HPE 5800 Series User manual

HPE 5820X & 5800 Switch Series
Layer 3 - IP Routing
Configuration Guide
Part number: 5998-7389R
Software version: Release 1810
Document version: 6W100-20160129

© Copyright 2016 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP
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Contents
IP routing basics ····························································································· 1
Overview ····························································································································································1
Routing table ··············································································································································1
Dynamic routing protocols··························································································································2
Route preference ·······································································································································2
Load sharing ··············································································································································3
Route backup ·············································································································································3
Route recursion··········································································································································3
Route redistribution ····································································································································3
Displaying and maintaining a routing table ········································································································3
Configuring static routing ················································································ 6
Configuring a static route ···································································································································6
Configuring BFD for static routes·······················································································································7
BFD control mode ······································································································································7
BFD echo mode ·········································································································································8
Configuring static route FRR······························································································································8
Configuration prerequisites ························································································································9
Configuration guidelines·····························································································································9
Configuration procedure·····························································································································9
Displaying and maintaining static routes············································································································9
Static route configuration examples···················································································································9
Basic static route configuration example····································································································9
BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop) ·································································11
BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop) ······························································13
Static route FRR configuration example ··································································································16
Configuring a default route············································································ 18
Configuring RIP····························································································· 19
Overview ··························································································································································19
Understanding RIP···································································································································19
Versions ···················································································································································20
Message formats······································································································································20
Supported features···································································································································22
Protocols and standards ··························································································································22
RIP configuration task list ································································································································23
Configuring RIP basic functions ·······················································································································23
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································23
Enabling RIP and a RIP interface ············································································································23
Configuring the interface behavior ···········································································································24
Configuring a RIP version ························································································································24
Setting the DSCP value for RIP packets··································································································25
Configuring RIP route control···························································································································25
Configuring an additional routing metric···································································································26
Configuring RIPv2 route summarization ··································································································26
Disabling host route reception··················································································································27
Advertising a default route ·······················································································································27
Configuring inbound or outbound route filtering ·······················································································28
Configuring a priority for RIP····················································································································28
Configuring RIP route redistribution ·········································································································29
Tuning and optimizing RIP networks ···············································································································29
Configuring RIP timers ·····························································································································29
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse ···························································································30
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes·················································································30
Enabling zero field check on incoming RIPv1 messages·········································································31
Enabling source IP address check on incoming RIP updates··································································31

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Configuring RIPv2 message authentication ·····························································································32
Specifying a RIP neighbor························································································································32
Configuring RIP-to-MIB binding ···············································································································32
Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ·································································································33
Configuring RIP FRR ·······································································································································33
Configuring BFD for RIP ··································································································································34
Configuring single-hop echo detection mode···························································································34
Configuring bidirectional control detection mode ·····················································································34
Displaying and maintaining RIP ·······················································································································35
RIP configuration examples ·····························································································································36
Configuring RIP version ···························································································································36
Configuring RIP route redistribution ·········································································································37
Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface·················································································39
Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route ························································································41
Configuring RIP FRR ·······························································································································43
Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop echo detection) ··············································································45
Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional control detection) ········································································47
Troubleshooting RIP ········································································································································51
No RIP updates received ·························································································································51
Route oscillation occurred························································································································51
Configuring OSPF························································································· 52
Overview ··························································································································································52
OSPF packets ··········································································································································52
LSA types·················································································································································52
OSPF area ···············································································································································53
Router types·············································································································································55
Route types ··············································································································································56
Route calculation······································································································································56
OSPF network types ································································································································57
DR and BDR ············································································································································57
Protocols and standards ··························································································································58
OSPF configuration task list·····························································································································58
Enabling OSPF ················································································································································60
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································60
Configuration guidelines···························································································································60
Configuring OSPF areas··································································································································61
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································61
Configuring a stub area····························································································································61
Configuring an NSSA area·······················································································································62
Configuring a virtual link···························································································································63
Configuring OSPF network types·····················································································································63
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································64
Configuring the broadcast network type for an interface··········································································64
Configuring the NBMA network type for an interface ···············································································64
Configuring the P2MP network type for an interface················································································65
Configuring the P2P network type for an interface···················································································65
Configuring OSPF route control·······················································································································66
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································66
Configuring OSPF route summarization ··································································································66
Configuring OSPF inbound route filtering ································································································67
Configuring ABR Type-3 LSA filtering······································································································67
Configuring an OSPF cost for an interface ······························································································68
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes·················································································68
Configuring OSPF preference··················································································································69
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ·····································································································69
Advertising a host route ···························································································································71
Tuning and optimizing OSPF networks············································································································71
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································71
Configuring OSPF packet timers··············································································································71
Specifying LSA transmission delay ··········································································································72
Specifying SPF calculation interval ··········································································································72

