Hpe Flexnetwork 10500 series User manual

HPE FlexNetwork 10500 Switch Series

Network Management and Monitoring

Configuration Guide

art number: 5200-1904a

Software

version: 10500-CMW710-R7557P01

Document version: 6W101-20171020

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Acknowledgments

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Contents

Using ping, tracert, and system debugging····················································1

Ping····································································································································································1

Using a ping command to test network connectivity··················································································1

Ping example ·············································································································································1

Tracert································································································································································3

Prerequisites··············································································································································4

Using a tracert command to identify failed or all nodes in a path·······························································4

Tracert example·········································································································································4

System debugging ·············································································································································6

Debugging information control switches ····································································································6

Debugging a feature module······················································································································6

Configuring NQA ···························································································8

Overview····························································································································································8

NQA operation ···········································································································································8

Collaboration··············································································································································9

Threshold monitoring ·································································································································9

NQA configuration task list·······························································································································10

Configuring the NQA server·····························································································································10

Enabling the NQA client···································································································································11

Configuring NQA operations on the NQA client·······························································································11

NQA operation configuration task list·······································································································11

Configuring the ICMP echo operation······································································································12

Configuring the ICMP jitter operation·······································································································13

Configuring the DHCP operation··············································································································13

Configuring the DNS operation················································································································14

Configuring the FTP operation·················································································································15

Configuring the HTTP operation ··············································································································16

Configuring the UDP jitter operation ········································································································17

Configuring the SNMP operation ·············································································································18

Configuring the TCP operation·················································································································19

Configuring the UDP echo operation ·······································································································20

Configuring the UDP tracert operation·····································································································20

Configuring the voice operation ···············································································································22

Configuring the DLSw operation··············································································································24

Configuring the path jitter operation·········································································································24

Configuring optional parameters for the NQA operation··········································································25

Configuring the collaboration feature·······································································································26

Configuring threshold monitoring·············································································································27

Configuring the NQA statistics collection feature·····················································································30

Configuring the saving of NQA history records························································································30

Scheduling the NQA operation on the NQA client ···················································································31

Configuring NQA templates on the NQA client································································································31

NQA template configuration task list········································································································32

Configuring the ICMP template················································································································32

Configuring the DNS template ·················································································································33

Configuring the TCP template··················································································································34

Configuring the TCP half open template··································································································35

Configuring the UDP template ·················································································································36

Configuring the HTTP template················································································································37

Configuring the HTTPS template·············································································································38

Configuring the FTP template··················································································································39

Configuring the RADIUS template ···········································································································40

Configuring the SSL template··················································································································41

Configuring optional parameters for the NQA template···········································································42

Displaying and maintaining NQA ·····················································································································43

NQA configuration examples ···························································································································43

ICMP echo operation configuration example···························································································43

ICMP jitter operation configuration example····························································································45

DHCP operation configuration example···································································································47

DNS operation configuration example ·····································································································48

FTP operation configuration example······································································································50

HTTP operation configuration example····································································································51

UDP jitter operation configuration example······························································································52

SNMP operation configuration example···································································································54

TCP operation configuration example······································································································56

UDP echo operation configuration example·····························································································57

UDP tracert operation configuration example··························································································58

Voice operation configuration example····································································································60

DLSw operation configuration example ···································································································62

Path jitter operation configuration example······························································································63

NQA collaboration configuration example································································································65

ICMP template configuration example·····································································································67

DNS template configuration example·······································································································68

TCP template configuration example·······································································································69

TCP half open template configuration example·······················································································70

UDP template configuration example·······································································································70

HTTP template configuration example·····································································································71

HTTPS template configuration example ··································································································72

FTP template configuration example ·······································································································72

RADIUS template configuration example·································································································73

SSL template configuration example ·······································································································74

Configuring NTP··························································································76

How NTP works ·······································································································································76

NTP architecture······································································································································77

Association modes···································································································································78

NTP security·············································································································································80

NTP for MPLS L3VPN instances ·············································································································81

Protocols and standards ··························································································································82

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·········································································································82

Configuration task list·······································································································································82

Enabling the NTP service·································································································································82

Configuring NTP association mode··················································································································82

Configuring NTP in client/server mode ····································································································83

Configuring NTP in symmetric active/passive mode················································································83

Configuring NTP in broadcast mode········································································································84

