IML FRACTOMETER II User manual

ENGLISH
INSRUCTION MANUAL AND GUARANTEE POLICY
IML-Instrumenta Mechanik Labor System GmbH
Parkstraße 33
69168 Wiesloch
Germany
Phone: [phone] / 6797-0
Fax: [phone] - 6797-10
Website: www.iml.de
E-mail: [email protected]
FRACTOMETER II
made in Germany by:
Stand 01/2013

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i
Table of contents
CONTENTS
PAGE
Basic Equipment
Accessories Fractometer II
1
Increment Borer
Accessories Increment Borer
2
The build of the Fractometer II
Operation of the Fractometer II
3
Measurement of the bending fracture strength
Procedure of the measurement
Fibre direction during the bending strength measurement
4 - 5
Measurement of the compression strength
Procedure of the measurement
Fibre direction during the compression strength
measurement
6 - 7
Tables and Graphs
Radial Bending Strength
Tangential Bending Strength
Compression Strength in fibre direction
8 - 9
Maintenance
Guarantee Policy
Utilization Policy
Safety Instructions
10
Instructions for Use
Miscellaneous
11
5

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Introduction
BASIC EQUIPMENT
Fractometer II
Accessories are included
1
Accessories:
Knife: Cutting of the core sample
Tweezers: Simplification for inserting the core sample in the measuring
device
Test Pin for The bending angle display can be examined with the test pin
Bending Angle in zero position. Insert the test pin into the bending device and
Display: link up the bending lever. Read off the value of the measuring
clock device and adjust the scale if necessary by turning the
knob.
Cutting 5 mm- Device for strength value up to 60 Mpa
Device: 2,5 mm- Device for strength value over 60 Mpa
Cutting device with knife

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Introduction: Preparation for the measurement with the Fractometer II
ZUWACHSBOHRER
Mit dem Zuwachsbohrer entnimmt man dem Holz einen Bohrkern mit dem
Durchmesser von 5 mm. Dieser dient dann zur Untersuchung der
Holzfestigkeit mit dem Fractometer II.
Zuwachsbohrer
Bohrkernentnahme
Hinweis:
Darauf achten, dass der Zuwachsbohrer
in einem guten Zustand ist, damit sie
einen intakten Bohrkern ziehen können.
INTAKTEN BOHRKERN ZIEHEN
Die Ursache einer schlechten Bohrkern- Qualität ist meistens, dass die
Bohrerschneide nicht scharf genug und/ oder deformiert ist; die Folge
sind zerrissene Bohrkerne oder Bohrkerne mit rauer Oberfläche.
Die Bohrerschneide muss regelmäßig nachgeschliffen werden, damit ein
optimaler Bohrkern entnommen werden kann.
ZUBEHÖRMATERIAL (ZUWACHSBOHRER):
-Zuwachsbohrer „SUUNTO“ 300/ 400 mm lang
-Verlängerung und Ausziehhilfe
-Handkurbel für Zuwachsbohrer
-Untersuchungsstab
-Zuwachsbohrer mit Pflegeset
-Ausstoßer
Der Ausstoßer für Bohrkerne aus dem Zuwachsbohrer
ermöglicht ein beschädigungsfreies Ausdrücken der
Bohrkerne aus dem Zuwachsbohrer. Durch das
Kunststoffgehäuse, welches über den Zuwachsbohrer
geschoben wird, ist auch eine Verletzungsgefahr beim
Ausdrücken der Bohrkerne weitestgehend ausgeschlosse
Ejector
2
INCREMENT BORER
With the use of the increment borer one can take a core sample out of
a wooden structure with a diameter of 5 mm. This core sample is then
used for assessing the wood stability with the Fractometer II.
Increment Borer
Withdrawal of core sample
NOTE:
Please make sure that increment borer is
in good condition!
HOW TO OBTAIN A GOOD CORE SAMPLE
The cause of obtaining a bad core sample is mostly due to a dull drilling
surface; A good indication for a bad core sample is if core sample does
not come out in one piece or if core sample has a rough surface.
Note: The drilling surface must be kept sharp at all times to ensure an
optimal core sample.
ACCESSORIES (INCREMENT BORER):
-Increment Borer „SUUNTO“ 300/ 400 mm length
-Lengthening and extract support
-Hand operated wheel for increment borer
-Examination Stick
-Increment Borer with Maintenance Kit
-Ejector
The ejector drives out the remaining parts that stay
in the increment borer after a core sample is obtained.
Due to the Plastic housing of the ejector which is
placed over the increment borer to clean the inside
the danger of injury is minimized.

