manuals.online logo
Brands
  1. Home
  2. •
  3. Brands
  4. •
  5. Kramer
  6. •
  7. Amplifier
  8. •
  9. Kramer VP-10 User manual

Kramer VP-10 User manual

This manual suits for next models

2

Other Kramer Amplifier manuals

Kramer VM-5DS User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-5DS User manual

Kramer VM-9T User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-9T User manual

Kramer VA-16XL User manual

Kramer

Kramer VA-16XL User manual

Kramer Pico TOOLS VM-2HD User manual

Kramer

Kramer Pico TOOLS VM-2HD User manual

Kramer 104R User manual

Kramer

Kramer 104R User manual

Kramer VM-4UHD User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-4UHD User manual

Kramer VP-123 User manual

Kramer

Kramer VP-123 User manual

Kramer VP-8 User manual

Kramer

Kramer VP-8 User manual

Kramer VM-1110 User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-1110 User manual

Kramer PA-120Net User manual

Kramer

Kramer PA-120Net User manual

Kramer 900 User manual

Kramer

Kramer 900 User manual

Kramer VP-210K User manual

Kramer

Kramer VP-210K User manual

Kramer VM-214DT User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-214DT User manual

Kramer TOOLS VP-210XL User manual

Kramer

Kramer TOOLS VP-210XL User manual

Kramer Tools VP-200Dxl User manual

Kramer

Kramer Tools VP-200Dxl User manual

Kramer VP-200K User manual

Kramer

Kramer VP-200K User manual

Kramer DigiTOOLS 6505 User manual

Kramer

Kramer DigiTOOLS 6505 User manual

Kramer VM-10HD I Series User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-10HD I Series User manual

Kramer VM-3S User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-3S User manual

Kramer VM-5YC User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-5YC User manual

Kramer VP-2XLK User manual

Kramer

Kramer VP-2XLK User manual

Kramer VM-80H User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-80H User manual

Kramer VM-51 User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-51 User manual

Kramer 910 User manual

Kramer

Kramer 910 User manual

Popular Amplifier manuals by other brands

ASTRO HVO V40 P operating manual

ASTRO

ASTRO HVO V40 P operating manual

Marantz SUPERSCOPE BLA-545 Service data

Marantz

Marantz SUPERSCOPE BLA-545 Service data

NAD CI980 Quick setup guide

NAD

NAD CI980 Quick setup guide

Technics SE-CH770 Service manual

Technics

Technics SE-CH770 Service manual

Harman Kardon HK6300 instruction manual

Harman Kardon

Harman Kardon HK6300 instruction manual

NAD T975 owner's manual

NAD

NAD T975 owner's manual

McIntosh MA6850 Brochure & specs

McIntosh

McIntosh MA6850 Brochure & specs

Electro-Harmonix ENGLISH MUFF’N manual

Electro-Harmonix

Electro-Harmonix ENGLISH MUFF’N manual

Viatron Autrix Technical manual

Viatron

Viatron Autrix Technical manual

GME GA9800 instruction manual

GME

GME GA9800 instruction manual

Atlas CP700 Specification sheet

Atlas

Atlas CP700 Specification sheet

Roland KC-1000 owner's manual

Roland

Roland KC-1000 owner's manual

Pyle PFMRA350BW user manual

Pyle

Pyle PFMRA350BW user manual

Advantage S-250 manual

Advantage

Advantage S-250 manual

IRT Electronics DVA-3007 manual

IRT Electronics

IRT Electronics DVA-3007 manual

Dimavery BA-100 Series user manual

Dimavery

Dimavery BA-100 Series user manual

Sony XM-S400D operating instructions

Sony

Sony XM-S400D operating instructions

Schertler ROY X quick guide

Schertler

Schertler ROY X quick guide

manuals.online logo
manuals.online logoBrands
  • About & Mission
  • Contact us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms and Conditions

Copyright 2025 Manuals.Online. All Rights Reserved.




.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7' 
.UDPHU(OHFWURQLFV/WG








86(50$18$/



5*% 9'LVWULEXWLRQ$PSOLILHUV

0RGHOV
93
93
93



,03257$17%HIRUHSURFHHGLQJSOHDVHUHDGSDUDJUDSKHQWLWOHG
8QSDFNLQJDQG&RQWHQWV



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH
7DEOH2I&RQWHQWV

6HFWLRQ 1DPH 3DJH
 ,1752'8&7,21 
  $:RUGRQ9*$;*$5*%+9'LVWULEXWLRQ/LQH$PSOLILHUV 
 +DQGOLQJ*UDSKLFV6LJQDOV 
 )DFWRUV$IIHFWLQJ4XDOLW\RI5HVXOWV 
 +2:'2,*(767$57(' 
 813$&.,1*$1'&217(176 
  2SWLRQDO$FFHVVRULHV 
 5*%+9',675,%87,21$03/,),(5 
  *HWWLQJWRNQRZ\RXU93   'LVWULEXWLRQ$PSOLILHU 
 ,167$//$7,21 
  5DFN0RXQWLQJ 
 &RQQHFWLQJWR5*%+9'HYLFHV 
 86,1*7+($03/,),(5 
  7\SLFDO$SSOLFDWLRQ 
 93   SUHVHW 
 +DQGOLQJVLJQDOORVVHV 
 2WKHU8VHV 
 63(&,),&$7,216 
 7528%/(6+227,1* 
  3RZHUDQG,QGLFDWRUV 
 5*%+96LJQDO 
 /LPLWHG:DUUDQW\