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Specifying the LSA arrival interval ···········································································································73
Specifying the LSA generation interval ····································································································73
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPF packets ·····························································74
Configuring stub routers···························································································································74
Configuring OSPF authentication·············································································································75
Adding the interface MTU into DD packets ······························································································75
Configuring the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB ·································································75
Enabling compatibility with RFC 1583······································································································76
Logging neighbor state changes ··············································································································76
Configuring OSPF network management ································································································76
Enabling message logging ·······················································································································77
Enabling the advertisement and reception of opaque LSAs ····································································77
Configuring OSPF to give priority to receiving and processing hello packets··········································78
Configuring the LSU transmit rate············································································································78
Setting the DSCP value for OSPF packets ······························································································78
Enabling OSPF ISPF ·······························································································································79
Configuring OSPF FRR ···································································································································79
Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart·················································································································80
Configuring the OSPF GR Restarter········································································································80
Configuring the OSPF GR Helper ············································································································81
Triggering OSPF Graceful Restart ···········································································································82
Configuring BFD for OSPF ······························································································································82
Configuring bidirectional control detection ·······························································································82
Configuring single-hop echo detection·····································································································83
Displaying and maintaining OSPF ···················································································································83
OSPF configuration examples ·························································································································84
Configuring OSPF basic functions ···········································································································84
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ·····································································································88
Configuring OSPF to advertise a summary route ····················································································89
Configuring an OSPF stub area ···············································································································91
Configuring an OSPF NSSA area ············································································································94
Configuring OSPF DR election ················································································································96
Configuring OSPF virtual links ·················································································································99
Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart·······································································································101
Configuring route filtering ·······················································································································103
Configuring OSPF FRR··························································································································106
Configuring BFD for OSPF·····················································································································108
Troubleshooting OSPF configuration·············································································································111
No OSPF neighbor relationship established ··························································································111
Incorrect routing information ··················································································································111
Configuring IS-IS························································································· 112
Overview ························································································································································112
Terminology ···········································································································································112
Address format·······································································································································112
NET ························································································································································113
IS-IS area ···············································································································································114
Network types ········································································································································115
PDUs······················································································································································116
Supported features·································································································································122
Protocols and standards ························································································································124
IS-IS configuration task list ····························································································································125
Configuring IS-IS basic functions···················································································································126
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································126
Enabling IS-IS ········································································································································126
Configuring the IS level and circuit level ································································································126
Configuring the network type of an interface as P2P ·············································································127
Configuring IS-IS routing information control ·································································································127
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································127
Configuring IS-IS link cost······················································································································127
Specifying a priority for IS-IS··················································································································129
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes···············································································129

