Huawei Quidway S9300 User manual

Quidway S9300 Terabit Routing Switch
V100R001C02
Configuration Guide - QoS
Issue 03
Date 2009-08-20
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................1
1 Class-based QoS Configuration..............................................................................................1-1
1.1 Introduction to Class-based QoS.....................................................................................................................1-2
1.2 Class-based QoS Features Supported by the S9300........................................................................................1-2
1.3 Configuring Priority Mapping Based on Simple Traffic Classification.........................................................1-5
1.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task......................................................................................................1-5
1.3.2 Creating a DiffServ Domain and Configuring Priority Mapping..........................................................1-6
1.3.3 Configuring an Interface to Trust the Priority of Packets......................................................................1-7
1.3.4 (Optional) Setting the Default 802.1p Priority of an Interface...............................................................1-8
1.3.5 (Optional) Configuring the CFI Field as the Internal Drop Priority......................................................1-8
1.3.6 Applying a DiffServ Domain.................................................................................................................1-9
1.3.7 Checking the Configuration.................................................................................................................1-10
1.4 Configuring Complex Traffic Classification.................................................................................................1-10
1.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task....................................................................................................1-10
1.4.2 Creating a Traffic Classifier Based on Layer 2 Information................................................................1-11
1.4.3 Creating a Traffic Classifier Based on Layer 3 Information................................................................1-12
1.4.4 Creating a Traffic Classifier Based on an ACL...................................................................................1-13
1.4.5 Checking the Configuration.................................................................................................................1-16
1.5 Creating a Traffic Policy Based on Complex Traffic Classification.............................................................1-16
1.5.1 Establishing the Configuration Task....................................................................................................1-17
1.5.2 Configuring Complex Traffic Classification........................................................................................1-17
1.5.3 Configuring a Traffic Behavior............................................................................................................1-17
1.5.4 Creating a Traffic Policy......................................................................................................................1-21
1.5.5 Applying a Traffic Policy.....................................................................................................................1-22
1.5.6 Checking the Configuration.................................................................................................................1-23
1.6 Maintaining Class-based QoS.......................................................................................................................1-24
1.6.1 Displaying the Flow-based Traffic Statistics.......................................................................................1-24
1.6.2 Clearing the Flow-based Traffic Statistics...........................................................................................1-24
1.7 Configuration Examples................................................................................................................................1-25
1.7.1 Example for Configuring Priority Mapping Based on Simple Traffic Classification..........................1-25
1.7.2 Example for Re-marking the Priorities Based on Complex Traffic Classification..............................1-27
1.7.3 Example for Redirecting Packets Based on Complex Traffic Classification.......................................1-31
1.7.4 Example for Configuring Traffic Statistics Based on Complex Traffic Classification.......................1-35
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1.7.5 Example for Filtering Packets Based On Complex Traffic Classification...........................................1-38
2 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping Configuration...........................................................2-1
2.1 Overview of Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping.........................................................................................2-2
2.1.1 Traffic Policing......................................................................................................................................2-2
2.1.2 Traffic Shaping.......................................................................................................................................2-4
2.2 Configuring QoS CAR....................................................................................................................................2-5
2.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task......................................................................................................2-6
2.2.2 Creating a QoS CAR Template..............................................................................................................2-6
2.2.3 Applying the QoS CAR Template.........................................................................................................2-7
2.2.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................2-8
2.3 Configuring Traffic Policing Based on a Traffic Classifier............................................................................2-8
2.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task......................................................................................................2-8
2.3.2 Configuring Complex Traffic Classification..........................................................................................2-9
2.3.3 Configuring a Traffic Policing Action...................................................................................................2-9
2.3.4 Creating a Traffic Policy......................................................................................................................2-11
2.3.5 Applying the Traffic Policy..................................................................................................................2-11
2.3.6 Checking the Configuration.................................................................................................................2-13
2.4 Configuring CPCAR.....................................................................................................................................2-13
2.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task....................................................................................................2-14
2.4.2 Configuring CPCAR............................................................................................................................2-14
2.4.3 Checking the Configuration.................................................................................................................2-15
