IonOpticks Aurora Series User manual

Recommendedguidelines for optimalsetupand
operation of Aurora Series columns:
IonOpticks accessories featured in these guidelines:
User Guide
Aurora Series™
UHPLCpacked emitter columns
Aurora Frontier Aurora Rapid150
AUR3-60075C18 AUR3-50150C18
AUR3-60075C18-CSI AUR3-50150C18-CSI
AUR3-60075C18-TS
Aurora Ultimate Aurora Rapid75
AUR3-25075C18 AUR3-5075C18
AUR3-25075C18-CSI AUR3-5075C18-CSI
AUR3-25075C18-TS
Aurora Elite
AUR3-15075C18
AUR3-15075C18-CSI
AUR3-15075C18-TS
IonOpticks 5cm Rapid Column Housing (5CMNFSH1)
IonOpticks TS Nanospray Flex Adapter (TSFLXAD01)
IonOpticks Column Heater (COLHTR01)
IonOpticks Heater Controller (IOHEATCON1)
IonOpticks Column Heater Extension Cable (EXTCABLE03)

Index.
Product Features 3
Compatibility 3
Video installationguides 4
Fitting Aurora Series columns to your UHPLC system
For Bruker CaptiveSpraysource 6
Using Bruker Column Toaster 7
Using Sonation Column Oven (PRSO-V1 and PRSO-V2) 8
For ThermoScientific Nanospray Flex source 9
with Sonation Column Oven (PRSO-V1 and PRSO-V2) 9
with an IonOpticks 5cm Rapid Column Housing (5CMNFSH1)
with an IonOpticks TS Nanospray Flex Adapter (TSFLXAD01) 11
For ThermoScientific EasySpray Source 13
with a TS column into an EasySpray source (ES081 and ES082) 13
Setting up the IonOpticks Heater and Heater Controller (COLHTR01 and IOHEATCON1) 5
Operationof Aurora Series columns 14
Initial operation 14
Standbyand idle conditions 14
Removal from a UHPLC 14
Recommended buffercompositions 14
Column volumes 14
Column temperature 14
Column equilibration 14
Sample loading 14
Example data 14
Recommended gradients 15
DISCLAIMER: The use of “we” “us” or “our” in this User Guide are references to IonOpticks Pty Ltd ACN 621 674 459. The information in this User
Guide including (without limitation) the recommendations, safety guidelines and product warnings with respect to the use of our products are to be read
strictly subject to our terms and conditions which can be located at www.ionopticks.com and the limitations and exclusions of our liability found within
those terms. Products should not be used if they appear damaged. We accept no liability for any loss or damage howsoever or wherever arising (including
death and/or personal injury)which results from or is connected with the failure by the customer to use our products strictlyin accordance with the
directions in this User Guide.
10
2© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd
Spray voltage
Operating environmental conditions 14
14