3
Aufbau des Fractometer II
Im wesentlichen besteht der Fractometer II aus 5 Komponenten:
-Hebelpaar zur Messung der Druckfestigkeit (A)
-Hebelpaar zur Messung der Biegefestigkeit (B)
-Kraftmessuhr mit Schleppzeiger (C)
-Probeneinspannung zur Biegefestigkeitsmessung (D)
-Probeneinspannung zur Druckfestigkeitsmessung (E)
-Wegmessuhr zur Bestimmung des Biegewinkels (F)
A
C
B
D
E
Zur Bestimmung eines Festigkeitskennwertes wird der Bohrkern in die
jeweilige Einspannvorrichtung eingelegt und entsprechend seiner
Faserrichtung ausgerichtet.
Durch langsames kontinuierliches Bewegen des Hebelpaares wird eine
Kraft auf den Bohrkern übertragen. Die Kraft wird so lange erhöht bis
dieser versagt bzw. bricht. Gemessen wird hierbei die maximal
aufgebrachte Kraft. Diese Kraft entspricht dann der Versagenslast.
F
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Introduction
THE STRUCTURE OF THE FRACTOMETER II
The Fractometer II consists of 6 basic components:
-Lever for the measurement of the compression strength (A)
-Lever for the measurement of the bending strength (B)
-Measuring clock for strength with tow indicator (C)
-Bending Lever (D)
-Clamp device for core sample (E)
-Track measuring clock for the determination of the bending angle (F)
A
C
B
D
E
THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE FRACTOMETER II
For the determination of the strength value put the core sample in each
individual clamp device and position it correctly within the fiber direction.
Push the central lever continuously. A force will then be transmitted to
the clamp device and the core sample. The force is increased until the
core sample breaks. The measurement involves the maximum force
needed to break the core sample. This force corresponds to the
measuring values.
F

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Instruction Manual
4
MEASURING OF THE BENDING FRACTURE STRENGTH
The Fractometer II puts bending load on the core sample that was
taken from a wooden structure until it breaks. The bending break moment,
the breaking angle and the fracture energy can be determined.
Picture 1
FIBRE DIRECTION
To determine the radial bending strength it is important that the fibre
direction of the core sample is positioned parallel to the applied force.
Fibre direction
Used force
Core sample
BENDING STRENGTH
Due to the bending of the trunk, tension is transmitted in axial direction
to the trunk. In roots and curved trunks we will see perpendicular stress
or radial tensions. The radial tension strength is the resistance, which the
trunk opposes to a failure by perpendicular stress. This firmness works
against the emergence of the misfortune beam break.
PROCEDURE
The determination of the radial bending strength takes place in the
clamping device at the bending lever (Abb. 1).
The core sample is clamped in Fibre Direction into the device.
Then it is broken into several 11 mm long sample pieces to determine
the maximum strength or the radial bending strength. With the 11 mm
sample both measurements are possible.
Detail:
Insertion of core sample
for measurement of
bending fracture strength
Detail
Radial Bending Strength

Note: It is important that the red tow indicator of the Fractometer II
is positioned clockwise to the zero mark.
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Instruction Manual
5
For the measurement of the bending strength the 2 levers are pushed
together as long as it takes to break the core sample; During that time
one should make sure to focus on the pointer of the protractor where
the bending angle of the core sample can be read of the scale.
With the ring of the breaking angle measurement device the angle
Measurement can be adjusted to zero (neutral point adjustment).
Biegehebel
Bruchwinkelmesser
When measuring the radial bending moment the core sample fails first on
the tension side. Therefore the radial bending strength can be used as a
measurement for the radial tension strength. The result can be read off the
tow indicator. The yellow scale on the outside indicates the mechanical
property in Mpa (mega Pascal); the internal blue scale displays the applied
strength in Newton Units.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
The pointer that measures the bending break angle does not stop when
the core sample breaks; Therefore, it is important to focus on the pointer
during the bending process!
Scale for Bending
Strength Measurement
(left side)
Biegehebel
Breaking angle measurement device
Scale for
Compression
Strength
Measurement
(right side)
Bending lever