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Configuring IS-IS route summarization ··································································································129
Advertising a default route ·····················································································································130
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ·····································································································130
Configuring IS-IS route filtering ··············································································································131
Configuring IS-IS route leaking ··············································································································131
Tuning and optimizing IS-IS networks ···········································································································132
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································132
Specifying intervals for sending IS-IS hello and CSNP packets ····························································132
Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier········································································································132
Configuring a DIS priority for an interface ······························································································133
Disabling an interface from sending/receiving IS-IS packets ·································································133
Enabling an interface to send small hello packets ·················································································134
Configuring LSP parameters··················································································································134
Configuring SPF parameters··················································································································136
Assigning a high priority to IS-IS routes ·································································································137
Setting the LSDB overload bit ················································································································137
Configuring system ID to host name mappings ·····················································································137
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes ····················································································138
Enhancing IS-IS network security ··················································································································139
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································139
Configuring neighbor relationship authentication ···················································································139
Configuring area authentication ·············································································································139
Configuring routing domain authentication·····························································································140
Configuring IS-IS GR ·····································································································································140
Configuring IS-IS NSR ···································································································································141
Configuring IS-IS FRR ···································································································································141
Enabling IS-IS SNMP trap ·····························································································································142
Binding an IS-IS process with MIBs ···············································································································143
Configuring BFD for IS-IS ······························································································································143
Displaying and maintaining IS-IS ···················································································································143
IS-IS configuration examples ·························································································································144
IS-IS basic configuration example··········································································································144
DIS election configuration example········································································································149
IS-IS route redistribution configuration example ····················································································153
IS-IS Graceful Restart configuration example························································································156
IS-IS NSR configuration example ··········································································································158
IS-IS FRR configuration example···········································································································160
IS-IS authentication configuration example····························································································162
BFD for IS-IS configuration example······································································································164
Configuring BGP ························································································· 168
Overview ························································································································································168
BGP speaker and BGP peer ··················································································································168
Message types ·······································································································································168
Path attributes ········································································································································169
BGP route selection ·······························································································································173
Route advertisement rules ·····················································································································173
BGP load balancing ·······························································································································173
Settlements for problems in large-scale BGP networks·········································································174
MP-BGP ·················································································································································177
BGP configuration views ························································································································178
Protocols and standards ························································································································179
BGP configuration task list ·····························································································································180
Configuring BGP basic functions ···················································································································181
Enabling BGP·········································································································································181
Configuring a BGP peer ·························································································································182
Configuring a BGP peer group···············································································································183
Specifying the source interface for TCP connections ············································································185
Controlling route generation···························································································································186
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································186
Injecting a local network·························································································································187
Redistributing IGP routes ·······················································································································187

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Controlling route distribution and reception ···································································································188
Configuring BGP route summarization···································································································188
Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group················································································189
Configuring BGP route distribution/reception filtering policies ·······························································189
Enabling BGP and IGP route synchronization ·······················································································192
Limiting prefixes received from a peer or peer group·············································································193
Configuring BGP route dampening ········································································································194
Controlling BGP path selection ······················································································································194
Specifying a preferred value for routes received····················································································194
Configuring preferences for BGP routes ································································································195
Configure the default local preference ···································································································195
Configuring the MED attribute················································································································196
Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute ····································································································199
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ·······································································································200
Tuning and optimizing BGP networks ············································································································203
Configuring the BGP keepalive interval and holdtime············································································203
Configuring the interval for sending the same update············································································204
Allowing establishment of EBGP session to an indirectly connected peer or peer group······················205
Enabling the BGP ORF capability ··········································································································205
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression·······························································································206
Setting the DSCP value for BGP packets ······························································································207
Enabling quick reestablishment of direct EBGP session ·······································································207
Enabling MD5 authentication for BGP peers ·························································································207
Configuring BGP load balancing ············································································································208
Forbidding session establishment with a peer or peer group·································································208
Configuring BGP soft-reset ····················································································································209
Configuring a large scale BGP network ·········································································································210
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································210
Configuring BGP community··················································································································211
Configuring a BGP route reflector ··········································································································211
Configuring a BGP confederation ··········································································································212
Configuring BGP GR······································································································································213
Enabling trap··················································································································································214
Enabling logging of session state changes····································································································214
Configuring BFD for BGP·······························································································································215
Displaying and maintaining BGP ···················································································································215
Displaying BGP ······································································································································215
Resetting BGP session ··························································································································217
Clearing BGP information ······················································································································217
BGP configuration examples ·························································································································217
BGP basic configuration example ··········································································································217
BGP and IGP synchronization configuration example ···········································································221
BGP load balancing configuration example ···························································································224
BGP route summarization configuration example··················································································226
BGP community configuration example ·································································································229
BGP route reflector configuration example ····························································································231
BGP confederation configuration example·····························································································233
BGP path selection configuration example ····························································································236
BGP GR configuration example ·············································································································239
BFD for BGP configuration example ······································································································241
Troubleshooting BGP·····································································································································245
BGP peer relationship not established···································································································245
Configuring IPv6 static routing ···································································· 247
Configuring an IPv6 static route·····················································································································247
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 static routes ·······························································································247
IPv6 static routing configuration example ······································································································248
Configuring an IPv6 default route ······························································· 250
Configuring RIPng······················································································· 251
Overview ························································································································································251