Configuring NTP in multicast mode··········································································································85

Configuring access control rights·····················································································································85

Configuring NTP authentication·······················································································································86

Configuring NTP authentication in client/server mode·············································································86

Configuring NTP authentication in symmetric active/passive mode ························································88

Configuring NTP authentication in broadcast mode·················································································90

Configuring NTP authentication in multicast mode··················································································92

Configuring NTP optional parameters··············································································································94

Specifying the source interface for NTP messages·················································································94

Disabling an interface to receive NTP messages ····················································································95

Configuring the maximum number of dynamic associations····································································95

Setting a DSCP value for NTP packets····································································································96

Configuring the local clock as a reference source ···························································································96

Displaying and maintaining NTP······················································································································97

NTP configuration examples····························································································································97

NTP client/server mode configuration example ·······················································································97

IPv6 NTP client/server mode configuration example···············································································98

NTP symmetric active/passive mode configuration example···································································99

IPv6 NTP symmetric active/passive mode configuration example·························································100

NTP broadcast mode configuration example·························································································102

NTP multicast mode configuration example···························································································103

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IPv6 NTP multicast mode configuration example ··················································································106

Configuration example for NTP client/server mode with authentication·················································109

Configuration example for NTP broadcast mode with authentication····················································110

Configuration example for MPLS L3VPN network time synchronization in client/server mode·············113

Configuration example for MPLS L3VPN network time synchronization in symmetric active/passive mode

·······························································································································································114

Configuring SNTP······················································································117

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······································································································117

Enabling the SNTP service····························································································································117

Specifying an NTP server for the device········································································································117

Configuring SNTP authentication···················································································································118

Displaying and maintaining SNTP··················································································································119

SNTP configuration example ·························································································································119

Network requirements····························································································································119

Configuration procedure·························································································································119

Configuring SNMP·····················································································121

SNMP framework···································································································································121

MIB and view-based MIB access control·······························································································121

SNMP operations···································································································································122

Protocol versions····································································································································122

Access control modes····························································································································122

FIPS compliance············································································································································122

Configuring SNMP basic parameters·············································································································123

Configuring SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c basic parameters············································································123

Configuring SNMPv3 basic parameters·································································································125

Configuring SNMP logging·····························································································································129

Configuring SNMP notifications ·····················································································································130

Enabling SNMP notifications··················································································································130

Configuring the SNMP agent to send notifications to a host··································································130

Displaying the SNMP settings························································································································132

SNMPv1/SNMPv2c configuration example····································································································132

Network requirements····························································································································132

Configuration procedure·························································································································133

Verifying the configuration······················································································································133

SNMPv3 configuration example·····················································································································134

Network requirements····························································································································134

Configuration procedure·························································································································134

Verifying the configuration······················································································································136

Configuring RMON ····················································································137

RMON groups········································································································································137

Sample types for the alarm group and the private alarm group·····························································139

Protocols and standards ························································································································139

Configuring the RMON statistics function ······································································································139

Creating an RMON Ethernet statistics entry··························································································139

Creating an RMON history control entry································································································139

Configuring the RMON alarm function···········································································································140

Displaying and maintaining RMON settings···································································································141

RMON configuration examples······················································································································141

Ethernet statistics group configuration example ····················································································141

History group configuration example······································································································142

Alarm function configuration example····································································································143

Configuring NETCONF··············································································145

NETCONF structure·······························································································································145

NETCONF message format···················································································································146

How to use NETCONF···························································································································147

Protocols and standards ························································································································147

NETCONF configuration task list···················································································································148

Configuring NETCONF over SOAP ···············································································································148

Enabling NETCONF over SSH ······················································································································149

Enabling NETCONF logging··························································································································149

Configuring NETCONF to use module-specific namespaces········································································150

About module-specific namespaces for NETCONF···············································································150

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······························································································151

Configuration procedure·························································································································151

Establishing a NETCONF session·················································································································151

Setting the NETCONF session idle timeout time···················································································151

Entering XML view·································································································································152

Exchanging capabilities··························································································································152

Subscribing to event notifications···················································································································152

Subscription procedure··························································································································153

Example for subscribing to event notifications·······················································································154

Locking/unlocking the configuration···············································································································155

Locking the configuration·······················································································································155

Unlocking the configuration····················································································································155

Example for locking the configuration····································································································156

Performing service operations ·······················································································································157