/LVW2I,OOXVWUDWLRQV
)LJXUH 'HVFULSWLRQ 3DJH
  93   )URQW5HDU3DQHO)HDWXUHV 
 
/LVW2I7DEOHV
7DEOH 'HVFULSWLRQ 3DJH
  93   )URQW5HDU3DQHO)HDWXUHV 













.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH
 ,1752'8&7,21
&RQJUDWXODWLRQVRQ\RXUSXUFKDVH RIWKLV.UDPHU5*% 9 'LVWULEXWLRQ $PSOLILHU
6LQFH  .UDPHUKDVEHHQGHGLFDWHGWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGPDQXIDFWXUHRIKLJK
TXDOLW\YLGHRDXGLRHTXLSPHQW7KH.UDPHUOLQHKDVEHFRPHDQLQWHJUDOSDUWRIPDQ\
RI WKH EHVW SURGXFWLRQ DQG SUHVHQWDWLRQ IDFLOLWLHV DURXQG WKH ZRUOG ,Q UHFHQW \HDUV
.UDPHUKDVUHGHVLJQHG DQG XSJUDGHGPRVWRI WKH OLQHPDNLQJWKH EHVWHYHQEHWWHU
.UDPHU¶VOLQHRISURIHVVLRQDOYLGHRDXGLRHOHFWURQLFVLVRQHRIWKHPRVWYHUVDWLOHDQG
FRPSOHWH DYDLODEOH DQG LV D WUXH OHDGHU LQ WHUPV RI TXDOLW\ ZRUNPDQVKLS
SULFHSHUIRUPDQFHUDWLRDQGLQQRYDWLRQ,QDGGLWLRQWRWKH.UDPHUOLQHRIKLJKTXDOLW\
5*% 9'LVWULEXWLRQ$PSOLILHUVVXFKDVWKHRQH\RXKDYHMXVWSXUFKDVHG.UDPHU
DOVRRIIHUVDIXOOOLQHRIKLJKTXDOLW\OLQHDPSOLILHUVVZLWFKHUVSURFHVVRUVLQWHUIDFHV
FRQWUROOHUV DQG FRPSXWHUUHODWHG SURGXFWV 7KLV PDQXDO LQFOXGHV FRQILJXUDWLRQ
RSHUDWLRQDQGRSWLRQLQIRUPDWLRQIRUWKH939393DPSOLILHUVDOOVLPLODU
LQIXQFWLRQDQGVWUXFWXUH7KH93DPSOLILHUZLOOEHGHVFULEHGEXWWKHRWKHUVDUH
VLPLODUH[FHSWLQWKHLUQXPEHURIRXWSXWV
 $:RUGRQ9*$;*$5*% 9'LVWULEXWLRQ/LQH$PSOLILHUV
9*$;*$5*%+9GLVWULEXWLRQDPSOLILHUVGLVWULEXWHRQHRUPRUHVLJQDOVWRVHYHUDO
XVHUV7KH\YDU\LQWKHQXPEHURILQSXWVORRSLQJFDSDELOLW\SURJUDPPLQJFDSDELOLW\
QXPEHU RI RXWSXWV RSHUDWLQJ IRUPDW EDQGZLGWK DQG LQSXWRXWSXW FRXSOLQJ
9*$;*$5*%+9 GLVWULEXWLRQ DPSOLILHUV DUH XVHG WR GLVWULEXWH RQH VRXUFH WR
VHYHUDO DFFHSWRUV ZLGH VFUHHQ SURMHFWRUV IRUPDW FRQYHUWHUV HWF IRU VLPXOWDQHRXV
UHFRUGLQJRUPRQLWRULQJRIRQHVRXUFHZLWKQRGLVFHUQLEOHVLJQDOGHJUDGDWLRQ7KHVH
PDFKLQHVH[FHOLQYHU\ODUJHEDQGZLGWKVRPHDSSURDFKLQJ0K]DQGYHU\JRRG
OLQHDULW\PDNLQJWKHPXVDEOHIRUHYHQWKHKLJKHVWJUDSKLFVVWDQGDUGV$JRRGTXDOLW\
GLVWULEXWLRQ DPSOLILHU DPSOLILHV WKH LQFRPLQJ VLJQDO PD\ SUHFRPSHQVDWH WKH VLJQDO
IRU SRWHQWLDO ORVVHV UHVXOWLQJ IURP WKH XVH RI ORQJ FDEOHV QRLV\ VRXUFHV HWF DQG
JHQHUDWHVVHYHUDOLGHQWLFDOEXIIHUHGDQGDPSOLILHGRXWSXWV7KHIURQWSDQHOVRIWKHVH
.UDPHU DPSOLILHUV DUH GHVLJQHG WR EH VLPSOH WR RSHUDWH7\SLFDO DSSOLFDWLRQV RI WKH
PDFKLQHVDUHFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVGLVWULEXWLRQLQFODVVHVSRLQWRIVDOHDQGPXOWLPHGLD
VWXGLRVGLVSOD\LQJFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVEHIRUHODUJHDXGLHQFHVXVLQJWKHGDWDLQSXWRID
ZLGHVFUHHQYLGHRSURMHFWRU
 DQGOLQJ*UDSKLFV6LJQDOV
$FRPSXWHUJHQHUDWHGJUDSKLFVVLJQDOXVXDOO\FRPSULVHVVLJQDOV5HG*UHHQ%OXH
ZKLFKDUHDQDORJOHYHOVLJQDOVDQGWZR77/ORJLFOHYHOVLJQDOV+RUL]RQWDO6\QF
DQG9HUWLFDO6\QF'LJLWDOJUDSKLFVFDUGVDQGPRQLWRUVXVHDGLIIHUHQWVLJQDOIRUPDW
DQGZLOOQRWEHGLVFXVVHGKHUH
&RPSXWHUJUDSKLFVUHVROXWLRQLVPHDVXUHGLQSL[HOVDQGVLJQDOEDQGZLGWK7KHPRUH
SL[HOVSLFWXUHHOHPHQWVRQWKHVFUHHQWKHPRUHGHWDLOHGWKHLPDJH9*$69*$
;*$6;*$DQG8;*$DUHWHUPVGHVFULELQJJUDSKLFVUHVROXWLRQDQGFRORUGHSWK
&RORUGHSWK UHSUHVHQWVWKHPD[LPXPQXPEHURI VLPXOWDQHRXVO\GLVSOD\HG FRORUVRQ