2.5 Configuring Traffic Shaping.........................................................................................................................2-15
2.5.1 Establishing the Configuration Task....................................................................................................2-15
2.5.2 Configuring Traffic Shaping on an Interface.......................................................................................2-16
2.5.3 Configuring Traffic Shaping in an Interface Queue.............................................................................2-17
2.6 Maintaining Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping........................................................................................2-18
2.6.1 Displaying the Traffic Statistics...........................................................................................................2-18
2.6.2 Clearing the Traffic Statistics...............................................................................................................2-18
2.7 Configuration Examples................................................................................................................................2-19
2.7.1 Example for Configuring QoS CAR....................................................................................................2-19
2.7.2 Example for Configuring Traffic Policing Based on a Traffic Classifier............................................2-23
2.7.3 Example for Configuring Traffic Policing for Host Packets................................................................2-30
2.7.4 Example for Configuring Traffic Shaping...........................................................................................2-32
3 Congestion Avoidance and Congestion Management Configuration.............................3-1
3.1 Overview of Congestion Avoidance and Congestion Management...............................................................3-2
3.1.1 Congestion Avoidance...........................................................................................................................3-2
3.1.2 Congestion Management........................................................................................................................3-3
3.2 Configuring Congestion Avoidance................................................................................................................3-4
3.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task......................................................................................................3-4
3.2.2 Creating a WRED Drop Profile.............................................................................................................3-5
3.2.3 Applying the WRED Drop Profile.........................................................................................................3-6
3.2.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................3-7
Contents
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3.3 Configuring Congestion Management............................................................................................................3-7
3.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task......................................................................................................3-7
3.3.2 Setting the Scheduling Mode for an Interface Queue............................................................................3-8
3.3.3 (Optional) Configuring Traffic Shaping................................................................................................3-9
3.3.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................3-9
3.4 Maintaining Congestion Avoidance and Congestion Management................................................................3-9
3.4.1 Displaying the Queue-based Statistics...................................................................................................3-9
3.4.2 Clearing the Queue-based Statistics.....................................................................................................3-10
3.5 Configuration Examples................................................................................................................................3-10
3.5.1 Example for Configuring Congestion Avoidance and Congestion Management................................3-10
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Figures
Figure 1-1 Networking diagram for configuring priority mapping based on simple traffic classification........1-25
Figure 1-2 Networking diagram for re-marking the priorities based on complex traffic classification.............1-28
Figure 1-3 Networking diagram for redirecting packets based on complex traffic classification.....................1-31
Figure 1-4 Networking diagram for configuring traffic statistics based on complex traffic classification.......1-35
Figure 1-5 Networking diagram for filtering packets based on complex traffic classification..........................1-39
Figure 2-1 Using a token bucket to measure the traffic.......................................................................................2-2
Figure 2-2 Networking diagram of traffic shaping...............................................................................................2-5
Figure 2-3 Networking diagram for configuring QoS CAR..............................................................................2-20
Figure 2-4 Networking diagram for configuring traffic policing based on a traffic classifier...........................2-24
Figure 2-5 Networking diagram for configuring traffic policing for host packets.............................................2-30
Figure 2-6 Networking diagram for configuring traffic shaping........................................................................2-32
Figure 3-1 Networking diagram for configuring congestion avoidance and congestion management..............3-11
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Tables
Table 1-1 Mapping between internal priorities and queues..................................................................................1-3
Table 2-1 Rules for making the color of a packet effective...............................................................................2-10
Table 2-2 QoS provided by the S9300 for upstream traffic...............................................................................2-23
Table 3-1 Congestion avoidance parameters......................................................................................................3-11
Table 3-2 Congestion management parameters..................................................................................................3-11
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About This Document
Purpose
This document describes QoS features of the S9300 including class-based QoS, traffic policing,
traffic shaping, congestion avoidance, and congestion management from function introduction,
configuration methods, maintenance and configuration examples.
This document guides you through the configuration and the applicable environment of QoS.
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
S9300 V100R001C02
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
lPolicy planning engineers
lInstallation and commissioning engineers
lNM configuration engineers
lTechnical support engineers
Organization
This document is organized as follows.
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Chapter Description
1 Class-based QoS
Configuration
Describes basic concepts of the traffic classifier, traffic
behavior, traffic policy, DiffServ domain, and priority
mapping, and provides configuration methods and
configuration examples of the priority mapping based on
simple traffic classification and the traffic policy based on
complex traffic classification.