Performing the get/get-bulk operation····································································································157

Performing the get-config/get-bulk-config operation··············································································159

Performing the edit-config operation······································································································159

All-module configuration data retrieval example····················································································160

Syslog configuration data retrieval example ··························································································162

Example for retrieving a data entry for the interface table ·····································································163

Example for changing the value of a parameter ····················································································164

Saving, rolling back, and loading the configuration························································································165

Saving the configuration·························································································································165

Rolling back the configuration based on a configuration file··································································165

Rolling back the configuration based on a rollback point·······································································166

Loading the configuration·······················································································································170

Example for saving the configuration·····································································································170

Filtering data ··················································································································································171

Table-based filtering·······························································································································171

Column-based filtering···························································································································171

Example for filtering data with regular expression match·······································································174

Example for filtering data by conditional match······················································································175

Performing CLI operations through NETCONF······························································································176

Configuration procedure·························································································································177

CLI operation example···························································································································177

Retrieving NETCONF information··················································································································178

Retrieving YANG file content ·························································································································179

Retrieving NETCONF session information·····································································································180

Terminating another NETCONF session ·······································································································181

Configuration procedure·························································································································181

Configuration example···························································································································181

Returning to the CLI·······································································································································182

Appendix ···································································································183

Appendix A Supported NETCONF operations·······························································································183

Configuring EAA························································································193

EAA framework······································································································································193

Elements in a monitor policy··················································································································194

EAA environment variables····················································································································195

Configuring a user-defined EAA environment variable··················································································196

Configuring a monitor policy···························································································································197

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······························································································197

Configuring a monitor policy from the CLI······························································································197

Configuring a monitor policy by using Tcl ······························································································199

Suspending monitor policies··························································································································200

Displaying and maintaining EAA settings·······································································································201

EAA configuration examples··························································································································201

CLI event monitor policy configuration example ····················································································201

Track event monitor policy configuration example·················································································202

CLI-defined policy with EAA environment variables configuration example ··········································204

Tcl-defined policy configuration example·······························································································205

Monitoring and maintaining processes·······················································207

Displaying and maintaining processes···········································································································207

Displaying and maintaining user processes···································································································208

Monitoring kernel threads·······························································································································209

Configuring kernel thread deadloop detection ·······················································································209

Configuring kernel thread starvation detection·······················································································211

Displaying and maintaining kernel threads ····························································································211

Configuring samplers·················································································214

Creating a sampler·········································································································································214

Displaying and maintaining a sampler ···········································································································214

Sampler configuration example for IPv4 NetStream······················································································214

Network requirements····························································································································214

Configuration procedure·························································································································215

Verifying the configuration······················································································································215

Configuring port mirroring··········································································216

Terminology ···········································································································································216

Port mirroring classification and implementation····················································································217

Configuring local port mirroring······················································································································220

Local port mirroring configuration task list······························································································220

Creating a local mirroring group·············································································································220

Configuring source ports for the local mirroring group···········································································220

Configuring source CPUs for the local mirroring group··········································································221

Configuring the monitor port for the local mirroring group······································································222

Configuring Layer 2 remote port mirroring·····································································································222

Layer 2 remote port mirroring with configurable reflector port configuration task list·····························223

Layer 2 remote port mirroring with egress port configuration task list····················································223

Configuring a remote destination group on the destination device························································224

Configuring a remote source group on the source device ·····································································225

Configuring Layer 3 remote port mirroring·····································································································228

Layer 3 remote port mirroring configuration task list··············································································229

Configuration prerequisites····················································································································229

Configuring local mirroring groups·········································································································229

Configuring source ports for a local mirroring group··············································································229

Configuring source CPUs for a local mirroring group·············································································230

Configuring the monitor port for a local mirroring group·········································································231

Displaying and maintaining port mirroring······································································································231

Port mirroring configuration examples ···········································································································232

Local port mirroring configuration example (in source port mode)·························································232

Local port mirroring configuration example (in source CPU mode) ·······················································233

Layer 2 remote port mirroring configuration example (reflector port configurable)································234

Layer 2 remote port mirroring configuration example (with egress port)················································236

Layer 3 remote port mirroring configuration example ············································································238

Configuring flow mirroring··········································································241

Flow mirroring configuration task list··············································································································241

Configuring match criteria······························································································································241

Configuring a traffic behavior·························································································································241

