "+" or "*".
For example, (123A) means a character group
"123A"; "408(12)+" matches 40812 or
408121212. But it does not match 408.
13
Character Meanin
g
Remarks
\index
Repeats the character string
specified by the index. A character
string refers to the string within ()
before \. index refers to the
sequence number (starting from 1
from left to right) of the character
group before \. If only one character
group appears before \, index can
only be 1; if n character groups
appear before index, index can be
any integer from 1 to n.
For example, (string)\1 repeats string, and a
matching string must contain stringstring.
(string1)(string2)\2 repeats string2, and a
matching string must contain string1string2string2.
(string1)(string2)\1\2 repeats string1 and string2
respectively, and a matching string must contain
string1string2string1string2.
[^] Matches a single character not
contained within the brackets.
For example, [^16A] means to match a string
containing any character except 1, 6 or A, and the
matching string can also contain 1, 6 or A, but
cannot contain these three characters only. For
example, [^16A] matches "abc" and "m16", but
not 1, 16, or 16A.
\<string Matches a character string starting
with string.
For example, "\<do" matches word "domain" and
string "doa".
string\> Matches a character string ending
with string.
For example, "do\>" matches word "undo" and
string "abcdo".
\bcharacter2
Matches character1character2.
character1 can be any character
except number, letter or underline,
and \b equals [^A-Za-z0-9_].
For example, "\ba" matches "-a" with "-" being
character1, and "a" being character2, but it does
not match "2a" or "ba".
\Bcharacter
Matches a string containing
character, and no space is allowed
before character.
For example, "\Bt" matches "t" in "install", but not
"t" in "big top".
character1\w
Matches character1character2.
character2 must be a number, letter,
or underline, and \wequals
[^A-Za-z0-9_].
For example, "v\w" matches "vlan", with "v" being
character1, and "l" being character2. v\w also
matches "service", with "i" being character2.
\W Equals \b.
For example, "\Wa" matches "-a", with "-" being
character1, and "a" being character2, but does not
match "2a" or "ba".
\
Escape character. If a special
character listed in this table follows
\, the specific meaning of the
character is removed.
For example, "\\" matches a string containing "\",
"\^" matches a string containing "^", and "\\b"
matches a string containing "\b".
Example of filtering output information
1. Example of using the begin keyword
# Display the configuration from the line containing "user-interface" to the last line in the current
configuration (the output information depends on the current configuration).
<Sysname> display current-configuration | begin user-interface
user-interface aux 0
user-interface vty 0 15
authentication-mode none
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