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH
WKHVFUHHQDQGLVPHDVXUHGLQELWVDQGELWVRIFRORUGHSWKUHSUHVHQWPLOOLRQV
WRELOOLRQVRIFRORUVKDGHVDYDLODEOHRQWKHVFUHHQDWDQ\JLYHQPRPHQW,WVKRXOGEH
ERUQLQPLQGWKRXJKWKDWWKHKXPDQH\HFDQUHVROYHRQO\DIHZWKRXVDQGVFRORUV
7KH PRUH GHWDLOHG WKH LPDJH KLJKHU UHVROXWLRQ DQG WKH KLJKHU WKH FRORU GHSWK WKH
PRUHUHDOWKHLPDJHZLOOORRN7KHKLJKHVWUHVROXWLRQRIVWDQGDUG9*$ZDV[
SL[HOV ZLWK  ELWV RI FRORU   FRORUV 6WDQGDUG 9*$ ZDV DEOH WR XVH PRUH FRORUV
 EXW DW D ORZHU YHU\ FUXGH UHVROXWLRQ RI DERXW [ SL[HOV &RPPRQ
UHVROXWLRQVXVHGWRGD\IRUFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVYDU\IURP [XSWR[ 
SL[HOVZLWK³KLJKFRORU´ ELWVRIFRORUUHSUHVHQWLQJGLIIHUHQWFRORUVXSWR
³WUXH FRORU´  ELWV RU PRUH UHSUHVHQWLQJ IURP  PLOOLRQ FRORUV XS WR VHYHUDO
ELOOLRQ'LVSOD\LQJVXFKDGHWDLOHGDQGFRORUIXOLPDJHRQWKHVFUHHQHJ³ZULWLQJ´VR
PDQ\SL[HOVRQWKHVFUHHQLQUHDOWLPHQHHGVHQRUPRXVJUDSKLFVPHPRU\SHUIUDPH
DVZHOODVYHU\KLJKVSHHGV$PSOLILHUVWKDWFDUU\WKRVHVLJQDOVPXVWEHDEOHWRKDQGOH
WKRVHVSHHGVDQGVLJQDOEDQGZLGWKV
6WDQGDUG9*$DW[UHVROXWLRQQHHGHGDPSOLILHUVZLWK0+]EDQGZLGWK
$W [  RU HYHQ DW [  6;*$ WKRVH DPSOLILHUV IDLO FRPSOHWHO\ ,Q
RUGHU WR IDLWKIXOO\ DPSOLI\ DQG WUDQVPLW PRGHUQ KLJKUHVROXWLRQJUDSKLFV DPSOLILHUV
ZLWK EDQGZLGWKV RI  0+] DQG PRUH DUH QHHGHG 7KRVH DPSOLILHUV EHVLGHV WKH
HQRUPRXVEDQGZLGWKWKH\KDQGOHQHHGWREHOLQHDUWRKDYHYHU\ORZGLVWRUWLRQDQGWR
EH VWDEOH 6WDELOLW\ RI DQ DPSOLILHU LV LWV DELOLW\ WR DYRLG EXUVWLQJ LQWR XQFRQWUROOHG
RVFLOODWLRQZKLFKLVLQDGYHUVHUHODWLRQVKLSWRWKHVSHHGLWFDQKDQGOH7KHWHQGHQF\
WR RVFLOODWH LV IXUWKHU LQFUHDVHG E\ WKH ORDG LPSHGDQFH 7KH ORDG LPSHGDQFH RI D
V\VWHPLVXVXDOO\QRWMXVWDUHVLVWRU$FDEOHFRQQHFWHGWRDQDPSOLILHUOHDGLQJWRWKH
UHFHLYHU RU PRQLWRU PD\ SUHVHQW D FDSDFLWLYH DQGRU DQ LQGXFWLYH ORDG WR WKH
DPSOLILHU 7KLV LV WKH PDLQ FDXVH RI LQVWDELOLW\ 7KH TXDOLW\ SUREOHPV RI D ORDG RU
FDEOH PD\ VHYHUHO\ GHJUDGH WKH EDQGZLGWK OLQHDULW\ DQG VWDELOLW\ RI WKH DPSOLILHU
DQGLQJHQHUDOLWVDELOLW\WRIDLWKIXOO\UHSURGXFHWKHVLJQDO
&DEOHVDOVRDIIHFWLPDJHUHVROXWLRQ/RQJHUFDEOHVGXHWRWKHLULPSHUIHFWLRQVFDXVH
KLJK IUHTXHQF\ GHWHULRUDWLRQ DQG KHQFH LPDJH ³VPHDU´ DQG ORVV RI UHVROXWLRQ ,Q
FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV HVSHFLDOO\ WKLV DGYHUVH HIIHFW LV YHU\ PXFK DFFHQWXDWHG
$PSOLILHUV VKRXOG WKHUHIRUH FRSH ZLWK DQ DGGLWLRQDO WDVN FRPSHQVDWLQJ IRU FDEOH
ORVVHVXSWRWKHPD[LPXPXVHIXORSHUDWLRQGLVWDQFH+LJKUHVROXWLRQJUDSKLFVV\VWHPV
VKRXOG XVH YHU\ KLJK TXDOLW\ FDEOHV IRU LPDJH WUDQVPLVVLRQ 7KH FDEOHV VKRXOG EH
VKLHOGHG WR HOLPLQDWH H[WHUQDOO\ LQGXFHG LQWHUIHUHQFH EXW WKH VKLHOG PLJKW LWVHOI
LQFUHDVHWKHFDSDFLWDQFHRIWKHFDEOHDQGWKHUHIRUHFDXVHGHWHULRUDWLRQLQWKHLPDJH¶V
UHVROXWLRQ DQG FODULW\ 6WDQGDUG TXDOLW\ FDEOHV FDQ RQO\ EH D IHZ PHWHUV ORQJ )RU
ORQJHU GLVWDQFHV FRPSRXQG FDEOH LV UHSODFHG E\ ILYH LQGLYLGXDO FRD[ FDEOHV ZKLFK
DUHEXON\DQGFXPEHUVRPHIRUXVH(YHQWKHQWKHGLVWDQFHLVOLPLWHGWRVHYHUDOWHQV
RIPHWHUV
&DEOHVPD\FUHDWHRWKHUSUREOHPVZKLFKUHVXOWIURPWKHLUIDLOXUHWRDFFXUDWHO\PDWFK
WKHV\VWHP¶VUHTXLUHGLPSHGDQFH7KHUHVXOWRIWKLVHVSHFLDOO\DWKLJKIUHTXHQFLHVLV
³VKDGRZV´ RU ³JKRVWV´ RQ WKH LPDJH UHVXOWLQJ IURP VWDQGLQJ ZDYHV DQG HOHFWURQLF