Configuring a QoS policy ·······························································································································242

Applying a QoS policy····································································································································242

Applying a QoS policy to an interface····································································································242

Applying a QoS policy to a VLAN···········································································································242

Applying a QoS policy globally···············································································································243

Applying a QoS policy to the control plane ····························································································243

Flow mirroring configuration example············································································································243

Network requirements····························································································································243

Configuration procedure·························································································································244

Verifying the configuration······················································································································245

Configuring NetStream··············································································246

NetStream architecture··························································································································246

Flow aging··············································································································································247

NetStream data export···························································································································247

NetStream filtering ·································································································································249

NetStream sampling·······························································································································249

Protocols and standards ························································································································250

Feature and hardware compatibility···············································································································250

NetStream configuration task list ···················································································································250

Enabling NetStream on an interface··············································································································251

Configuring NetStream filtering······················································································································252

Configuring NetStream sampling···················································································································252

Configuring attributes of the NetStream data export······················································································252

Configuring the NetStream data export format ······················································································252

Configuring the refresh rate for NetStream version 9 or version 10 template········································254

Configuring NetStream flow aging ·················································································································254

Flow aging methods·······························································································································254

Configuration procedure·························································································································254

Configuring the NetStream data export··········································································································255

Configuring the NetStream traditional data export·················································································255

Configuring the NetStream aggregation data export··············································································255

Displaying and maintaining NetStream··········································································································256

NetStream configuration examples················································································································257

NetStream traditional data export configuration example······································································257

NetStream aggregation data export configuration example···································································259

Configuring IPv6 NetStream······································································263

IPv6 NetStream architecture··················································································································263

IPv6 NetStream data export···················································································································264

Protocols and standards ························································································································265

Feature and hardware compatibility···············································································································265

IPv6 NetStream configuration task list···········································································································266

Enabling IPv6 NetStream on an interface······································································································267

Configuring attributes of the IPv6 NetStream data export ·············································································267

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export format··············································································267

Configuring the refresh rate for IPv6 NetStream version 9 or version 10 template································268

Configuring IPv6 NetStream flow aging·········································································································268

Flow aging methods·······························································································································268

Configuration procedure·························································································································269

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export ·································································································269

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream traditional data export·········································································269

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export ·····································································270

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 NetStream··································································································271

IPv6 NetStream configuration examples········································································································272

IPv6 NetStream traditional data export configuration example······························································272

IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export configuration example···························································273

Configuring sFlow······················································································276

Protocols and standards ································································································································276

vii

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······································································································276

sFlow configuration task list···························································································································276

Configuring the sFlow agent and sFlow collector information········································································277

Configuring flow sampling······························································································································277

Configuring counter sampling ························································································································278

Displaying and maintaining sFlow··················································································································278

sFlow configuration example··························································································································279

Network requirements····························································································································279

Configuration procedure·························································································································279

Verifying the configurations····················································································································280

Troubleshooting sFlow configuration ·············································································································280

The remote sFlow collector cannot receive sFlow packets····································································280

Configuring the information center·····························································282

Log types················································································································································282

Log levels···············································································································································282

Log destinations·····································································································································283

Default output rules for logs···················································································································283

Default output rules for diagnostic logs··································································································283

Default output rules for security logs······································································································283

Default output rules for hidden logs ·······································································································284

Default output rules for trace logs··········································································································284

Log formats············································································································································284

Information center configuration task list ·······································································································287

Outputting logs to the console ·······················································································································287

Outputting logs to the monitor terminal··········································································································288

Outputting logs to log hosts····························································································································289

Outputting logs to the log buffer·····················································································································289

Saving logs to the log file·······························································································································290

Managing security logs ··································································································································291

Saving security logs to the security log file ····························································································291

Managing the security log file·················································································································291

Saving diagnostic logs to the diagnostic log file·····························································································292

Configuring the maximum size of the trace log file ························································································293

Setting the minimum storage period for log files and logs in the log buffer ···················································293

Logs in the log buffer······························································································································293

Log files··················································································································································294

Configuration procedure·························································································································294

Enabling synchronous information output······································································································294

Enabling duplicate log suppression ···············································································································294

Configuring log suppression for a module······································································································295

Disabling an interface from generating link up or link down logs···································································295

Enabling SNMP notifications for system logs·································································································296