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Understanding RIPng·····························································································································251
Packet format ·········································································································································251
RIPng packet processing procedure ······································································································252
Protocols and standards ························································································································253
RIPng configuration task list ··························································································································253
Configuring RIPng basic functions ·················································································································253
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································254
Configuration procedure·························································································································254
Configuring RIPng route control·····················································································································254
Configuring an additional routing metric·································································································254
Configuring RIPng route summarization ································································································255
Advertising a default route ·····················································································································255
Configuring a RIPng route filtering policy·······························································································255
Configuring a priority for RIPng··············································································································256
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ···································································································256
Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network ·····································································································256
Configuring RIPng timers ·······················································································································257
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse ·························································································257
Configuring zero field check on RIPng packets ·····················································································258
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes···············································································258
Applying IPsec policies for RIPng ··················································································································258
Displaying and maintaining RIPng ·················································································································259
RIPng configuration examples ·······················································································································260
Configure RIPng basic functions············································································································260
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ···································································································262
Configuring RIPng IPsec policies···········································································································265
Configuring OSPFv3 ··················································································· 268
Overview ························································································································································268
Packets ··················································································································································268
LSA types···············································································································································268
Timers ····················································································································································269
Supported features·································································································································270
Protocols and standards ························································································································270
OSPFv3 configuration task list ·······················································································································270
Enabling OSPFv3 ··········································································································································271
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································271
Configuration guidelines·························································································································271
Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters···········································································································272
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································272
Configuring an OSPFv3 stub area ·········································································································272
Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link ········································································································272
Configuring OSPFv3 network types ···············································································································273
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································273
Configuring the OSPFv3 network type for an interface··········································································273
Configuring an NBMA or P2MP neighbor ······························································································274
Configuring OSPFv3 routing information control ···························································································274
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································274
Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization·····························································································274
Configuring OSPFv3 inbound route filtering···························································································275
Configuring an OSPFv3 cost for an interface·························································································275
Configuring the maximum number of OSPFv3 ECMP routes ································································276
Configuring a priority for OSPFv3 ··········································································································276
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution ·······························································································277
Tuning and optimizing OSPFv3 networks······································································································277
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································278
Configuring OSPFv3 timers ···················································································································278
Configuring a DR priority for an interface·······························································································279
Ignoring MTU check for DD packets ······································································································279
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPFv3 packets························································279
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes ····················································································280
Configuring OSPFv3 GR································································································································280

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Configuring GR Restarter·······················································································································280
Configuring GR Helper···························································································································280
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3·························································································································281
Applying IPsec policies for OSPFv3 ··············································································································281
Displaying and maintaining OSPFv3 ·············································································································283
OSPFv3 configuration examples ···················································································································284
OSPFv3 area configuration example ·····································································································284
OSPFv3 DR election configuration example··························································································287
OSPFv3 route redistribution configuration example···············································································290
OSPFv3 GR configuration example ·······································································································293
BFD for OSPFv3 configuration example ································································································294
OSPFv3 IPsec policies configuration example ······················································································297
Troubleshooting OSPFv3 configuration ·········································································································300
No OSPFv3 neighbor relationship established ······················································································300
Incorrect routing information ··················································································································300
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS ················································································ 302
Overview ························································································································································302
Configuring basic IPv6 IS-IS ··························································································································302
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································302
Configuration procedure·························································································································302
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS route control ··············································································································303
Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ······················································································································304
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS MTR···························································································································304
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS ···········································································································305
IPv6 IS-IS configuration examples ·················································································································306
IPv6 IS-IS basic configuration example ·································································································306
BFD for IPv6 IS-IS configuration example ·····························································································311
IPv6 IS-IS MTR configuration example ··································································································313
Configuring IPv6 BGP················································································· 316
Overview ························································································································································316
IPv6 BGP configuration task list·····················································································································316
Configuring IPv6 BGP basic functions ···········································································································317
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································317
Specifying an IPv6 BGP peer·················································································································317
Injecting a local IPv6 route ·····················································································································318
Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or peer group ······················································318
Specifying the source interface for establishing TCP connections ························································319
Allowing the establishment of an indirect EBGP connection··································································319
Configuring a description for an IPv6 peer or peer group ······································································320
Disabling session establishment to an IPv6 peer or peer group ····························································320
Logging IPv6 peer or peer group state changes ····················································································320
Controlling route distribution and reception ···································································································321
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································321
Configuring IPv6 BGP route redistribution ·····························································································321
Configuring IPv6 BGP route summarization ··························································································321
Advertising a default route to an IPv6 peer or peer group ·····································································322
Configuring outbound route filtering ·······································································································322
Configuring inbound route filtering ·········································································································323
Configuring IPv6 BGP and IGP route synchronization···········································································324
Configuring route dampening·················································································································324
Configuring IPv6 BGP route attributes···········································································································324
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································325
Configuring IPv6 BGP preference and default LOCAL_PREF and NEXT_HOP attributes ···················325
Configuring the MED attribute················································································································325
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ·······································································································326
Tuning and optimizing IPv6 BGP networks····································································································327
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································327
Configuring IPv6 BGP timers ·················································································································327
Configuring IPv6 BGP soft reset ············································································································328
Enabling the IPv6 BGP ORF capability··································································································329

