Intel 480T User manual

A14542-001
100044-00 Rev 01
Intel®NetStructure™480T Routing Switch User Guide
Intel®NetStructure™
480T Routing Switch
User Guide

Copyright © 2000, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Intel Corporation, 5200 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro OR 97124-6497
Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this manual. Nor does Intel make any commitment to update the
information contained herein.
* Other product and corporate names may be trademarks of other companies and are used only for explanation and
to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe.
First Edition May 2000 A14542-001
Year 2000 Capable
An Intel® product, when used in accordance with its associated documentation, is "Year 2000 Capable" when, upon
installation, it accurately stores, displays, processes, provides, and/or receives date data from, into, and between 1999
and 2000, and the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including leap year calculations, provided that all other
technology used in combination with said product properly exchanges date data with it. Intel makes no representation
about individual components within the product should they be used independently from the product as a whole.

Contents
Introduction................................................................. 11
Conventions ................................................................ 12
Related Publications ................................................... 13
Chapter 1 Overview 15
Summary of Features.................................................. 15
Media Types and Distances .................................. 17
Full-Duplex Support ............................................. 18
Virtual LANs (VLANs)........................................ 18
Spanning Tree* Protocol (STP)............................ 19
Quality of Service (QoS) ...................................... 19
Unicast Routing .................................................... 19
IP Multicast Routing............................................. 20
Load Sharing......................................................... 20
Software Licensing ..................................................... 20
Router Licensing................................................... 20
480T Switch Front View............................................. 22
480T Switch Rear View.............................................. 23
AC Connector ....................................................... 23
Serial Number....................................................... 23
Console Port.......................................................... 23
Management Port.................................................. 24
MAC Address ....................................................... 24
Switch LEDs............................................................... 24
Software Factory Defaults .......................................... 26
Chapter 2 Installation and Setup 29
Following Safety Information..................................... 29
Determining the Switch Location............................... 29
Installing the Switch ................................................... 30
Rack Mounting ..................................................... 30
Free-Standing........................................................ 31
Connecting Equipment to the Console Port................ 32
Powering On the Switch ............................................. 32
Checking the Installation ............................................ 32

2
Table of Contents
2
Logging In for the First Time ..................................... 33
Installing the Gigabit Interface Connector (GBIC) .... 34
Chapter 3 Accessing the Switch 35
Understanding the Command Syntax ......................... 36
Syntax Helper ....................................................... 36
Command Completion with Syntax Helper.......... 37
Abbreviated Syntax............................................... 37
Command Shortcuts.............................................. 37
Numerical Ranges................................................. 37
Names ................................................................... 38
Symbols ................................................................ 38
Line-Editing Keys....................................................... 39
Command History....................................................... 40
Common Commands .................................................. 40
Configuring Management Access............................... 44
Default Accounts .................................................. 46
Creating a Management Account ......................... 47
Methods of Managing the Switch............................... 48
Using the Console Interface.................................. 48
Using Access Profiles ................................................. 49
Creating an Access Profile.................................... 49
Access Profile Rules ............................................. 51
Using Telnet................................................................ 51
Connecting to Another Host Using Telnet ........... 52
Configuring Switch IP Parameters ....................... 52
Disconnecting a Telnet Session ............................ 55
Controlling Telnet Access .................................... 55
RADIUS*Client ......................................................... 56
Per-Command Authentication Using RADIUS.... 56
Configuring RADIUS Client ................................ 56
RADIUS RFC 2138 Attributes............................. 59
IP Host Configuration Commands.............................. 60
Domain Name Service Client Services....................... 61
Using the Simple Network Time Protocol.................. 62
Configuring and Using SNTP............................... 63
SNTP Configuration Commands.......................... 67
SNTP Example ..................................................... 68