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH
UHIOHFWLRQVUXQQLQJEDFNDQGIRUWKEHWZHHQWUDQVPLWWHUDQGUHFHLYHU$QRWKHUDVSHFWWR
FRQVLGHULVWKHV\QF$VV\QFVLJQDOVDUHORJLFVLJQDOVZKLFKDUHQRWWUHDWHGDVDQDORJ
VLJQDOVWKHUHFHLYHUGRHVQRWWHUPLQDWHWKHOLQHDQGWKHUHIRUHWKHOLQHLVQRWPDWFKHG
$ KRVW RI SUREOHPV FDQ RFFXU ZKHQ V\QF VLJQDOV DUH VHQW RYHU ORQJ XQWHUPLQDWHG
XQPDWFKHG FDEOHV 7KH UHVXOW PLJKW EH LPDJH EUHDNGRZQ RU GLVWRUWLRQ GXH WR
LPSURSHU V\QF LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KH DPSOLILHU WKDW GULYHV WKH DQDORJ VHFWLRQ RI WKH
JUDSKLFVGDWDVKRXOGDOVREHDEOHWREXIIHUUHFRYHUDQGVHQGWKHV\QFLQIRUPDWLRQLQ
VXFKDZD\WKDWLWLVUHFHLYHGSURSHUO\DWWKHUHFHLYLQJHQG

 )DFWRUV$IIHFWLQJ4XDOLW\RI5HVXOWV
7KHUH DUH PDQ\ IDFWRUV DIIHFWLQJ WKH TXDOLW\ RI UHVXOWV ZKHQ VLJQDOV DUH WUDQVPLWWHG
IURPDVRXUFHWRDQDFFHSWRU
¼ &RQQHFWLRQFDEOHV/RZTXDOLW\FDEOHVDUHVXVFHSWLEOHWRLQWHUIHUHQFHWKH\
GHJUDGHVLJQDOTXDOLW\GXHWRSRRUPDWFKLQJDQGFDXVHHOHYDWHGQRLVHOHYHOV
7KH\VKRXOGEHRIWKHEHVWTXDOLW\
¼ 6RFNHWV DQG FRQQHFWRUV RI WKH VRXUFHV DQG DFFHSWRUV  6R RIWHQ LJQRUHG
WKH\VKRXOGEHRIKLJKHVWTXDOLW\VLQFH=HUR2KPFRQQHFWLRQUHVLVWDQFHLV
WKH WDUJHW 6RFNHWV DQG FRQQHFWRUV PXVWDOVR PDWFK WKH UHTXLUHG LPSHGDQFH
RKP LQ YLGHR &KHDS ORZ TXDOLW\ FRQQHFWRUV WHQG WR UXVW WKXV FDXVLQJ
EUHDNVLQWKHVLJQDOSDWK
¼ $PSOLI\LQJFLUFXLWU\ 0XVWSURYLGHTXDOLW\SHUIRUPDQFHZKHQWKH GHVLUHG
HQGUHVXOWLVKLJKOLQHDULW\ORZGLVWRUWLRQDQGORZQRLVHRSHUDWLRQ
¼ 'LVWDQFH EHWZHHQ VRXUFHV DQG DFFHSWRUV  3OD\V D PDMRU UROH LQ WKH ILQDO
UHVXOW)RUORQJGLVWDQFHVRIRYHU PHWHUVaWRPHWHUVIRU9*$;*$
EHWZHHQVRXUFHVDQGDFFHSWRUVVSHFLDOPHDVXUHVVKRXOGEHWDNHQLQRUGHUWR
DYRLGFDEOH ORVVHV7KHVHLQFOXGHXVLQJ KLJKHUTXDOLW\ FDEOHV RUDGGLQJ OLQH
DPSOLILHUV
¼ ,QWHUIHUHQFH IURP QHLJKERULQJ HOHFWULFDO DSSOLDQFHV  7KH\ FDQ KDYH DQ
DGYHUVH HIIHFW RQ VLJQDO TXDOLW\ %DODQFHG DXGLR OLQHV DUH OHVV SURQH WR
LQWHUIHUHQFH EXW XQEDODQFHG DXGLR VKRXOG EH LQVWDOOHG IDU IURP DQ\ PDLQV
SRZHU FDEOHV HOHFWULF PRWRUV WUDQVPLWWHUV HWF HYHQ ZKHQ WKH FDEOHV DUH
VKLHOGHG