viii
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression·······························································································330
Setting the DSCP value for IPv6 BGP packets ······················································································330
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes···············································································330
Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections················································································331
Applying an IPsec policy to an IPv6 BGP peer or peer group································································331
Configuring a large-scale IPv6 BGP network·································································································332
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································332
Configuring IPv6 BGP peer group··········································································································332
Configuring IPv6 BGP community··········································································································333
Configuring an IPv6 BGP route reflector································································································334
Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP ······················································································································335
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 BGP ···········································································································335
Displaying BGP ······································································································································335
Resetting IPv6 BGP connections ···········································································································336
Clearing IPv6 BGP information ··············································································································337
IPv6 BGP configuration examples ·················································································································337
IPv6 BGP basic configuration example··································································································337
IPv6 BGP route reflector configuration example ····················································································339
IPv6 BGP IPsec policy configuration example ·······················································································340
BFD for IPv6 BGP configuration example······························································································345
Troubleshooting IPv6 BGP configuration·······································································································349
IPv6 BGP peer relationship not established···························································································349
Configuring routing policies········································································· 350
Overview ························································································································································350
Filters ·····················································································································································350
Configuring filters ···········································································································································351
Configuring an IP prefix list ····················································································································351
Configuring an AS path list·····················································································································352
Configuring a community list ··················································································································352
Configuring an extended community list ································································································353
Configuring a routing policy ···························································································································353
Creating a routing policy ························································································································353
Configuring if-match clauses··················································································································353
Configuring apply clauses ······················································································································355
Configuring a continue clause················································································································356
Displaying and maintaining the routing policy ································································································357
Routing policy configuration examples ··········································································································357
Applying a routing policy to IPv4 route redistribution ·············································································357
Applying a routing policy to IPv6 route redistribution ·············································································360
Applying a routing policy to filter received BGP routes ··········································································362
Troubleshooting routing policy configuration ·································································································364
IPv4 routing information filtering failure··································································································364
IPv6 routing information filtering failure··································································································364
Configuring policy-based routing ································································ 365
Overview ························································································································································365
PBR modes ············································································································································365
Concepts ················································································································································365
QoS mode ··············································································································································366
Configuring PBR (using a PBR policy)···········································································································366
PBR policy routing configuration task list ·······························································································366
Configuring a policy································································································································367
Configuring PBR ····································································································································368
Configuring PBR (using a QoS policy) ···········································································································369
Configuring a QoS policy ·······················································································································369
Applying the QoS policy ·························································································································370
Displaying and maintaining PBR configuration ······························································································370
PBR configuration (using a PBR policy)·································································································370
PBR configuration (using a QoS policy)·································································································371
PBR configuration examples··························································································································371
Local PBR configuration example (based on packet type) ····································································371

ix
Interface PBR configuration example (based on packet type) ·······························································372
IPv4 PBR configuration example (using a QoS policy) ··········································································374
IPv6 PBR configuration example (using a QoS policy) ··········································································375
Document conventions and icons ······························································· 377
Conventions ···················································································································································377
Network topology icons··································································································································378
Support and other resources ······································································ 379
Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support ····························································································379
Accessing updates·········································································································································379
Websites ················································································································································380
Customer self repair·······························································································································380
Remote support······································································································································380
Documentation feedback ·······················································································································380
Index ··········································································································· 382