Displaying and maintaining information center ······························································································296

Information center configuration examples····································································································296

Configuration example for outputting logs to the console······································································296

Configuration example for outputting logs to a UNIX log host ·······························································297

Configuration example for outputting logs to a Linux log host ·······························································298

Configuring GOLD·····················································································301

Configuring monitoring diagnostics················································································································301

Simulating test results····································································································································302

Configuring the log buffer size ·······················································································································302

Displaying and maintaining GOLD·················································································································302

GOLD configuration example·························································································································303

Network requirements····························································································································303

Configuration procedure·························································································································303

Verifying the configuration······················································································································304

viii

Configuring the packet capture··································································305

Packet capture modes ···························································································································305

Filter elements········································································································································305

Building a capture filter···························································································································311

Building a display filter ···························································································································312

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······································································································312

Packet capture configuration task list·············································································································313

Configuring local packet capture····················································································································313

Configuring remote packet capture················································································································313

Configuring feature image-based packet capture··························································································314

Displaying the contents in a packet file··········································································································315

Displaying and maintaining packet capture····································································································315

Packet capture configuration examples·········································································································315

Remote packet capture configuration example······················································································315

Feature image-based packet capture configuration example································································316

Packet file display configuration example······························································································318

Configuring VCF fabric ··············································································319

VCF fabric topology································································································································319

Neutron concepts and components ·······································································································320

Neutron deployment·······························································································································321

Automated VCF fabric provisioning and deployment·····················································································322

Topology discovery································································································································323

Automated underlay network provisioning·····························································································323

Automated overlay network deployment································································································325

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······································································································325

VCF fabric configuration task list····················································································································326

Enabling VCF fabric topology discovery ········································································································326

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······························································································326

Configuration procedure·························································································································326

Configuring automated underlay network provisioning··················································································326

Configuration procedure·························································································································327

Configuring automated overlay network deployment·····················································································327

Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······························································································327

Configuration procedure·························································································································328

Displaying and maintaining VCF fabric··········································································································329

Automated VCF fabric configuration example································································································329

Network requirements····························································································································329

Configuration procedure·························································································································330

Verifying the configuration······················································································································332

Configuring CWMP····················································································336

CWMP network framework ····················································································································336

Basic CWMP functions···························································································································336

How CWMP works·································································································································337

Enabling CWMP from the CLI························································································································340

Configuring ACS attributes·····························································································································340

Configuring the preferred ACS attributes·······························································································340

Configuring the default ACS attributes from the CLI··············································································342

Configuring CPE attributes·····························································································································342

Configuring ACS authentication parameters··························································································342

Configuring the provision code···············································································································342

Configuring the CWMP connection interface·························································································343

Configuring autoconnect parameters·····································································································343

Enabling NAT traversal for the CPE·······································································································345

Specifying an SSL client policy for HTTPS connection to ACS ·····························································345

Displaying and maintaining CWMP················································································································345

CWMP configuration example························································································································346

Network requirements····························································································································346

Configuration procedure·························································································································347

Verifying the configuration······················································································································355

Document conventions and icons······························································356

Conventions···················································································································································356

Network topology icons··································································································································357

Support and other resources ·····································································358

Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support·····························································································358

Accessing updates·········································································································································358

Websites ················································································································································359

Customer self repair·······························································································································359

Remote support······································································································································359

Documentation feedback ·······················································································································359

Index··········································································································361

Using ping, tracert, and system

debugging

This chapter covers ping, tracert, and information about debugging the system.

Ping

Use the ping utility to determine if an address is reachable.

Ping sends ICMP echo requests (ECHO-REQUEST) to the destination device. Upon receiving the

requests, the destination device responds with ICMP echo replies (ECHO-REPLY) to the source

device. The source device outputs statistics about the ping operation, including the number of

packets sent, number of echo replies received, and the round-trip time. You can measure the

network performance by analyzing these statistics.

Using a ping command to test network connectivity

Execute ping commands in any view.

Task

Command

Determine if an address in an IP network is

reachable.

When you configure the ping command for a low-speed

network, set a larger value for the timeout timer (indicated by

the -t keyword in the command).