3
3
Table of Contents
Using Web Device Manager....................................... 68
Controlling Web Access ....................................... 68
Using SNMP............................................................... 69
Accessing Switch Agents...................................... 69
Supported MIBs.................................................... 70
Configuring SNMP Settings ................................. 70
Displaying SNMP Settings ................................... 72
Resetting and Disabling SNMP ............................ 73
Checking Basic Connectivity...................................... 73
Ping ....................................................................... 74
Traceroute ............................................................. 74
Chapter 4 Configuring Switch Ports 75
Enabling and Disabling Ports ..................................... 75
Configuring Port Speed and Duplex Setting............... 76
Turning Off Autonegotiation for a Gigabit
Ethernet Port ......................................................... 76
Port Commands........................................................... 77
Jumbo Frames............................................................. 80
Enabling Jumbo Frames........................................ 80
Load Sharing............................................................... 80
Load Sharing Algorithms...................................... 81
Configuring Load Sharing .................................... 82
Load-Sharing Example ......................................... 82
Verifying the Load Sharing Configuration........... 83
Port-Mirroring............................................................. 83
Port-Mirroring Commands ................................... 84
Port-Mirroring Example ....................................... 84
Enterprise Discovery Protocol.................................... 85
EDP Commands.................................................... 85
Chapter 5 Virtual LANs (VLANs) 87
Overview of Virtual LANs ......................................... 87
Benefits ................................................................. 87
Types of VLANs......................................................... 88
Port-Based VLANs............................................... 88
Tagged VLANs..................................................... 91
Protocol-Based VLANs ........................................ 94

4
Table of Contents
4
Precedence of Tagged Packets Over Protocol
Filters .................................................................... 97
VLAN Names ............................................................. 97
Default VLAN ...................................................... 98
Configuring VLANs on the Switch ............................ 98
VLAN Configuration Examples ......................... 100
Displaying VLAN Settings....................................... 101
Deleting VLANs....................................................... 102
Generic VLAN Registration Protocol....................... 103
GVRP and Spanning Tree*Domains.................. 104
GVRP Commands............................................... 104
MAC-Based VLANs................................................. 105
MAC-Based VLAN Guidelines.......................... 106
MAC-Based VLAN Limitations......................... 107
MAC-Based VLAN Commands......................... 107
MAC-Based VLAN Example............................. 108
Timed Configuration Download for MAC-Based
VLANs................................................................ 108
Chapter 6 Forwarding Database (FDB) 111
Overview of the FDB................................................ 111
FDB Contents ..................................................... 111
FDB Entry Types................................................ 111
How FDB Entries Get Added ............................. 113
Associating a QoS Profile with an FDB Entry ... 113
Configuring FDB Entries.......................................... 113
FDB Configuration Examples ............................ 114
Displaying FDB Entries............................................ 115
Removing FDB Entries............................................. 116
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree* Protocol (STP) 117
Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol ................. 117
Spanning Tree Domains............................................ 118
STPD Status for GVRP-Added Ports ................. 118
Defaults............................................................... 119
STP Configurations................................................... 119
Configuring STP on the Switch................................ 122
STP Configuration Example............................... 124

5
5
Table of Contents
Displaying STP Settings ........................................... 125
Disabling and Resetting STP .................................... 125
Chapter 8 Quality of Service (QoS) 127
Overview of Policy-Based Quality of Service.......... 127
Performance Impact............................................ 128
Building Blocks ........................................................ 128
QoS Profiles.............................................................. 129
Modifying a QoS Profile..................................... 131
Applications and Types of QoS.......................... 131
Traffic Groupings and Creating a QoS Policy.......... 133
IP-Based Traffic Groupings................................ 134
MAC-Based Traffic Groupings .......................... 135
Explicit Class of Service (802.1p and
Differentiated Services) Traffic Groupings ........ 137
Configuring DiffServ.......................................... 141
Physical and logical groupings ........................... 145
Verifying Configuration and Performance ............... 146
Displaying QoS Information............................... 146
QoS Monitor ....................................................... 146
Modifying a QoS Policy ........................................... 148
Configuring QoS....................................................... 148
Chapter 9 Enterprise Standby Router
Protocol 151
Overview................................................................... 151
ESRP-Aware Switches ....................................... 152
ESRP Basics ............................................................. 152
Determining the ESRP Master.................................. 153
ESRP Election Algorithms ................................. 154
Master Switch Behavior...................................... 155
Standby Switch Behavior.................................... 155
Electing the Master Switch................................. 155
Failover Time...................................................... 155
Configuring ESRP and Multinetting......................... 156
ESRP and VLAN aggregation .................................. 156
ESRP Commands...................................................... 157