1
IP routing basics
Overview
The term "interface" in the routing features collectively refers to Layer 3 interfaces, including VLAN
interfaces and Layer 3 Ethernet interfaces. You can set an Ethernet port as a Layer 3 interface by
using the port link-mode route command (see Layer 2—LAN Switching Configuration Guide).
IP routing directs IP packet forwarding on routers based on a routing table. This book focuses on
unicast routing protocols. For more information about multicast routing protocols, see IP Multicast
Configuration Guide.
Routing table
A router maintains at least two routing tables: a global routing table and a FIB. The FIB table contains
only the optimal routes, and the global routing table contains all routes. The router uses the FIB table
to forward packets. For more information about the FIB table, see Layer 3—IP Services
Configuration Guide.
Table 1 categorizes routes by different criteria.
Table 1 Route categories
Criterion Categories
Destination
•Network route—The destination is a network. The subnet mask is less than 32
bits.
•Host route—The destination is a host. The subnet mask is 32 bits.
Whether the
destination is directly
connected
•Direct route—The destination is directly connected.
•Indirect route—The destination is indirectly connected.
Origin
•Direct route—A direct route is discovered by the data link protocol on an
interface, and is also called an "interface route."
•Static route—A static route is manually configured by an administrator.
•Dynamic route—A dynamic route is dynamically discovered by a routing
protocol.
To view brief information about a routing table, use the display ip routing-table command:
<Sysname> display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 1.1.1.1 Vlan11
2.2.2.0/24 Static 60 0 12.2.2.2 Vlan12
80.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 80.1.1.1 Vlan13
…
A route entry includes the following key items:
•Destination—IP address of the destination host or network.
•Mask—Mask length of the IP address.

2
•Pre—Preference of the route. Among routes to the same destination, the one with the highest
preference is optimal.
•Cost—If multiple routes to a destination have the same preference, the one with the smallest
cost becomes the optimal route.
•NextHop—Next hop.
•Interface—Output interface.
Dynamic routing protocols
Static routes work well in small stable networks. They are easy to configure and require fewer
system resources. However, in networks where topology changes occur frequently, a typical practice
is to configure a dynamic routing protocol. Compared with static routing, a dynamic routing protocol
is complicated to configure, requires more routers resources, and consumes more network
resources.
Dynamic routing protocols dynamically collect and report reachability information to adapt to
topology changes. They are suitable for large networks.
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified based on different criteria, as shown in Table 2:
Table 2 Dynamic routing protocols
Criterion Categories
Optional scope •IGPs—Work within an AS. Examples include RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS.
•EGPs—Work between ASs. The most popular one is BGP.
Routing algorithm
•Distance-vector protocols—RIP and BGP. BGP is also considered a
path-vector protocol.
•Link-state protocols—OSPF and IS-IS.
Destination address
type
•Unicast routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
•Multicast routing protocols—PIM-SM and PIM-DM.
IP version
•IPv4 routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
•IPv6 routing protocols—RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, and IPv6 IS-IS.
NOTE:
An AS refers to a group of routers that share the same routing policy and work under the same
administration.
Route preference
Routing protocols (including static and direct routing) each by default have a preference. If they find
multiple routes to the same destination, the router selects the route with the highest preference as
the optimal route.
The preference of a direct route is always 0 and cannot be changed. You can configure a preference
for each static route and each dynamic routing protocol as required. The following table lists the
route types and their default preferences. The smaller the value, the higher the preference.
Table 3 Route types and default route preferences
Routing approach Preference
Direct route 0
OSPF 10