Innovative Design.
Transforming Proteomics.
Our columns are differentiated by two key technological advances:
a unique packed emitter design that enables maximum mobile
phase velocity with no post-column dead volume; and our own
nanoZero® technology that provides user friendly ‘plug and play’
connections with true zero pre-column dead volume. Together,
these features combine to maximise chromatographic efficiency
and dramatically enhance performance, providing a best in class
solution for peptide and metabolite LC-MS separations.
Product Features
Integrated emitter with zero post-column dead volume.
Pre-fitted with nanoZero® to provide a zero-dead-volume
female union between a nanoViper™ Fingertight fitting (or
equivalent) and the Aurora series column.
nanoZero® fitting incorporates a 10-32 internal thread for
easy installation.
Designed to withstand ultra-high-performance LC
(UHPLC) backpressures of >1700 bar.
nanoZero® is electrically conductive to allow a voltage
connection to the entrance of the column.
Performance guarantee
Our columns are subjected to rigorous quality control procedures under
the direct eye of our Senior Scientists. All IonOpticks products are
covered by our 100% performance guarantee. Any item not meeting our
high-performance expectations due to manufacturing defects will be
replaced without charge to the customer.
Please contact us at [email protected] if you have any concerns
relating to your column. Our terms and conditions are provided with
every quote, but we want to make sure you are receiving a quality
product every time so please do not hesitate to get in touch with any
feedback or concerns.
Compatibility.
Aurora columns are compatible with a wide range of LC-MS
systems. Compatibility is not limited to equipment presented in
this guide. For further information about instrument
compatibility, please visit helpcentre.ionopticks.com
Product Specifications.
Column format:Analytical column
Pore size120Å
Particle size 1.7μm
Column type:Reversed-phase
Max pressure >1700 bar
pH stability 1-8
For use with:UHPLC
Temp limits60oC (lowpH)
Stationary phaseC18
Mass Spectrometer Ion Sources
•Thermo Scientific EasySpray
Thermo Scientific Nanospray Flex
Bruker CaptiveSpray
•
•
UHPLC
•Bruker nanoElute
•Bruker nanoElute 2
•Evosep One (Whisper methods only)
◦Aurora Elite; 20SPD, 40SPD
◦Aurora Rapid75; 80SPD
•Thermo Scientific Dionex UHPLC systems
•Thermo Scientific Easy-nLC 1000 / 1200
•Thermo Scientific Vanquish Neo
•Waters M-Class
•Waters nanoAcquity
Fittings
•IDEX MarvelX
•Thermo Scientific nanoViper
•Waters ZenFit
Column Ovens
•IonOpticks Column Heater
•Bruker Column Toaster
•Sonation Column Oven
3© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd
Spray voltage

Video installation guides.
Access to online video content
We’ve created a series of online tutorials for easy setup, information
on compatibility and useful tips.
To watch installation videos specific to your laboratory setup, visit
helpcentre.ionopticks.com and search for “Installation Guides”.
For all other online content, find us on social media @IonOpticks,
or see our videos on YouTube at www.youtube.com/@ionopticks
4© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd
Regulatory Compliance
IonOpticks evaluates its products to ensure full compliance with applicable North American and European regulations. The IonOpticks columns, used in conjunction
with the column heater, heater controller and other accessories, are intended for use in the basic electromagnetic environment as defined in IEC 61326-1. For detailed
information on emission level and permissible performance under the electromagnetic immunity conditions, please contact IonOpticks.
IonOpticks products are compliant with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the
equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.
Changes or modifications to these products not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

Setting up the IonOpticks heater
andheater controller. (COLHTR01 and IOHEATCON1)
1
Plug heater cable into channel 1 of Heater Controller unit.
2Ensure settings on the heater controller unit
match these found here:
3Set heater to desired temperature. We recommend using a
temperature between 40-60°C. The maximum recommended
temperature is 60°C.
4The heater is now installed and ready for use.
1.1
If using an IonOpticks Heater Extension Cable (EXTCABLE03):
Plug extension cable into channel 1 of IonOpticks Heater Controller
unit. Plug cable from IonOpticks heater into the receiving plug on
the Heater Extension Cable
Note: Only a single extension cable can be used with the IonOpticks
Heater. The use of multiple extension cables may cause a failure in the
operation of the heater and could damage the IonOpticks Heater and
IonOpticks Heater Controller.
1.2
5© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may caused
undesired operation.
24 V, 0.8A, 20 W
Heater Rating

For Bruker CaptiveSpraysource.
Disassemble rear metal housing
of CSI probe insert (2 screws)
Carefully remove Aurora CSI protective
cap.
Insert Aurora CSI fitting into CSI probe.
Insert using a twisting motion to prevent
pinching of rubber seal.
Remove the protective plug from the
nanoZero® union.
Unscrew CSI probe from CSI housing
Feed Aurora column through the rear metal housing and reassemble CSI probe (2 screws),
ensuring rubber seal is in place between metal housing and Aurora CSI fitting.
Feed column through CSI housing and screw CSI probe insert into housing.
Feed Aurora column with nanoZero®
fitting through CSI probe housing.
The CSI housing is now ready to connect
to your LC-MS system.
3 4 5
66.1 7
88.1 9
12
6© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd

For Bruker CaptiveSpraysource
Retract the column heater from
the CaptiveSpray source
Insert the CSI Housing into the
source, press with a small
amount of pressure and tighten
the screw until finger tight.
Using a gloved finger, block the
air inlet and monitor the Fore
pressure. The Fore vacuum
needs to drop to below 3e-01
mbar within 10 seconds to be
considered usable.
If not sealed, try refitting before replacing
rubber seals (Refer Bruker CSI
troubleshooting guide).
Move the column heater in front
of the CaptiveSpray source.
10 11 12 13
16 17
15.2
Place column directly into the heater recess. Hold in position by
placing the holding arm onto the nanoZero®. This requires a
replacement metal holding arm (supplied by IonOpticks) to allow an
earth connection with the nanoZero®.
For Aurora Rapid75 and Aurora Rapid150 columns
Curl the column inside the
heating plate and hold in
position by placing under
the holding arm.
15.1
Tighten the earth screw onto the
nanoZero® to ensure that the
nanoZero® is grounded and held
in position.
For Aurora Frontier, Aurora Ultimate and Aurora Elite columns
Place lid on heater
Holding the nanoZero® with a
spanner, tighten the nanoViper
fitting finger tight until you reach
a firm stop.
14
Install filter into the CSI housing
air inlet.
if usingBruker Column Toaster
The column is now
installed in the heater
and ready for
operation.
7© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd

15.2
Place the earth cable clip over the thin section of the nanoZero® and
slide over the hexagonal section to make a firm connection. If the clip
feels loose, remove the clip, pinch in the clip arms and repeat the
process.
15
Earthing
For Bruker CaptiveSpraysource
if using Sonation Column Oven (PRSO-V1and PRSO-V2)
Retract the column heater from
the CaptiveSpray source
Using a gloved finger, block the
air inlet and monitor the Fore
pressure. The Fore vacuum
needs to drop to below 3e-01
mbar within 10 seconds to be
considered usable.
If not sealed, try refitting before replacing
rubber seals (Refer Bruker CSI
troubleshooting guide).
Move the column heater in front
of the CaptiveSpray source.
10 11 12 13
17
16
Closing the heater
Holding the nanoZero® with a
spanner, tighten the nanoViper
fitting finger tight until you reach
a firm stop.
14
Curl the column inside the
heating plate and place the
nanoZero® and earth clip into
the plastic holder.
Press the CSI Housing with a
small amount of pressure and
tighten the screw until finger
tight.
Place top plate on heater and secure in position using the press pins.
Be careful to avoid pinching the column during this process.
18
Install filter into the CSI housing
air inlet.
The column is now
installed in the heater
and ready for
operation.
8© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd

For Thermo Scientific NanosprayFlex
Curl the column inside the
heating plate.
1 3
Carefully slide protective sheath backwards towards the nanoZero®
fitting to expose the emitter tip. Press the holding clamp on the heater
open and place the column into the heater. The column emitter should
extend 15-20mm beyond the heating plate.
2
Preparing the column
Holding the nanoZero® with a
spanner, tighten the nanoViper
fitting finger tight until you reach
a firm stop.
with Sonation Column Oven (PRSO-V1and PRSO-V2)
You will need:
1 x HVCABLE01
for connection of the
source high-voltage to
the nanoZero® fitting.
+
Connect the HVCABLE01 to the
nanoZero as shown.
4
Place top plate on heater and secure in position using the press pins.
Be careful to avoid pinching the column during this process.
5
Ensure that the stage is fully
retracted in the z-axis before
moving the source towards
the mass spectrometer.
6
Slide the source into position
and adjust the x, y and z axis
on the stage to ensure a good
emitter position. The emitter
should be 3-5mm from the
ion transfer capillary.
7The column is now
installed in the heater
and ready for
operation.
9© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd
IonOpticks evaluates its products to ensure full compliance with applicable North American and European regulations. The IonOpticks columns, used in conjunction
with the column heater, heater controller and other accessories, are intended for use in the basic electromagnetic environment as defined in IEC 61326-1. For detailed
information on emission level and permissible performance under the electromagnetic immunity conditions, please contact IonOpticks.
IonOpticks products are compliant with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the
equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.
Changes or modifications to these products not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