6
Table of Contents
6
ESRP Examples .................................................. 159
Displaying ESRP Information .................................. 163
Chapter 10 IP Unicast Routing 165
Overview of IP Unicast Routing............................... 165
Router Interfaces................................................. 166
Populating the Routing Table ............................. 167
Proxy ARP ................................................................ 169
ARP-Incapable Devices...................................... 169
Proxy ARP Between Subnets ............................. 169
Relative Route Priorities........................................... 170
IP Multinetting.......................................................... 171
IP Multinetting Operation................................... 172
IP Multinetting Examples ................................... 173
Configuring IP Unicast Routing ............................... 175
Verifying the IP Unicast Routing Configuration 175
VLAN Aggregation .................................................. 176
VLAN Aggregation Properties ........................... 177
VLAN Aggregation Limitations......................... 178
Isolation Option for Communication Between
Sub-VLANs ........................................................ 178
VLAN Aggregation Commands ......................... 179
VLAN Aggregation Example ............................. 179
Verifying the VLAN Aggregation
Configuration...................................................... 180
Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay........................... 180
Verifying the DHCP/BOOTP Relay
Configuration...................................................... 181
UDP-Forwarding ...................................................... 181
Configuring UDP-Forwarding............................ 182
UPD-Forwarding Example ................................. 182
ICMP Packet Processing..................................... 182
UDP-Forwarding Commands ............................. 183
IP Commands............................................................ 184
Routing Configuration Example............................... 191
Displaying Router Settings ....................................... 193
Resetting and Disabling Router Settings .................. 194

7
7
Table of Contents
Chapter 11 RIP and OSPF 197
Overview................................................................... 197
RIP Versus OSPF................................................ 198
Overview of RIP ....................................................... 199
Routing Table ..................................................... 199
Split Horizon....................................................... 200
Poison Reverse.................................................... 200
Triggered Updates............................................... 200
Route Advertisement of VLANs ........................ 200
RIP Version 1 Versus RIP Version 2.................. 200
Overview of OSPF.................................................... 201
Link-State Database............................................ 201
Areas ................................................................... 202
Route Re-Distribution............................................... 206
Configuring Route Re-Distribution .................... 206
OSPF Timers and Authentication....................... 208
Configuring RIP........................................................ 208
RIP Configuration Example...................................... 212
Displaying RIP Settings............................................ 214
Resetting and Disabling RIP..................................... 215
Configuring OSPF .................................................... 216
OSPF Configuration Example .................................. 220
Configuration for ABR1 ..................................... 222
Configuration for IR1 ......................................... 223
Displaying OSPF Settings ........................................ 223
Resetting and Disabling OSPF Settings.................... 224
Chapter 12 IP Multicast Routing 227
Overview................................................................... 227
DVMRP Overview ............................................. 228
PIM-DM Overview............................................. 228
IGMP Overview.................................................. 229
Configuring IP Multicasting Routing ....................... 230
Configuration Example............................................. 234
Configuration for IR1 ......................................... 235
Displaying IP Multicast Routing Settings ................ 235
Deleting and Resetting IP Multicast Settings ..... 236

8
Table of Contents
8
Chapter 13 IPX*Routing 237
Overview of IPX*..................................................... 237
Router Interfaces................................................. 237
IPX Encapsulation Types.................................... 239
Populating the Routing Table ............................. 239
IPX/RIP Routing....................................................... 240
Routing SAP Advertisements ............................. 241
Configuring IPX ....................................................... 241
Verifying IPX Router Configuration .................. 242
Protocol-Based VLANs for IPX......................... 243
IPX Commands......................................................... 244
IPX Configuration Example ..................................... 248
Displaying IPX Settings............................................ 249
Resetting and Disabling IPX..................................... 250
Chapter 14 Access Policies 253
Overview of Access Policies .................................... 253
Access Lists ........................................................ 253
Routing Access Policies...................................... 254
Using IP Access Lists ............................................... 254
The established Keyword.................................... 256
Adding and Deleting Access List Entries........... 256
Access Lists for ICMP........................................ 256
Verifying Access List Configurations ................ 257
Access List Commands....................................... 258
Using Routing Access Policies................................. 262
Creating an Access Profile.................................. 262
Configuring an Access Profile............................ 262
Applying Access Profiles.................................... 263
Routing Access Policies for RIP......................... 263
Routing Access Policies for OSPF ..................... 265
Routing Access Policies for DVMRP................. 267
Routing Access Policies for PIM-DM................ 268
Making Changes to a Routing Access Policy Access
Profile........................................................................ 269
Removing a Routing Access Policy.......................... 269
Routing Access Policy Commands........................... 270