•For IPv4 networks:

ping [ ip ] [ -a source-ip | -c count | -f | -httl | -i

interface-type interface-number | -m interval | -n | -p pad |

-q | -r | -s packet-size | -t timeout | -tos tos | -v |

-vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] * host

•For IPv6 networks:

ping ipv6 [ -a source-ipv6 | -c count | -i interface-type

interface-number | -m interval | -q | -s packet-size | -t

timeout | -v |-tc traffic-class | -vpn-instance

vpn-instance-name ] * host

For more information about the ping mpls command, see MPLS Command Reference.

Ping example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 1, determine if Device A and Device C can reach each other. If they can reach

each other, get detailed information about routes from Device A to Device C.

Figure 1 Network diagram

Configuration procedure

# Use the ping command on Device Ato test connectivity to Device C.

<DeviceA> ping 1.1.2.2

Ping 1.1.2.2 (1.1.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=2.137 ms

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=2.051 ms

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=1.996 ms

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=1.963 ms

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=1.991 ms

--- Ping statistics for 1.1.2.2 ---

5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.963/2.028/2.137/0.062 ms

The output shows the following information:

•

Device A sends five ICMP packets to Device C and Device Areceives five ICMP packets.

•

No ICMP packet is lost.

•

The route is reachable.

# Get detailed information about routes from Device Ato Device C.

<DeviceA> ping -r 1.1.2.2

Ping 1.1.2.2 (1.1.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=4.685 ms

RR: 1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=4.834 ms (same route)

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=4.770 ms (same route)

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=4.812 ms (same route)

56 bytes from 1.1.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=4.704 ms (same route)

--- Ping statistics for 1.1.2.2 ---

5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 4.685/4.761/4.834/0.058 ms

The test procedure of ping –r is as shown in Figure 1:

Device A Device B Device C

1.1.1.1/24

1.1.1.2/24

ECHO-REQUEST

(NULL) ECHO-REQUEST

1st=1.1.2.1

1.1.2.1/24

1.1.2.2/24

ECHO-REPLY

1st=1.1.2.1

2nd=1.1.2.2

ECHO-REPLY

1st=1.1.2.1

2nd=1.1.2.2

3rd＝1.1.1.2

ECHO-REPLY

1st=1.1.2.1

2nd=1.1.2.2

3rd＝1.1.1.2

4th=1.1.1.1

1. The source device (Device A) sends an ICMP echo request to the destination device (Device C)

with the RR option blank.

2. The intermediate device (Device B) adds the IP address of its outbound interface (1.1.2.1) to

the RR option of the ICMP echo request, and forwards the packet.

3. Upon receiving the request, the destination device copies the RR option in the request and

adds the IP address of its outbound interface (1.1.2.2) to the RR option. Then the destination

device sends an ICMP echo reply.

4. The intermediate device adds the IP address of its outbound interface (1.1.1.2) to the RR option

in the ICMP echo reply, and then forwards the reply.

5. Upon receiving the reply, the source device adds the IP address of its inbound interface (1.1.1.1)

to the RR option. The detailed information of routes from Device A to Device C is formatted as:

1.1.1.1 <-> {1.1.1.2; 1.1.2.1} <-> 1.1.2.2.

Tracert

Tracert (also called Traceroute) enables retrieval of the IP addresses of Layer 3 devices in the path

to a destination. In the event of network failure, use tracert to test network connectivity and identify

failed nodes.

Figure 2 Tracert operation

Tracert uses received ICMP error messages to get the IP addresses of devices. Tracert works as

shown in Figure 2:

1. The source device sends a UDP packet with a TTL value of 1 to the destination device. The

destination UDP port is not used by any application on the destination device.

2. The first hop (Device B, the first Layer 3 device that receives the packet) responds by sending a

TTL-expired ICMP error message to the source, with its IP address (1.1.1.2) encapsulated. This

way, the source device can get the address of the first Layer 3 device (1.1.1.2).

3. The source device sends a packet with a TTL value of 2 to the destination device.

4. The second hop (Device C) responds with a TTL-expired ICMP error message, which gives the

source device the address of the second Layer 3 device (1.1.2.2).

5. This process continues until a packet sent by the source device reaches the ultimate

destination device. Because no application uses the destination port specified in the packet, the

destination device responds with a port-unreachable ICMP message to the source device, with

its IP address encapsulated. This way, the source device gets the IP address of the destination

device (1.1.3.2).

6. The source device determines that:

The packet has reached the destination device after receiving the port-unreachable ICMP

message.