Stress force
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Instruction Manual
6
Biegehebel
Bruchwinkelmesser
MEASURING OF THE COMPRESSION STRENGTH
FIBRE DIRECTION
The core sample is loaded parallel with stress until the first failure.
After the first failure occurs the maximal fracture force or the axial fracture
strength can be determined.
Stress applied in the direction of the fibres
Stress force
Note: When assessing fracture strength, it is important that the red tow
indicator of the Fractometer II is positioned counter clockwise to the zero
mark.
Make sure that the fiber direction of the core sample is positioned
parallel to the applied force that presses onto the core sample.
IMPORTANT NOTICE:
The 5 mm diameter core sample should not overhang, because this may
influence the overall measurement.
Stability value
(yellow scale)
Strength in units of
Newton (blue scale)
Zero- Mark
Core sample
COMPRESSION STRENGTHS
During the bending, tension fracture is transferred on the core sample
in radial direction. The axial fracture strength is the resistance, which
the trunk opposes to a failure by applying axial stress.
Axial Compression Strength

For the measurement of the fracture strength the 2 levers are
pushed together as long as it takes to break the core sample;
The tow indicator stops with the measured value and that
can be read off immediately in Mpa and/or Newton units.
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7
Instruction Manual
Compression
Failure
Compression Strength Failure
Distance
Point 2:
Optimal Measuring
Result
Weg
Punkt 2:
gewünschter Messwert
Way
Strengt
h
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Compression Failure
way
way
way

8
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Tables and Graphs
IMPORTANT NOTE:
The tables are only an example. Don’t forget to focus on the overall structure
and health of a tree!
Resources for Tables and Graphs:
- Different Strengths of Green Woods (Götz, 2000)
- Research Center in Karlsruhe, Germany
Radial Bending Strength
Tangential Bending Strength

9
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Compression Strength in Fiber Direction
Tables and Graphs

MAINTENANCE AND CARE
Maintenance
On principle, maintenance of the Fractometer II will be carried out by
the manufacturer or by an authorized service company. According to
the conditions of guarantee, the Fractometer II should be send in for
a first inspection after one year at the latest.
GUARANTEE CONDITIONS
The term of guarantee for the Fractometer II is 24 month. The guarantee
is based on the condition that the instrument will be used exclusively for
the purposes it has been designed for and the safety instructions below
are observed. The manufacturer will not be liable for damages owing to
inappropriate utilization or handling. The warranty for defects does not
cover normal wear and tear (wearing parts) nor damages resulting from
inappropriate or negligent handling and excessive strain that have not
been provided in the contract of purchase.
(Please also refer to the manufacturer’s „General Terms of Business“)
INSTRUCTIONS FOR UTILIZATION
The user accepts the manufacture’s instruction for utilization,
when he operates the instrument for the first time. The instrument
must not be operated unless the user has thoroughly read the present
instructions for use.
The manufacturer will not be liable for damages owing to inappropriate
handling, employment of the instrument for purposes that are not provided
in the present instructions for use, and non- observance of the safety
instructions.
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
The instrument must not be utilized other than the purpose described
in the present instructions for use (examination of wood or material that
is similar to wood). The manufacturer (vendor) will not be liable for
inappropriate employment of the instrument.
The buyer agrees to hand the present instructions of use over to any
person whom he may lend the instrument and to draw his/ her attention
to the important notes concerning danger.
10
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Biegehebel
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Maintenance and Care
11
NOTE: For normal utilization of the Fractometer II, opening the instrument will not be
required. If the Fractometer II has been opened by any person other than authorized by
IML, all claims for guarantee will become extinct.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Materials:
The Fractometer II measuring instrument has been designed for use of
wooden materials such as; trees, beams and poles. Inappropriate utilization
may cause damages to the measuring system and/or the material to be
examined.
Certainty of Reading:
The measuring results gathered by utilizing the Fractometer II system
are not self- explanatory, they require qualified interpretation.
Any conclusions with respect to the examined object (ex. Core sample
of tree) will be left to the sole responsibility of the person who performs
the examination. The manufacturer of the instruments will not be responsible
for wrong interpretations and conclusions. IML recommends attending one
of our seminars or workshops!
GENERAL INFORMATION
Concept Goals
It was the intention of those who developed the Fractometer II system
to design a measuring instrument which is easy to handle, sturdy,
and precise at the same time.
Moisture
During storage and utilization of the Fractometer II measuring system,
one should generally avoid the contact of water and moisture, despite
its splash-proof casing. Although the main components are protected
against intake of water, one should –in order to avoid malfunction or
failure –consider that instruments are generally sensitive to moisture!
Biegehebel