2 Traffic Policing and
Traffic Shaping
Configuration
Describes basic concepts of traffic policing and traffic
shaping, and provides configuration methods and
configuration examples.
3 Congestion Avoidance
and Congestion
Management Configuration
Describes basic concepts of congestion avoidance and
congestion management, and provides configuration
methods and configuration examples.
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
DANGER
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which
if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance degradation, or unexpected results.
TIP
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save
time.
NOTE
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement
important points of the main text.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
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Convention Description
Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in
boldface. For example, log in as user root.
Italic Book titles are in italics.
Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are in
Courier New.
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italics.
[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
{ x | y | ... }*Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]*Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
&<1-n> The parameter before the & sign can be repeated 1 to n times.
# A line starting with the # sign is comments.
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles
are in boldface. For example, click OK.
>Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"
signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
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Keyboard Operations
The keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Format Description
Key Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.
Key 1+Key 2 Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt
+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.
Key 1, Key 2 Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A means
the two keys should be pressed in turn.
Mouse Operations
The mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Action Description
Click Select and release the primary mouse button without moving
the pointer.
Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and
quickly without moving the pointer.
Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the
pointer to a certain position.
Update History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 03 (2009-08-20)
The third commercial release has the following updates:
The following content is modified:
lAdd the SearchTitle and Keyword.
Updates in Issue 02 (2009-04-30)
The second commercial release has the following updates:
The following content is modified:
lVLAN configuration in all configuration examples
l"Configuring Traffic Shaping" in 2 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping Configuration
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l"Configuring Congestion Management" in 3 Congestion Avoidance and Congestion
Management Configuration
The following content is deleted:
lConfiguration of the mirroring function
Updates in Issue 01 (2009-02-28)
Initial commercial release.
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1 Class-based QoS Configuration
About This Chapter
This chapter describes the basic concepts of the traffic classifier, traffic behavior, traffic policy,
DiffServ domain, and priority mapping, and configuration methods and configuration examples
of the traffic policy based on complex traffic classification and priority mapping based on simple
traffic classification.
1.1 Introduction to Class-based QoS
This section describes the basic concepts of the Class-based QoS.
1.2 Class-based QoS Features Supported by the S9300
This section describes the Class-based QoS features supported by the S9300.
1.3 Configuring Priority Mapping Based on Simple Traffic Classification
This section describes how to configure priority mapping based on simple traffic classification.
1.4 Configuring Complex Traffic Classification
This section describes how to configure complex traffic classification.
1.5 Creating a Traffic Policy Based on Complex Traffic Classification
This section describes how to create a traffic policy based on complex traffic classification.
1.6 Maintaining Class-based QoS
This section describes how to maintain class-based QoS.
1.7 Configuration Examples
This section provides several configuration examples of class-based QoS.
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1.1 Introduction to Class-based QoS
This section describes the basic concepts of the Class-based QoS.
Class-based QoS is used to classify packets sharing common features into one class and provide
the same QoS service for traffic of the same type by matching packets with certain rules. In this
manner, differentiated services are provided.
1.2 Class-based QoS Features Supported by the S9300
This section describes the Class-based QoS features supported by the S9300.
Simple Traffic Classification
On the S9300, you can perform simple traffic classification for packets according to the mapping
between priorities of packets and Per-Hop Behaviors (PHBs) defined in a Differentiated Services
(DiffServ) domain. If packets come from an upstream device, the S9300 binds a DiffServ domain
to the incoming interface. In the DiffServ domain, the S9300 map priorities of the packets to
PHBs and colors. On the S9300, congestion management is performed for packets according to
PHBs of packets and congestion avoidance is performed for packets according to colors of
packets. If packets are sent to a downstream device, the S9300 binds a DiffServ domain to the
outgoing interface. In the DiffServ domain, the S9300 maps PHBs and colors of the packets to
priorities. Then, the downstream device provides QoS services according to the priorities of
packets.
Simple traffic classification is based on:
l802.1p priority of packets in a VLAN
lDiffServ Code Point (DSCP) priority of IP packets
lEXP priority of MPLS packets
Complex Traffic Classification
In addition to classification through a DiffServ domain, you can perform complex traffic
classification according to Layer 2 or Layer 3 information in packets or through access control
lists (ACLs). Then, you can bind a traffic classifier to a traffic behavior to process packets
matching the traffic classifier.