Device A Device B Device D

Device C

1.1.1.1/24

1.1.1.2/24

Hop Lmit=1

TTL exceeded

1.1.2.1/24 1.1.3.1/24

1.1.2.2/24 1.1.3.2/24

Hop Lmit=2

TTL exceeded

UDP port unreachable

Hop Lmit=n

The path to the destination device is 1.1.1.2 to 1.1.2.2 to 1.1.3.2.

Prerequisites

Before you use a tracert command, perform the tasks in this section.

For an IPv4 network:

•

Enable sending of ICMP timeout packets on the intermediate devices (devices between the

source and destination devices). If the intermediate devices are HPE devices, execute the ip

ttl-expires enable command on the devices. For more information about this command, see

Layer 3—IP Services Command Reference.

•

Enable sending of ICMP destination unreachable packets on the destination device. If the

destination device is an HPE device, execute the ip unreachables enable command. For more

information about this command, see Layer 3—IP Services Command Reference.

For an IPv6 network:

•

Enable sending of ICMPv6 timeout packets on the intermediate devices (devices between the

source and destination devices). If the intermediate devices are HPE devices, execute the ipv6

hoplimit-expires enable command on the devices. For more information about this command,

see Layer 3—IP Services Command Reference.

•

Enable sending of ICMPv6 destination unreachable packets on the destination device. If the

destination device is an HPE device, execute the ipv6 unreachables enable command. For

more information about this command, see Layer 3—IP Services Command Reference.

Using a tracert command to identify failed or all nodes in a

path

Execute tracert commands in any view.

Task Command

Display the routes from source

to destination.

•For IPv4 networks:

tracert [ -a source-ip | -f first-ttl |-m max-ttl | -p port | -q

packet-number | -t tos | -vpn-instance vpn-instance-name

[ -resolve-as { global | none | vpn } ] |-w timeout ] * host

•For IPv6 networks:

tracert ipv6 [ -f first-hop | -m max-hops | -p port | -q packet-number |

-t traffic-class | -vpn-instance vpn-instance-name [ -resolve-as

{ global | none | vpn } ] | -w timeout ] * host

For more information about the tracert mpls ipv4 command, see MPLS Command Reference.

Tracert example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 3, Device A failed to Telnet to Device C.

Test the network connectivity between Device A and Device C. If they cannot reach each other,

locate the failed nodes in the network.

Figure 3 Network diagram

Configuration procedure

1. Configure the IP addresses for devices as shown in Figure 3.

2. Configure a static route on Device A.

<DeviceA> system-view

[DeviceA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.2

[DeviceA] quit

3. Use the ping command to test connectivity between Device A and Device C.

<DeviceA> ping 1.1.2.2

Ping 1.1.2.2(1.1.2.2): 56 -data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Request time out

--- Ping statistics for 1.1.2.2 ---

5 packet(s) transmitted,0 packet(s) received,100.0% packet loss

The output shows that Device A and Device C cannot reach each other.

4. Use the tracert command to identify failed nodes:

# Enable sending of ICMP timeout packets on Device B.

<DeviceB> system-view

[DeviceB] ip ttl-expires enable

# Enable sending of ICMP destination unreachable packets on Device C.

<DeviceC> system-view

[DeviceC] ip unreachables enable

# Execute the tracert command on Device A.

<DeviceA> tracert 1.1.2.2

traceroute to 1.1.2.2 (1.1.2.2) 30 hops at most,40 bytes each packet, press CTRL_C

to break

1 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 1 ms 2 ms 1 ms

2 * * *

3 * * *

4 * * *

The output shows that Device A can reach Device B but cannot reach Device C. An error has

occurred on the connection between Device B and Device C.

5. To identify the cause of the problem, execute the following commands on Device A and Device

Execute the debugging ip icmp command and verify that Device Aand Device C can send

and receive the correct ICMP packets.

Execute the display ip routing-table command to verify that Device Aand Device C have a

route to each other.

Device A Device B Device C

1.1.1.1/24 1.1.1.2/24 1.1.2.1/24 1.1.2.2/24

System debugging

The device supports debugging for the majority of protocols and features, and provides debugging

information to help users diagnose errors.

Debugging information control switches

The following switches control the display of debugging information:

•

Module debugging switch—Controls whether to generate the module-specific debugging

information.