3
Routing approach Preference
IS-IS 15
Static route 60
RIP 100
OSPF ASE 150
OSPF NSSA 150
IBGP 255
EBGP 255
Unknown (route from an untrusted source) 256
Load sharing
A routing protocol may find multiple optimal equal-cost routes to the same destination. You can use
these routes to implement equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) load sharing.
Static routing, IPv6 static routing, RIP/RIPng, OSPF/OSPFv3, BGP/IPv6 BGP, and IS-IS/IPv6 IS-IS
support ECMP load sharing.
The device performs load sharing based on the source IP address and destination IP address.
Route backup
Route backup can improve network availability. Among multiple routes to the same destination, the
route with the highest priority is the primary route and others are secondary routes.
The router forwards matching packets through the primary route. When the primary route fails, the
route with the highest preference among the secondary routes is selected to forward packets. When
the primary route recovers, the router uses it to forward packets.
Route recursion
To use a BGP route, static route (whose output interface is not configured), or RIP route that has an
indirectly connected next hop, a router must perform route recursion to find the output interface to
reach the next hop.
Link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS, do not need route recursion, because they
obtain directly connected next hops through route calculation.
Route redistribution
Route redistribution enables routing protocols to learn route information from each other. A dynamic
routing protocol can redistribute routes from other routing protocols including direct and static routing.
For more information, see the respective chapters on those routing protocols in this configuration
guide.
Displaying and maintaining a routing table

4
Task Command Remarks
Display routing table information.
display ip routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
[ verbose ] [ | { begin |exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes matching an IPv4
basic ACL.
display ip routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] acl
acl-number [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes to the specified
destination.
display ip routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ip-address [ mask |mask-length ]
[ longer-match ] [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes with destination
addresses in the specified range.
display ip routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ip-address1 { mask |mask-length }
ip-address2 { mask |mask-length }
[ verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routing information
matching an IPv4 prefix list.
display ip routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ip-prefix ip-prefix-name [ verbose ] [ |
{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display the routes of a routing
protocol.
display ip routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
protocol protocol [ inactive | verbose ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ] [ |{ begin | exclude
| include } regular-expression ] [ |
{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routing table statistics.
display ip routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
statistics [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Clear routing table statistics. reset ip routing-table statistics
protocol [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] {protocol |all }
Available in user view.
Display IPv6 routing table
information.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
[ verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes matching an IPv6
ACL.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] acl
acl6-number [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routing information for a
specified destination IPv6
address.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ipv6-address [ prefix-length ]
[ longer-match ] [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.

5
Task Command Remarks
Display IPv6 routes with
destination addresses in an IPv6
address range.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ipv6-address1 prefix-length1
ipv6-address2 prefix-length2 [ verbose ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routing information
permitted by an IPv6 prefix list.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ipv6-prefix ipv6-prefix-name
[ verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes of an IPv6 routing
protocol.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
protocol protocol [ inactive | verbose ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display IPv6 routing statistics.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
statistics [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Clear specified IPv6 routing
statistics.
reset ipv6 routing-table statistics
protocol [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] { protocol |all }
Available in user view.

6
Configuring static routing
Static routes are manually configured. If a network's topology is simple, you only need to configure
static routes for the network to work properly.
Static routes cannot adapt to network topology changes. If a fault or a topological change occurs in
the network, the network administrator must modify the static routes manually.
Configuring a static route
Before you configure a static route, complete the following tasks:
•Configure physical parameters for related interfaces.
•Configure link-layer attributes for related interfaces.
•Configure IP addresses for related interfaces.
Follow these guidelines when you configure a static route:
•The next hop address of a static route cannot be the IP address of a local interface.
•You can associate a track entry with a static route to monitor the reachability of the next hops.
For more information about track, see High Availability Configuration Guide.
•The device supports VPN instances for static routes. If no VPN is specified, the static route
belongs to the public network. For information about specifying VPN instances for static routes,
see MPLS Configuration Guide.
To configure a static route:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Configure a static
route.
•Approach 1:
ip route-static dest-address { mask | mask-length }
{ next-hop-address [ track track-entry-number ] |
interface-type interface-number
[ next-hop-address ] | vpn-instance
d-vpn-instance-name next-hop-address [ track
track-entry-number ] } [ preference
preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ] [ permanent ]
[ description description-text ]
•Approach 2:
ip route-static vpn-instance
s-vpn-instance-name&<1-6> dest-address { mask |
mask-length } { next-hop-address [ public ] [ track
track-entry-number ] | interface-type
interface-number [ next-hop-address ] |
vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name
next-hop-address [ track track-entry-number ] }
[ preference preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ]
[ permanent ] [ description description-text ]
Use either approach.
By default, no static
route is configured.
3. Configure the
default preference
for static routes.
ip route-static default-preference
default-preference-value
Optional.
60 by default.