The traffic behavior adopted is related to the current phase of packets and the current load of a
network. For example, when packets enter a node, the S9300 performs traffic policing and access
control for the packets according to the committed information rate (CIR); when packets exit a
node, the S9300 performs traffic shaping and re-marking for the packets.
Complex traffic classification is based on:
l802.1p priority of packets in a VLAN
lVLAN ID of packets
lDouble tags of packets in a VLAN
lIncoming or outgoing interface
lIP priority of IP packets
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lDSCP priority of IP packets
lEXP priority of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) packets
lSYN Flag field in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) packets
lSource MAC address
lDestination MAC address
lProtocol type field encapsulated in Layer 2 packets
lLayer 3 protocol type
lIP quintuple
Priority Mapping
Packets carry different precedence fields on various networks. For example, packets carry the
802.1p field in a VLAN network, the DSCP field on an IP network, and the EXP field on an
MPLS network. When packets pass through different networks, the mapping of the precedence
fields of packets must be configured on the device connecting different networks. When the
S9300 is connected to different networks, the precedence fields in the packets entering the
S9300 are all mapped to internal priorities. The internal priorities are identified by class of service
(CoS) and colors defined in the DiffServ model. When the S9300 sends out packets, the internal
priorities are mapped to the external priorities.
The S9300 sends the packets to different interface queues according to the internal priority, and
then traffic shaping, congestion avoidance, and queue scheduling are performed for the queues.
The following Table 1-1 shows the mapping of internal priorities and queues.
Table 1-1 Mapping between internal priorities and queues
Internal Priority Queue Index
BE 0
AF1 1
AF2 2
AF3 3
AF4 4
EF 5
CS6 6
CS7 7
NOTE
The color is used to determine whether the packets are discarded, and is independent of the mapping of
internal priorities and queues.
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Traffic Behavior
Performing complex traffic classification is to provide differentiated services. Traffic
classification takes effect only when it is associated with traffic control or resource allocation
actions.
The S9300 supports the combinations of the following traffic actions:
lDeny/Permit
This traffic control action is the simplest. The S9300 controls network traffic by forwarding
or discarding packets.
lRe-marking
This traffic control action is used to set the precedence field in a packet. Packets carry
different precedence fields on various networks. For example, packets carry the 802.1p
field in a VLAN network, the DSCP field on an IP network, and the EXP field on an MPLS
network. Therefore, the S9300 is required to mark the precedence fields of packets
according to the network type.
Generally, a device at the border of a network needs to mark the precedence fields of
incoming packets; the device in the core of a network provides corresponding QoS services
according to the precedence fields marked by the border device, or re-marks the precedence
fields according to its own standard.
lRedirection
This traffic control action indicates that the S9300 does not forward packets according to
the destination address but redirects them to the CPU of the LPU, the specified interface,
the specified next hop address, or the Label Switching Path (LSP). The S9300 can specify
up to four next hops.
By using redirection, you can implement policy-based routing (PBR). The PBR is static.
When the next hops are all unavailable, the S9300 forwards the packets to the original
destination.
The S9300 can redirect only incoming packets.
lTraffic policing
It is a traffic control action used to limit traffic and resources by monitoring the specification
of the traffic. Through traffic policing, the S9300 can discard, and re-mark the colors and
CoS of packets that exceed the specification.
Here, traffic policing based on a traffic behavior is implemented. For details on traffic
policing, see 2 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping Configuration.
lFlow mirroring
Flow mirroring is used to copy the specified data packets to a specified destination to detect
and troubleshoot faults on a network.
For details about flow mirroring, see "Mirroring Configuration" in the Quidway S9300
Terabit Routing Switch Configuration Guide - Device Management.
lTraffic statistics
Traffic statistics are used to collect data packets of specified service flows, that is, data
packets matching complex traffic classification rules on the S9300.
Traffic Policy
A traffic policy is a QoS policy in which traffic classifiers are bound to traffic behaviors. You
can bind a specified traffic classifier to a traffic behavior through the traffic policy to perform
QoS in a better way.
1 Class-based QoS Configuration
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