 2:'2,*(767$57('"
7KH IDVWHVW ZD\ WR JHW VWDUWHG LV WR WDNH \RXU WLPH DQG GR HYHU\WKLQJ ULJKW WKH ILUVW
WLPH 7DNLQJ  PLQXWHV WR UHDG WKH PDQXDO PD\ VDYH \RX D IHZ KRXUV ODWHU <RX
GRQ¶WHYHQKDYHWRUHDGWKHZKROHPDQXDO,IDVHFWLRQGRHVQ¶WDSSO\WR\RX\RXGRQ¶W
KDYHWRVSHQG\RXUWLPHUHDGLQJLW




.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH
 813$&.,1*$1'&217(176
7KHLWHPVFRQWDLQHGLQ\RXU.UDPHUGLVWULEXWRUSDFNDJHDUHOLVWHGEHORZ3OHDVHVDYH
WKHRULJLQDOER[DQGSDFNDJLQJPDWHULDOVIRUSRVVLEOHIXWXUHVKLSPHQW

'LVWULEXWLRQ$PSOLILHU

3RZHU&RUG

7KLV8VHU0DQXDO

.UDPHU&RQFLVH3URGXFW&DWDORJRU&'

5XEEHU)HHW
 2SWLRQDO$FFHVVRULHV
7KH IROORZLQJ DFFHVVRULHV ZKLFK DUH DYDLODEOH IURP .UDPHU FDQ HQKDQFH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI \RXU PDFKLQH )RU LQIRUPDWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ FDEOHV DQG DGGLWLRQDO
DFFHVVRULHVFRQWDFW\RXU.UDPHUGHDOHU

93&RQYHUWVIURP9*$;*$+' FRQQHFWRUWR5*%+9RQ%1&V
7KH PDFKLQH LV D KLJK SHUIRUPDQFH 9*$;*$8;*$WR%1& FRQYHUWHU
ZKLFKDOORZV DVLQJOH9*$;*$8;*$VRXUFHWR VLPXOWDQHRXVO\GULYH D
ORFDO PRQLWRU DQG XS WR WZR FRPSDWLEOH ODUJH GLVSOD\ GHYLFHV  0DQ\
SURMHFWRUVDQGODUJHPRQLWRUVXVH%1&FRQQHFWRUVUDWKHUWKDQWKHPXOWLSLQ
' FRQQHFWRUV IRXQG RQ FRPSXWHUV  7KH 93 VROYHV WKLV SK\VLFDO
LQFRPSDWLELOLW\ DQG DOVR SURYLGHV WKH ORFDO PRQLWRU ORRSWKURXJK DQG WKH
QHFHVVDU\EXIIHULQJDPSOLILFDWLRQDQGV\QFSURFHVVLQJIRUUHPRWHDFFHSWRU
DSSOLFDWLRQV  1RWH WKDW WKH 93 GRHV QRW SHUIRUP DQ\ VFDQ UDWH
FRQYHUVLRQ7KH93ZLOODFFHSWDOOW\SLFDO9*$PRGHVVXFKDV9*$
69*$ ;*$ 6;*$ DQG 8;*$ DQG ZLOO RXWSXW 5*V% 5*%6 RU
5*%+9  9LGHR EDQGZLGWK RI   0+] HQVXUHV WUDQVSDUHQW RSHUDWLRQ DW
PXOWLSOHUHVROXWLRQVLQFOXGLQJ;*$)RUDSSOLFDWLRQVQRWUHTXLULQJDORFDO
PRQLWRU D IURQWSDQHO WHUPLQDWLRQ VZLWFK LV SURYLGHG HOLPLQDWLQJ WKH QHHG
IRU H[WHUQDO WHUPLQDWLRQ SOXJV  7KH PDFKLQH SURYLGHV /HYHO DQG &DEOH
(TXDOL]DWLRQ IURP HDV\DFFHVV IURQW SDQHO FRQWUROV 7KH93 LV UXJJHG
GHSHQGDEOHDQGUXQVRQDVWDQGDUG 9'&VRXUFHDQGLVWKHUHIRUHSHUIHFWO\
VXLWDEOHIRUILHOGZRUN