•

Screen output switch—Controls whether to display the debugging information on a certain

screen. Use terminal monitor and terminal logging level commands to turn on the screen

output switch. For more information about these two commands, see Network Management

and Monitoring Command Reference.

As shown in Figure 4, the device can provide debugging for the three modules 1, 2, and 3. The

debugging information can be output on a terminal only when both the module debugging switch and

the screen output switch are turned on.

Debugging information is typically displayed on a console. You can also send debugging information

to other destinations. For more information, see "Configuring the information center."

Figure 4 Relationship between the module and screen output switch

Debugging a feature module

Output of debugging commands is memory intensive. To guarantee system performance, enable

debugging only for modules that are in an exceptional condition. When debugging is complete, use

the undo debugging all command to disable all the debugging functions.

To debug a feature module:

Step

Command

Remarks

1. Enable debugging for a

module in user view. debugging module-name

[ option ] By default, all debugging

functions are disabled.

1 2 3

Debugging

information

Protocol

debugging

switch

Screen

output switch

Debugging

information

Protocol

debugging

switch

Screen

output switch

ON OFF ON

OFF

1 2 3

ON OFF ON

Step

Command

Remarks

2. (Optional.) Display the

enabled debugging in any

view. display debugging

[module-name ] N/A

Configuring NQA

Overview

Network quality analyzer (NQA) allows you to measure network performance, verify the service

levels for IP services and applications, and troubleshoot network problems. It provides the following

types of operations:

•

ICMP echo.

•

ICMP jitter.

•

DHCP.

•

DLSw.

•

DNS.

•

FTP.

•

HTTP.

•

Path jitter.

•

SNMP.

•

TCP.

•

UDP echo.

•

UDP jitter.

•

UDP tracert.

•

Voice.

As shown in Figure 5, the NQAsource device (NQAclient) sends data to the NQAdestination device

by simulating IP services and applications to measure network performance. The obtained

performance metrics include the one-way latency, jitter, packet loss, voice quality, application

performance, and server response time.

All types of NQA operations require the NQA client, but only the TCP, UDP echo, UDP jitter, and

voice operations require the NQAserver. The NQAoperations for services that are already provided

by the destination device such as FTP do not need the NQA server.

You can configure the NQA server to listen and respond to specific IP addresses and ports to meet

various test needs.

Figure 5 Network diagram

NQA operation

The following describes how NQA performs different types of operations:

•

ATCP or DLSw operation sets up a connection.

•

An ICMP jitter, UDP jitter, or voice operation sends a number of probe packets. The number of

probe packets is set by using the probe packet-number command.

•

An FTP operation uploads or downloads a file.

IP network

NQA source device/

NQA client NQA destination device

•

An HTTP operation gets a Web page.

•

ADHCP operation gets an IP address through DHCP.

•

A DNS operation translates a domain name to an IP address.

•

An ICMP echo operation sends an ICMP echo request.

•

A UDP echo operation sends a UDP packet.

•

An SNMP operation sends one SNMPv1 packet, one SNMPv2c packet, and one SNMPv3

packet.

•

A path jitter operation is accomplished in the following steps:

a. The operation uses tracert to obtain the path from the NQA client to the destination. A

maximum of 64 hops can be detected.

b. The NQA client sends ICMP echo requests to each hop along the path. The number of

ICMP echo requests is set by using the probe packet-number command.

•

A UDP tracert operation determines the routing path from the source to the destination. The

number of the probe packets sent to each hop is set by using the probe count command.

Collaboration

NQA can collaborate with the Track module to notify application modules of state or performance

changes so that the application modules can take predefined actions.

Figure 6 Collaboration

The following describes how a static route destined for 192.168.0.88 is monitored through

collaboration:

1. NQA monitors the reachability to 192.168.0.88.

2. When 192.168.0.88 becomes unreachable, NQA notifies the Track module of the change.

3. The Track module notifies the static routing module of the state change.

4. The static routing module sets the static route to invalid according to a predefined action.

For more information about collaboration, see High Availability Configuration Guide.

Threshold monitoring

Threshold monitoring enables the NQA client to take a predefined action when the NQA operation

performance metrics violate the specified thresholds.

Table 1 describes the relationships between performance metrics and NQA operation types.

Application modulesDetection

modules

Sends the

detection results Sends the track

entry status

Track

module

Associates with

a detection entry Associates with

a track entry

VRRP

Static routing

PBR

NQA

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