For Thermo Scientific Nanospray Flex
Attach the housing using the
supplied bolt and nut. Attach the
source to the mass spectrometer
and plug in voltage connection
into the source.
1 2
Unscrew and remove the
existing fastening bolt, marked
by the arrow, from the source.
with 5cm RAPID column housing (Part No. 5CMNFSH1)
3
Fit the nanoViper into the Aurora column nanoZero® fitting. Expose
the emitter tip by sliding the protective sheath towards the nanoZe-
ro®.
4
Install Aurora column and
nanoViper line into the housing
as shown.
5
Place lid on housing.
6
Manoeuvre emitter tip into the
desired position using the source
stage controls. The emitter
should be 3-5mm from the ion
transfer capillary.
The column is now
installed and ready for
operation.
10© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd

1
Place Nanospray Flex source on its side and slide the stage out.
2
Using a 2 mm hex key, unscrew
the two screws used to hold the
mounting arm in place.
3
Using gravity to hold the screw in place, drop one NSFA screw into
the central hole on the Nanospray Flex Adapter mounting arm. Align
the screw with the corresponding position on the Nanospray Flex
source and use a 1.5 mm hex key to tighten screw into place.
Tools required
•1.5 mm hex key
•2 mm hex key
•3 mm hex key
•2 x Nanospray Flex
Adapter (NSFA) screw
4
Screw in the remaining NSFA
screw into the second hole.
5
Ensure that the high-voltage cable
runs out of the rear of the source,
between the two stage rails.
Note: The high-voltage cable should not pass
between the source mount and the stage.
6
Connect the high-voltage cable to the source.
7
The angle of the column can be
adjusted using the angle
adjustment screw with a 3mm
hex key located beside the
column mount.
8
Slide the stage into the source
mount and attach the source to
your mass spectrometer.
The Nanospray Flex adapter is
now installed and ready for use.
For Thermo Scientific NanosprayFlex (ES071 and ES072)
with TS Nanospray Flex Adapter (Part No. TSFLXAD01)
11© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd

1
Place the mass spectrometer in
standby before sliding the source
stage out of the safety hood.
2
Retract the Z-axis control knob to prevent the emitter contacting the ion transfer
tube when the column is inserted and the source stage slides into the operating
position.
3
Remove the shipping plug from the
column cassette.
4
Holding the column cassette firmly,
screw a nanoViper fitting finger tight
into the nanoZero® until you reach a
firm stop.
5
Remove protective cap.
Note: The emitter is not protected by a sheath
and protrudes from the end of the cassette.
To avoid damaging the emitter, ensure that the
cap is removed in line with the cassette using
a swift motion to completely separate the cap
and the cassette.
6
Slide column cassette into TS Nanospray Flex Adapter along the column holder
until it clicks into place.
7
Place the IonOpticks Heater onto the fin of the column cassette and press down
firmly to ensure that the heater is held in position.
8
Slide the stage into position and
adjust the x, y and z axis to
ensure a good emitter position.
The emitter should be around 3
mm from the ion transfer tube.
The column is now
installed and ready for
operation.
Removal of TS column from your system.
1. If possible, do not remove the column from a UHPLC system
before the column performance falls and the columns requires
replacement, however, removal for instrument servicing and
maintenance is sometimes required.
2. For the removal procedure, run 80% B for 5min at operating flow
rates.
3. Reduce flow to 0.002 μl/min for 10 min or until the back pressure
has stabilised below 10 bar.
4. Set MS system into standby mode.
5. Slide Nanospray Flex stage out of the safety hood before sliding
the column cassette backwards from the TS Nanospray Flex
Adapter along the column holder.
6. The nanoViper can now be removed from the nanoZero®.
7. Carefully place the protective cap back onto the cassette and
press firmly to ensure that the cap is held securely.
8. Screw the shipping plug into the nanoZero®. For removal of the
column for extended periods of time we recommend placing 30μl
of methanol in the nanoZero® before installing the shipping plug.
Note: Removal of the nanoViper from the nanoZero under high back pressure
conditions can damage the stationary phase bed and lead to blockages and poor
chromatographic performance.
Note: The removal procedure can lead to fouling of the emitter tip and poor column
performance. The IonOpticks replacement guarantee is not valid if a column has
been removed from a UHPLC once in operation.
Installing a TS column
using TS NanosprayFlex Adapter (Part No. TSFLXAD01)
12© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd

For Thermo EasySpraysource (ES081 and ES082)
1
Remove the shipping plug from
the column cassette.
2
Holding the column cassette
firmly, screw a nanoViper fitting
finger tight into the nanoZero®
until you reach a firm stop.
3
Remove protective cap.
Note: The emitter is not protected by a
sheath and protrudes from the end of the
cassette. To avoid damaging the emitter,
ensure that the cap is removed in line with
the cassette using a swift motion to
completely separate the cap and the
cassette.
4
Ensure the Z-axis control knob
has been set in the correct
position using the Thermo
emitter positioning tool. If no tool
is available, ensure that the
control knob has been retracted
to prevent the emitter contacting
the ion transfer tube when the
column is inserted.
5
Slide column cassette into EasySpray source along the column holder
until it clicks into place.
6
Place the IonOpticks Heater onto the fin of the column cassette and
press down firmly to ensure that the heater is held in position.
7
Using the video feed from the
source mounted camera, make
fine adjustments to the z-axis
emitter position as required. The
emitter should be around 3 mm
from the ion transfer tube.
Please follow the instructions
from the EasySpray Source
The column is now
installed and ready for
operation.
Removal ofTS column from your system.
1. If possible, do not remove the column from a UHPLC system before the column performance falls and the
columns requires replacement, however, removal for instrument servicing and maintenance is sometimes
required.
2. For the removal procedure, run 80% B for 5min at operating flow rates.
3. Reduce flow to 0.002 μl/min for 10 min or until the back pressure has stabilised below 10 bar.
4. Set MS system into standby mode.
5. Slide column cassette backwards from EasySpray source along the column holder.
6. The nanoViper can now be removed from the nanoZero®.
7. Carefully place the protective cap back onto the cassette and press firmly to ensure that the cap is held
securely.
8. Screw the shipping plug into the nanoZero®. For removal of the column for extended periods of time we
recommend placing 30μl of methanol in the nanoZero® before installing the shipping plug.
Note: Removal of the nanoViper from the nanoZero under high back pressure conditions can damage the stationary phase bed and
lead to blockages and poor chromatographic performance.
Note: The removal procedure can lead to fouling of the emitter tip and poor column performance. The IonOpticks replacement
guarantee is not valid if a column has been removed from a UHPLC once in operation.
with IonOpticks TS
13© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd

Operation of Aurora Series columns.
Aurora series columns initial operation
Once the column is connected to your UHPLC system and is placed
inside the source heater or housing, begin operation using 70%
buffer B at a flow rate equivalent to the desired gradient flow rate for
around 10 minutes or until the pressure is stable for several minutes.
Voltage should be applied once the mobile phase reaches the emitter
tip. It is recommended that at least one gradient is run without
sample injection before assessment of column performance using
standards.
Removal from a UHPLC
If possible, do not remove the column from a UHPLC system,
however, removal is sometimes required. For the removal procedure,
run 80% B for 5min at operating flow rates before reducing flow to
0.002 μl/min for 10min or until the back pressure has stabilised below
10 bar. Set MS system into standby mode. The nanoViper can now
be removed from the nanoZero®. For removal of the column for
extended periods of time we recommend placing 30μl of methanol in
the nanoZero® and screwing in the plug supplied during transport.
Removal of the nanoViper from the nanoZero® under high back
pressure conditions can damage the stationary phase bed and
lead to blockages and poor chromatographic performance.
The removal procedure can lead to fouling of the emitter tip and
poor column performance. The IonOpticks replacement
guarantee is not valid if a column has been removed from a
UHPLC once in operation.
Recommended buffer compositions:
Buffer A 99.9% MilliQ Water, 0.1% formic acid
Buffer B 99.9% Acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid
Column volumes
60cm X 75μm 2.65 μl
25cm X 75μm 1.1 μl
15cm X 75μm 0.66 μl
5cm X 150μm 0.88 μl
5cm X 75μm 0.22 μl
Column temperature
The recommended operating temperature for Aurora columns is
40-60 oC. The maximum operating temperature is 60 oC.
Column equilibration
Before each run the column should be requilibrated using a minimum
of 4 column volumes of 100% buffer A.
Sample loading
Samples should be loaded onto the column in 100% Buffer A.
Samples loaded on to the column should be de-salted and should
not contain any contaminants (salts, detergents, solid particles, etc).
Loading contaminated samples onto the column may disrupt solvent
flow or foul the emitter tip leading to a loss of performance.
Example data
Example data and raw data files for each column can be provided
upon request. Please contact [email protected] for more
information.
14© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd
Standby and idle conditions
To optimise column lifetime and performance, it is recommended that
the instrument continues to run at the desired operating pressure and
ideally continues to run blank samples using mobile phase gradients
typical of normal operation. Spray voltages should be maintained
during these operations.
Extended periods of time at isocratic flow will reduce column
performance. Column performance can be recovered by running
a blank gradient without sample injection.
Spray voltage
It is recommended to start with a spray voltage of 1500V and increase
over time as required to maintain a stable spray. It is recommended that
the spray voltage does not exceed 2500V. Exceeding a spray voltage of
2500V may result in damage to the emitter.
Operating environmental conditions
The laboratory room temperature must be maintained between 15 and
27 °C (59 and 81 °F). The relative humidity of the operating environment
must be between 20 and 80%, with no condensation. The operating
environment of the equipment should be free of vibrations.

Aurora Frontier™
60 cm x 75 μm
Recommended gradient: 90-180 mins
Example gradient:
Time Comp Flow Rate
(min) (% Buffer B) (μl/min)
0 0 0.25
2 3 0.25
114 17 0.25
156 25 0.25
182 34 0.25
184 85 0.25
200 85 0.25
Aurora Ultimate™
25 cm x 75 μm
Recommended gradient: 45-120 mins
Example gradient:
Time Comp Flow Rate
(min) (% Buffer B) (μl/min)
0 0 0.4
1 3 0.4
57 17 0.4
78 25 0.4
91 34 0.4
92 85 0.4
100 85 0.4
Aurora Elite™
15 cm x 75 μm
Recommended gradient: 10-45 mins
Example gradient:
Time Comp Flow Rate
(min) (% Buffer B) (μl/min)
0 5 0.4
17 30 0.4
17.5 85 0.4
20 85 0.4
0
25
50
75
100
0 50 100 150 200
Time (min)
%B
0
25
50
75
100
0 25 50 75 100
Time (min)
%B
0
25
50
75
100
0 5 10 15 20
Time (min)
%B
Aurora Rapid ™
5 cm x 75 μm
Recommended gradient: 5-15 mins
Example gradient:
Time Comp Flow Rate
(min) (% Buffer B) (μl/min)
0 0 0.1
1 3 0.1
10 30 0.1
11 85 0.1
14 85 0.1
14.1 0 0.1
15 0 0.1
0
25
50
75
100
0 5 10 15
Time (min)
%B
Aurora Rapid ™
5 cm x 150 μm
Recommended gradient: 5-15 mins
Example gradient:
Time Comp Flow Rate
(min) (% Buffer B) (μl/min)
0 5 2
5 34 2
5.5 85 2
6.5 85 2
6.8 0 2
7.5 0 2
0
25
50
75
100
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5
Time (min)
%B
Example gradients.
15© Copyright 2023. Ion Opticks Pty Ltd

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Fitzroy VIC 3065
Australia
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© Copyright 2023
All rights reserved.
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‘nanoZero’ is a®Registered Trademark of IonOpticks Pty Ltd.
‘Aurora Frontier’, ‘Aurora Ultimate’, ‘Aurora Elite’ and ‘Aurora Rapid’ are trademarks of IonOpticks Pty Ltd.