7
Step Command Remarks
4. Delete all static
routes, including
the default route.
delete [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
static-routes all
Optional.
To delete one static
route, use the undo
ip route-static
command.
Configuring BFD for static routes
BFD provides a general-purpose, standard, medium-, and protocol-independent fast failure
detection mechanism. It can uniformly and quickly detect the failures of the bidirectional forwarding
paths between two routers for protocols, such as routing protocols and MPLS. For more information
about BFD, see High Availability Configuration Guide.
BFD control mode
To use BFD control packets for bidirectional detection between two devices, enable BFD control
mode on each device for the static route destined to the peer.
To configure a static route and enable BFD control mode for it, specify an output interface and a
direct next hop, or specify an indirect next hop and a specific BFD packet source address for the
static route.
To configure BFD control mode for a static route (direct next hop):
Step Command Remarks
5. Enter system view. system-view N/A
6. Configure a static
route and enable
BFD control mode
for it.
•Approach 1:
ip route-static dest-address { mask |mask-length }
interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd
control-packet [ preference preference-value ] [ tag
tag-value ] [ description description-text ]
•Approach 2:
ip route-static vpn-instance
s-vpn-instance-name&<1-6> dest-address {mask |
mask-length } interface-type interface-number
next-hop-address bfd control-packet [ preference
preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description
description-text ]
Use either
approach.
To configure BFD control mode for a static route (indirect next hop):
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Configure a static
route and enable
BFD control mode
for it.
•Approach 1:
ip route-static dest-address { mask | mask-length }
next-hop-address bfd control-packet bfd-source
ip-address [ preference preference-value ] [ tag
tag-value ] [ description description-text ]
•Approach 2:
ip route-static vpn-instance
s-vpn-instance-name&<1-6> dest-address {mask |
mask-length } next-hop-address bfd control-packet
bfd-source ip-address [ preference preference-value ]
[tag tag-value ] [ description description-text ]
Use either
approach.

8
BFD echo mode
With BFD echo packet mode enabled for a static route, the output interface sends BFD echo packets
to the destination device, which loops the packets back to test the link reachability.
IMPORTANT:
•Enabling BFD for a flapping route could worsen the situation.
•Do not use BFD for a static route with the output interface in spoofing state.
To configure BFD echo mode for static routes:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Configure the
source address of
echo packets. bfd echo-source-ip ip-address
Not configured by default.
For more information about
this command, see High
Availability Command
Reference.
3. Enable BFD echo
mode for static
routes.
•Approach 1:
ip route-static dest-address { mask |
mask-length } interface-type
interface-number next-hop-address bfd
echo-packet [ preference
preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ]
[ description description-text ]
•Approach 2:
ip route-static vpn-instance
s-vpn-instance-name&<1-6>
dest-address {mask |mask-length }
interface-type interface-number
next-hop-address bfd echo-packet
[ preference preference-value ] [ tag
tag-value ] [ description
description-text ]
Use either approach.
Configuring static route FRR
A link or router failure on a path can cause packet loss and even routing loop. Static route fast reroute
(FRR) enables fast rerouting to minimize the impact of link or node failures.
Figure 1 Network diagram for static route FRR

9
As shown in Figure 1, upon a link failure, FRR designates a backup next hop by using a routing
policy for routes matching the specified criteria. Packets are directed to the backup next hop to avoid
traffic interruption.
Configuration prerequisites
Create a routing policy to be referenced by FRR and use the apply fast-reroute backup-interface
command to specify a backup next hop in the routing policy. For more information about the
command and routing policy configurations, see "Configuring routing policies."
Configuration guidelines
•Static route FRR takes effect only for static routes that have both the output interface and next
hop specified.
•Do not use FRR and BFD at the same time.
Configuration procedure
To configure static route FRR:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Configure the source
address of BFD echo
packets. bfd echo-source-ip ip-address
Not configured by default.
For more information about this
command, see High Availability
Command Reference.
3. Configure static route FRR. ip route-static [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] fast-reroute
route-policy route-policy-name
Not configured by default.
Displaying and maintaining static routes
Task Command Remarks
Display static route information. display ip routing-table protocol static [ inactive
| verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any
view.
Static route configuration examples
Basic static route configuration example
Network requirements
Configure static routes in Figure 2 for interconnection between any two hosts.