93 )RU VZLWFKLQJ DQG URXWLQJ VHYHUDO 5*%+9 VRXUFHV DQG DFFHSWRUV
7KHPDFKLQHLV D KLJKSHUIRUPDQFH[ 5*%+9 %DODQFHG6WHUHR$XGLR
PDWUL[VZLWFKHUIRUKLJKUHVROXWLRQYLGHR9*$;*$DQGEDODQFHGVWHUHR
DXGLR VLJQDOV  ,W LV D WUXH PDWUL[ URXWLQJ DQ\ LQSXW WR DQ\ RU DOO RXWSXWV
VLPXOWDQHRXVO\  6LQFH WKH93 FDQ VZLWFK GXULQJ WKH YHUWLFDO LQWHUYDO
WUDQVLWLRQVDUHJOLWFKIUHHZKHQVRXUFHVVKDUHDFRPPRQUHIHUHQFHV\QF7KH
93LVWKHODUJHVWLQWKH OLQHRI5*%+9$XGLRPDWULFHVZKLFKLQFOXGHV
WKH 93 [ 93 [ 93 [ 93 [ DQG WKH93
[DOOVLPLODU LQ SHUIRUPDQFH7KHUHDUH PDQ\ XSGDWHGIHDWXUHVRQWKLV



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH
SRSXODU GHVLJQ LQFOXGLQJ DXGLR EUHDNDZD\ ZKLFK SURYLGHV WKH DELOLW\ WR
VZLWFKDXGLRLQGHSHQGHQWO\IURPYLGHR(LJKWSUHVHWPHPRU\ORFDWLRQVDUH
SURYLGHGIRUTXLFNDFFHVVWRFRPPRQFRQILJXUDWLRQV,QDGGLWLRQWKH7$.(
EXWWRQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR SODFH PXOWLSOH VZLWFKHV LQ D TXHXH DQG WKHQ
DFWLYDWHWKHPZLWKRQHWRXFKRIWKLVEXWWRQ 7KHUH DUH WKUHH ZD\V WR
FRQWURO WKH 93 IURQWSDQHO EXWWRQV 56 DQG 56  ,W LV
GHSHQGDEOHUXJJHGDQGILWVLQWKUHHYHUWLFDOVSDFHVRIDVWDQGDUG ´UDFN
8  9LGHR EDQGZLGWK RI 0+] HQVXUHV WKDW WKH 93UHPDLQV
WUDQVSDUHQWHYHQLQWKHPRVWFULWLFDODSSOLFDWLRQV

 5*% 9',675,%87,21$03/,)(5
7KLVVHFWLRQGHVFULEHVWKHFRQWUROVDQGFRQQHFWLRQVRI\RXUDPSOLILHU8QGHUVWDQGLQJ
WKHFRQWUROVDQGFRQQHFWLRQVKHOSV\RXUHDOL]HWKHIXOOSRZHURI\RXUPDFKLQH

 *HWWLQJWR.QRZ<RXU93'LVWULEXWLRQ$PSOLILHU
7KH.5$0(59393DQG93DUHWKUHHGLVWULEXWLRQDPSOLILHUV    
  IRU YLGHR FRPSRQHQW YLGHR DQG JUDSKLFV VLJQDOV 5*%+9 RI WKH KLJKHVW
TXDOLW\ (DFK PDFKLQH FDQ IXQFWLRQ DV D VLQJOH     5*%+9 GLVWULEXWLRQ
DPSOLILHURUDVILYHLQGHSHQGHQW    RU  YLGHRGLVWULEXWLRQDPSOLILHUV$OO
FKDQQHOVKDYHORRSLQJFDSDELOLW\IRUV\VWHPH[SDQVLRQDQGWZR
93DPSOLILHUVFDQ
IRUPIRUH[DPSOHRQH 5*%+9'$$OOLQSXWVPD\EHVHOHFWHGIRU'&RU$&
FRXSOLQJ DQG WHUPLQDWHG WR  RKP XVLQJ IURQW DFFHVVLEOH VZLWFKHV (DFK VHW RI 
RXWSXWV KDV IURQW DFFHVVLEOH /(9(/ DQG (4 WULPPHUV  7KH PDFKLQHV KDYH YLGHR
EDQGZLGWK H[FHHGLQJ  0+] DQG DUH KRXVHG LQ LQFK ZLGH 8 HQFORVXUHV IRU
HDV\UDFNLQVWDOODWLRQ



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH

)LJXUH93)URQW5HDU3DQHO)HDWXUHV


7DEOH93)URQW5HDU3DQHO)HDWXUHV
1R )HDWXUH )XQFWLRQ
 3RZHU6ZLWFK ,OOXPLQDWHGVZLWFK6XSSOLHVSRZHUWRWKHXQLW
 *DLQ(4&RQWUROWULPPHUV $GMXVWRXWSXWOHYHOVDQGFDEOH(4
 $&'&VHOHFWLRQVZLWFKHV ,QSXWFRXSOLQJVHOHFWLRQVZLWFKHV
 L=:VHOHFWLRQVZLWFKHV 7HUPLQDWLRQVZLWFKHVIRUWKHLQSXWV
 ,1387%1&V 5*%+9LQSXWFRQQHFWRUV
 /223%1&V /RRSFRQQHFWRUVIRU'$H[WHQVLRQ
 287387%1&V 5*%+9RXWSXWFRQQHFWRUV
 32:(5FRQQHFWRU $SURQJ$&FRQQHFWRUDOORZVSRZHUWREH
VXSSOLHGWRWKHXQLW'LUHFWO\XQGHUQHDWKWKLV
FRQQHFWRUDIXVHKROGHUKRXVHVWKHDSSURSULDWH
IXVH