9
9
Table of Contents
Chapter 15 Status Monitoring and
Statistics 273
Status Monitoring ..................................................... 273
Port Statistics ............................................................ 275
Port Errors................................................................. 276
Port Monitoring Display Keys.................................. 277
Logging..................................................................... 278
Local Logging..................................................... 279
Remote Logging ................................................. 280
Logging Configuration Changes......................... 281
Logging Commands............................................ 281
RMON ...................................................................... 283
About RMON ..................................................... 283
RMON Features of the Switch............................ 284
Configuring RMON............................................ 285
Event Actions...................................................... 286
Chapter 16 Using Web Device Manager 287
Enabling and Disabling Web Access........................ 287
Setting Up Your Browser ......................................... 288
Accessing Web Device Manager.............................. 289
Navigating Web Device Manager............................. 289
Task Frame ......................................................... 290
Content Frame..................................................... 290
Standalone Buttons ............................................. 291
Saving Changes......................................................... 292
Filtering Information................................................. 292
Do a GET When Configuring a VLAN.................... 292
Chapter 17 Using Intel®Device View 295
Installing Intel Device View..................................... 296
To Install Intel Device View............................... 296
Starting Intel Device View ....................................... 297
Windows Version ............................................... 297
Web Version ....................................................... 297
Installing a New Device............................................ 298

10
Table of Contents
10
To Install and Configure a New Switch for
Management......................................................... 298
Using the Device Tree .............................................. 299
Device Tree icons ............................................... 300
Managing a Switch ................................................... 302
Viewing RMON Information.................................... 303
Chapter 18 Software Upgrade and Boot
Options 305
Downloading a New Image ...................................... 305
Rebooting the Switch.......................................... 306
Saving Configuration Changes ................................. 307
Returning to Factory Defaults............................. 307
Using TFTP to Upload the Configuration ................ 308
Using TFTP to Download the Configuration ........... 309
Downloading a Complete Configuration............ 309
Downloading an Incremental Configuration ...... 310
Scheduled Incremental Configuration
Download............................................................ 310
Remember to Save.............................................. 311
Upgrading and Accessing BootROM ....................... 311
Upgrading BootROM ......................................... 311
Accessing the BootROM menu .......................... 311
Boot Option Commands ........................................... 312

Preface
This section includes an overview of this guide, describes guide
conventions, and lists other useful publications.
Introduction
This guide provides the information you need to configure the Intel®
NetStructure™480T Routing switch.
It is intended for use by network administrators who are responsible for
installing and setting up network equipment, and assumes a basic working
knowledge of the following:
• Local Area Networks (LANs)
• Ethernet concepts
• Ethernet switching and bridging concepts
• Routing concepts
• Internet Protocol (IP) concepts
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First
(OSPF)
• IP Multicast concepts
• Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) concepts
• Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM) concepts

12
P R E F A C E
•Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) concepts
•Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Note If the information in the “Late Breaking News”shipped
with your switch differs from the information in this
guide, follow the “Late Breaking News.”
Conventions
Table 1 lists conventions that are used throughout this guide.
Table 1: Text Conventions
Convention Description
Screen displays This typeface indicates command syntax, or represents
information as it appears on the screen.
Screen displays
bold
This typeface indicates how you would type a particular
command.
The words “enter”
and “type”
When you see the word “enter”in this guide, you must type
something, and then press the Return or Enter key. Do not press
the Return or Enter key when an instruction simply says “type.”
[Key] names Key names are written with brackets, such as [Return] or [Esc].
If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the key
names are linked with a plus sign (+). Example:
Press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del].
Words in italicized
type
Italics emphasize a point or denote new terms at the place where
they are defined in the text.