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH
 ,167$//$7,21
 5DFN0RXQWLQJ
(DFKRIWKHDPSOLILHUVLQFOXGHGLQWKLVPDQXDOPD\EHUDFNPRXQWHGLQDVWDQGDUG ´
8(,$UDFNDVVHPEO\DQGLQFOXGHVUDFN³HDUV´DWWKHHQGVRIWKHIURQWSDQHO7KHVH
GHYLFHVGRQRWUHTXLUHDQ\VSHFLILFVSDFLQJDERYHRUEHORZWKHXQLWIRUYHQWLODWLRQ7R
PRXQWDQ\RIWKHDPSOLILHUVVLPSO\SODFHWKHXQLWUDFNHDUVDJDLQVWWKHUDFNUDLOVRI
\RXUUDFNDQGIDVWHQZLWKVWDQGDUGVFUHZVWKURXJKHDFKRIWKHIRXUFRUQHUKROHVLQWKH
UDFN HDUV ,W LV UHFRPPHQGHG WR XVH SODVWLF ZDVKHUV WR SURWHFW WKH SDQHO IURP
VFUDWFKLQJ
 &RQQHFWLQJWR5*% 9'HYLFHV
5*%+9YLGHRVRXUFHVDQGRXWSXWGHYLFHVVXFKDVPRQLWRUVSURMHFWRUVHWFPD\EH
FRQQHFWHGWRWKHDPSOLILHUVWKURXJKWKH%1&W\SHFRQQHFWRUVORFDWHGRQWKHEDFNRI
WKH XQLWV 8QXVHG LQSXWV DUH WHUPLQDWHG WR RKP DQG DFWLYH LQSXWV VKRXOG EH
WHUPLQDWHGDWWKHFRQQHFWLQJVRXUFH3OHDVHNHHSLQPLQGWKDWWKHRXWSXWVLJQDOIRUPDW
ZLOOPDWFKWKDWRIWKHLQSXWVLJQDOIRUPDW([DPSOH,ILQSXWLVFRPSRVLWHWKHQRXWSXW
LV FRPSRVLWH $OO VLJQDO FRQQHFWLRQV WKDW XVH PRUH WKDQ RQH FDEOH LQWHUFRQQHFWLQJ
EHWZHHQ GHYLFHV VKRXOG EH RI HTXDO OHQJWK  5 * % FDEOHV EHWZHHQ DQ 5*%+9
VRXUFHDQGWKHDPSOLILHUVKRXOGEHHTXDOLQOHQJWKDQGVRVKRXOGEHWKHRXWSXWFDEOHV

 86,1*WKH$PSOLILHU
 7\SLFDO$SSOLFDWLRQ
&RPSXWHUEDVHGJUDSKLFVLVXVHGLQYLGHRSURGXFWLRQLQSUHVHQWDWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQVIRU
HGXFDWLRQSXUSRVHVDQGPRUH,WLVIUHTXHQWO\QHFHVVDU\WRGLVWULEXWH3&JUDSKLFVIURP
RQHVRXUFHWRVHYHUDOORFDODQGRUUHPRWHDFFHSWRUV
3HUIRUPWKHIROORZLQJVWHSV
 3UHVHWWKHPDFKLQHDFFRUGLQJWRWKHGHVFULSWLRQLQVHFWLRQ
 &RQQHFWDQ5*%+9RU9*$;*$VRXUFHYLDD9*$WR5*%+9FDEOHRU
DGDSWHUWRWKHLQSXWVRIWKHDPSOLILHUWDNLQJFDUHWRFRQQHFWWKH5('RXWSXW
RIWKHVRXUFHWRWKH5('LQSXWRIWKHDPSOLILHU*5((1WR*5((1HWF8VH
HTXDOOHQJWKFDEOHVIRUDOOVLJQDOV
 7KHORRSLQJIXQFWLRQHQDEOHVWKHRSHUDWRUWRH[WHQGWKHQXPEHURIRXWSXWVSHU
LQSXW 7KH IROORZLQJ H[DPSOH GHVFULEHV ORRSLQJ SHUIRUPHG E\ XVLQJ 
DPSOLILHUV ZLWK RQH LQSXW DQG  RXWSXWV HDFK $Q 5*%+9 VLJQDO UHDFKHV
LQSXWV RI DPSOLILHU 1R  )URP WKH DSSURSULDWH ORRSLQJ FRQQHFWRUV RI
DPSOLILHU 1R  D FDEOH LV FRQQHFWHG WR WKH DSSURSULDWH LQSXW VRFNHWV RI
DPSOLILHU 1R  7KH ORRS RXWSXWV RI DPSOLILHU 1R  DUH FRQQHFWHG WR WKH
LQSXWVRFNHWVRIDPSOLILHU1R%\WKLVZD\WKHLQSXWVLJQDOLVGLYLGHGLQWR
VHSDUDWHRXWSXWVLJQDOV7KHRSHUDWRUPXVWDOZD\VVZLWFKWKHWHUPLQDWLRQ
VZLWFKHV RI DOO WKH DPSOLILHUV EXW WKH ODVW WR +L] 7KH ODVW DPSOLILHU¶V



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'     3DJH 

WHUPLQDWLRQVZLWFKHVVKRXOGDOZD\VEHDW2KPWRPDLQWDLQZHOOPDWFKHG
YLGHR OLQH RI 2KP LPSHGDQFH IURP ILUVW WR ODVW DPSOLILHU 1RWH WKDW LI
ORRSLQJ IXQFWLRQ LV QRW XVHG WKH WHUPLQDWLRQ VZLWFK VKRXOG EH VHW WR 
2KP  1RWH,I 77/ OHYHO 6\QFV +9 DUH XVHG WKHQ DOO WHUPLQDWLRQ
VZLWFKHV UHODWHG WR WKH +RUL]RQWDO DQG 9HUWLFDO LQSXWV LQFOXGLQ  WKH ODVW
PDFKLQH¶VVZLWFKHVVKRXOGEHLQWKH+L]SRVLWLRQ
 ,I ORRSLQJ LV QRW XVHG FRQQHFW DQ 5*%+9 PRQLWRU LI QHHGHG WR WKH ORRS
FRQQHFWRUVRIWKHDPSOLILHU
 &RQQHFW 5*%+9 DFFHSWRUV WR WKH RXWSXWV RI WKH DPSOLILHU WDNLQJ FDUH WR
FRQQHFW WKH 5(' RXWSXW RI WKH DPSOLILHU WR WKH 5(' LQSXW RI WKH DFFHSWRU
*5((1WR*5((1HWF8VHHTXDOOHQJWKFDEOHVIRUDOOVLJQDOV
 2SHUDWHWKHDPSOLILHUVRXUFHDQGDFFHSWRUV
 $GMXVWLIQHHGHGWKHOHYHOFRQWURODQGWKHFDEOH(4FRQWURO$VGHVFULEHGLQ
VHFWLRQ³KDQGOLQJVLJQDOORVVHV´
 933UHVHW
,Q RUGHU WR XVH WKH 93 HIILFLHQWO\ WKH PDFKLQH VKRXOG EH SUHVHW WR WKH
UHTXLUHGDSSOLFDWLRQ7KHLQSXWFRXSOLQJFDQEHVHOHFWHGE\WKHXVHUWREHHLWKHU$&RU
'&,QJHQHUDOLIWKHVRXUFHLVRIKLJKTXDOLW\DQGFRQIRUPVWRWKHVWDQGDUGVWKHQ'&
FRXSOLQJ VKRXOG EH VHOHFWHG RQ DOO LQSXWV E\ SUHVVLQJ LQ WKH UHOHYDQW EXWWRQV '&
FRXSOLQJ,IKRZHYHUWKHVRXUFHLVDQRQVWDQGDUGVRXUFHWKHVLJQDOVPD\ULGHRQ'&
RIIVHWYROWDJHV,QWKLVFDVHWKH$&'&EXWWRQVVKRXOGEHUHOHDVHG$&FRXSOLQJ,I
WKH DPSOLILHU LV XVHG IRU SURSHU 5*%+9 VLJQDOV 5*% DUH DQDORJ +9 DUH 77/
OHYHOWKHQWKH$&'&VZLWFKHVVKRXOGEHXVHGLIQHHGHGRQO\IRUWKH5*%VLJQDOV
7KH+9VKRXOGDOZD\VUHPDLQLQWKH'&SRVLWLRQSUHVVHGLQ
7KHGHIDXOWVWDWHRIWKRVHEXWWRQVVKRXOGEHDW'&FRXSOLQJSUHVVHGLQ2QO\LIWKHUH
DUHSUREOHPVVLJQDOVDUHWRRGDUNWRREULJKWORRNLQJ³EXUQHG´RU GLVWRUWHGWRJJOH
WKH$&'&VZLWFKHVRIWKH5*%FKDQQHOVRQO\LQWRWKH$&SRVLWLRQUHOHDVHG
 DQGOLQJVLJQDOORVVHV
+LJKUHVROXWLRQ 5*%+99*$;*$ VLJQDOV DUH YHU\ VHQVLWLYH WR FDEOH OHQJWK DQG
TXDOLW\/RQJDQGRUORZTXDOLW\FDEOHVWHQGWRGHJUDGHWKHVLJQDOTXDOLW\UHVXOWLQJLQ
LPDJH³VPHDU´DQGILQHGHWDLOORVVDVZHOODVVLJQDOOHYHODWWHQXDWLRQ
7KH93DOORZWKHXVHUWRKDQGOHDQGFRUUHFWWKRVHSUREOHPVXVLQJWKHEXLOW
LQ DPSOLILHUV 8VLQJ KLJK TXDOLW\ FDEOHV RI  PHWHU OHQJWK ZLOO QRW UHTXLUH
DGMXVWPHQW HYHQ ZKHQ WKH VLJQDOV LQYROYHG DUH 8;*$ VLJQDOV  [ 
UHVROXWLRQ
(YHQ ZLWK WKH EHVW DYDLODEOH FDEOHV DW 6;*$ UHVROXWLRQ  [  RU 8;*$
UHVROXWLRQ WKHUH PLJKW EH DSSDUHQW VLJQDO GHSUHFLDWLRQ DW RYHU ILYH PHWHUV ,Q ORZ
TXDOLW\FDEOHVWKRVHKLJKUHVROXWLRQVLJQDOVZLOOEHDIIHFWHGDWGLVWDQFHVHYHQVKRUWHU