P R E F A C E
13
Related Publications
The following is a list of related publications:
•Command Line Interface Reference Guide
•Intel
®NetStructure™480T Routing Switch Quick Start Guide
•“Late Breaking News”
Documentation for Intel products is available on the World Wide
Web at the following location:
•Intel home page http://support.intel.com

14
P R E F A C E

Overview
The local management software is a full-featured software operating
system that is designed to run on the Intel®NetStructure™480T Routing
switch.
This chapter describes the following:
•Features
•How to use the switch in your network configuration
•Software factory default settings
Summary of Features
The features of the 480T switch include the following:
•Virtual local area networks (VLANs) including support for IEEE
802.1Q
•IEEE 802.1p - priority queuing
•VLAN aggregation
•Spanning Tree*Protocol (STP) (IEEE 802.1D) with multiple STP
domains
•Policy-Based Quality of Service (PB-QoS)
•Wire-speed Internet Protocol (IP) routing
•IP Multinetting
1

16
C H A P T E R 1 Overview
•DHCP/BOOTP Relay
•Enterprise Standby Router Protocol (ESRP)
•Routing Information Protocol (RIP) version 1 and RIP version 2
•Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol
•Wire-speed IP multicast routing support
•Diffserv support
•Access-policy support for routing protocols
•Access list support for packet filtering
•IGMP snooping to control IP multicast traffic
•Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)
•Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM)
•IPX, IPX/RIP, and IPX/SAP support
•Load sharing (link aggregation) on multiple ports
•RADIUS client and per-command authentication support
•Console command-line interface (CLI) connection
•Telnet CLI connection
•Web-based management interface
•Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) support
•Remote Monitoring (RMON)
•Traffic mirroring for all ports
•Intel®Device View (IDV) support

C H A P T E R 1 Overview
17
Media Types and Distances
Table 2 describes the media types and distances for the different
types of 480T switch ports.
Table 3 describes the specifications for the 1000BASE-LX70
interface.
Table 2: Media Types and Distances
Standard Media Type
Mhz/
Km
Rating
Maximum
Distance
1000BASE-SX 50/125 µm Multimode Fiber
50/125 µm Multimode Fiber
62.5/125 µm Multimode Fiber
62.5/125 µm Multimode Fiber
400
500
160
200
500 Meters
550 Meters
220 Meters
275 Meters
1000BASE-LX 50/125 µm Multimode Fiber
50/125 µm Multimode Fiber
62.5/125 µm Multimode Fiber
10µ Single-mode Fiber
400
500
500
550 Meters
550 Meters
550 Meters
5,000 Meters
1000LH 10µ Single-mode Fiber 70,000
Meters
1000BASE-T
100BASE-TX
10BASE-T
Category 5 and higher UTP Cable
Category 5 and higher UTP Cable
Category 3 and higher UTP Cable
100 Meters
100 Meters
100 Meters
Table 3: 1000LH Specifications
Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum
Transceiver
Optical Output Power 0dBm 3dBm 5dBm1
Center Wavelength 1540nm 1550nm 1560nm

18
C H A P T E R 1 Overview
1. THE TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER LEVEL FOR THE 1000BASE-LX70 IS +5DBM. THE
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE RECEIVER INPUT POWER LEVEL IS -3DBM. THEREFORE, THERE IS A
MINIMUM OF 8DB LOSS REQUIRED FOR THE LINK TO OPERATE WITHOUT ERRORS. THIS MINIMUM
REQUIRED LOSS CAN BE ACHIEVED USING AFIBER LENGTH OF 32KM (0.25DB/KM PROVIDES 8DB
LOSS), OR BY ADDING 10DB OF FIXED OPTICAL ATTENUATOR AT THE RECEIVER END.
Full-Duplex Support
The 480T switch provides full-duplex support for all ports. Full-
duplex mode allows frames to be transmitted and received
simultaneously and, in effect, doubles the bandwidth available on a
link. All 100/1000 Mbps ports on the switch autonegotiate for half-
or full-duplex operation. The 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX and
1000LH ports operate in full-duplex mode, only.
Virtual LANs (VLANs)
The local management software has a VLAN feature that enables you
to construct your broadcast domains without being restricted by
physical connections. A VLAN is a group of location- and topology-
independent devices that communicate as if they were on the same
physical local area network (LAN).
Implementing VLANs on your network has the following three
advantages:
•They help to control broadcast traffic. If a device in VLAN
Marketing transmits a broadcast frame, only VLAN Marketing
devices receive the frame.
•They provide extra security. Devices in VLAN Marketing can only
communicate with devices on VLAN Sales using routing services.
Receiver
Optical Input Power Sensitivity -20dBm
Optical Input Power Maximum -3dBm
Operating Wavelength 1200nm 1560nm
Table 3: 1000LH Specifications (continued)
Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum