Kurzweil K2600 - MUSICIANS GUIDE REV A PART NUMBER 910331 CHAP... User manual

KDFX Reference
In This Chapter
10-1
Chapter 10
KDFX Reference
InThis Chapter
¥ KDFX Algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
¥ KDFX Presets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
¥ KDFX Studios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
¥ KDFX Algorithm SpeciÞcations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8

10-2
KDFX Reference
KDFX Algorithms
KDFX Algorithms
Reverb Algorithms
Delay Algorithms
Chorus / Flange /
Phaser Algorithms
ID Name
1 MiniVerb
2 Dual MiniVerb
3 Gated MiniVerb
4 Classic Place
5 Classic Verb
6TQ Place
7 TQ Verb
8Diffuse Place
9 Diffuse Verb
10 OmniPlace
11 OmniVerb
12 Panaural Room
13 Stereo Hall
14 Grand Plate
15 Finite Verb
ID Name
130 Complex Echo
131 4-Tap Delay
132 4-Tap Delay BPM
133 8-Tap Delay
134 8-Tap Delay BPM
135 Spectral 4-Tap
136 Spectral 6-Tap
ID Name
150 Chorus 1
151 Chorus 2
152 Dual Chorus 1
153 Dual Chorus 2
154 Flanger 1
155 Flanger 2
156 LFO Phaser
157 LFO Phaser Twin
158 Manual Phaser
159 Vibrato Phaser
160 SingleLFO Phaser
Combination
Algorithms
Distortion Algorithms
ToneWheel Organ
Algorithms
ID Name
700 Chorus+Delay
701 Chorus+4Tap
702 Chorus<>4Tap
703 Chor+Dly+Reverb
704 Chorus<>Reverb
705 Chorus<>LasrDly
706 Flange+Delay
707 Flange+4Tap
708 Flange<>4Tap
709 Flan+Dly+Reverb
710 Flange<>Reverb
711 Flange<>LasrDly
712 Flange<>Pitcher
713 Flange<>Shaper
714 Quantize+Flange
715 Dual MovDelay
716 Quad MovDelay
717 LasrDly<>Reverb
718 Shaper<>Reverb
719 Reverb<>Compress
720 MonoPitcher+Chor
721 MonoPitcher+Flan
722 Pitcher+Chor+Dly
723 Pitcher+Flan+Dly
ID Name
724 Mono Distortion
725 MonoDistort+Cab
726 MonoDistort + EQ
727 PolyDistort + EQ
728 StereoDistort+EQ
729 TubeAmp<>MD>Chor
730 TubeAmp<>MD>Flan
731 PolyAmp<>MD>Chor
732 PolyAmp<>MD>Flan
ID Name
733 VibChor+Rotor 2
734 Distort + Rotary
735 KB3 FXBus
736 KB3 AuxFX
737 VibChor+Rotor 4
Special FX Algorithms
Studio / Mixdown
FX Algorithms
Tools
ID Name
900 Env Follow Filt
901 TrigEnvelopeFilt
902 LFO Sweep Filter
903 Resonant Filter
904 Dual Res Filter
905 EQ Morpher
906 Mono EQ Morpher
907 Ring Modulator
908 Pitcher
909 Super Shaper
910 3 Band Shaper
911 Mono LaserVerb
912 LaserVerb Lite
913 LaserVerb
ID Name
950 HardKneeCompress
951 SoftKneeCompress
952 Expander
953 Compress w/SC EQ
954 Compress/Expand
955 Comp/Exp + EQ
956 Compress 3 Band
957 Gate
958 Super Gate
959 2 Band Enhancer
960 3 Band Enhancer
961 Tremolo
962 Tremolo BPM
963 AutoPanner
964 Dual AutoPanner
965 SRS
966 Stereo Image
967 Mono -> Stereo
968 Graphic EQ
969 Dual Graphic EQ
970 5 Band EQ
ID Name
998 FXMod Diagnostic
999 Stereo Analyze

KDFX Reference
KDFX Presets
10-3
KDFX Presets
ID Preset Name KDFX
Alg
1 NiceLittleBooth 1
2Small Wood Booth 4
3 Natural Room 5
4 PrettySmallPlace 4
5 Sun Room 5
6 Soundboard 7
7 Add More Air 10
8 Standard Booth 8
9 A Distance Away 6
10 Live Place 8
15 BrightSmallRoom 1
16 Bassy Room 1
17 Percussive Room 1
18 SmallStudioRoom 4
19 ClassRoom 5
20 Utility Room 5
21 Thick Room 5
22 The Real Room 5
23 Sizzly Drum Room 5
24 Real Big Room 5
25 The Comfy Club 9
26 Spitty Drum Room 7
27 Stall One 7
28 Green Room 7
29 Tabla Room 12
30 Large Room 7
31 Platey Room 14
40 SmallDrumChamber 1
41 Brass Chamber 1
42 Sax Chamber 1
43 Plebe Chamber 1
44 In The Studio 4
45 My Garage 4
46 School Stairwell 4
47 JudgeJudyChamber 7
48 Bloom Chamber 7
55 Grandiose Hall 1
56 Elegant Hall 1
57 Bright Hall 1
58 Ballroom 1
59 Spacious Hall 5
60 Classic Chapel 5
61 Semisweet Hall 5
62 Pipes Hall 704
63 Reflective Hall 5
64 Smoooth Hall 5
65 Splendid Palace 5
66 Pad Space 11
67 Bob'sDiffuseHall 9
68 Abbey Piano Hall 7
69 Short Hall 13
70 The Long Haul 7
71 Predelay Hall 9
72 Sweeter Hall 7
73 The Piano Hall 7
74 Bloom Hall 9
75 Recital Hall 12
76 Generic Hall 12
77 Burst Space 9
78 Real Dense Hall 7
79 Concert Hall 9
80 Standing Ovation 11
81 Flinty Hall 7
82 HighSchool Gym 7
83 My Dreamy 481!! 9
84 Deep Hall 9
85 Immense Mosque 7
86 Dreamverb 10
87 Huge Batcave 12
95 Classic Plate 5
96 Weighty Platey 5
97 Medm Warm Plate 7
98 Bloom Plate 9
99 Clean Plate 9
100 Plate Mail 11
101 RealSmoothPlate 9
102 Huge Tight Plate 9
103 BigPredelayPlate 7
110 L:SmlRm R:LrgRm 2
111 L:SmlRm R:Hall 2
112 Gated Reverb 3
113 Gate Plate 3
114 Exponent Booth 10
115 Drum Latch1 10
116 Drum Latch2 10
117 Diffuse Gate 9
118 Acid Trip Room 10
119 Furbelows 9
120 Festoons 9
121 Reverse Reverb 15
130 Guitar Echo 130
131 Stereo Echoes1 130
132 Stereo Echoes2 130
133 4-Tap Delay 132
134 OffbeatFlamDelay 132
135 8-Tap Delay 134
136 Spectral 4-Tap 135
137 Astral Taps 135
138 SpectraShapeTaps 136
150 Basic Chorus 152
ID Preset Name KDFX
Alg
151 Chorus Comeback 152
152 Chorusier 152
153 Ordinary Chorus 152
154 SlowSpinChorus 152
155 Chorus Morris 152
156 Everyday Chorus 152
157 Thick Chorus 153
158 Soft Chorus 153
159 Rock Chorus 153
160 Sm Stereo Chorus 150
161 Lg Stereo Chorus 151
170 Big Slow Flange 154
171 Wetlip Flange 154
172 Sweet Flange 154
173 Throaty Flange 154
174 Delirium Tremens 154
175 Flanger Double 154
176 Squeeze Flange 154
177 Simply Flange 155
178 Analog Flanger 155
190 Circles 156
191 Slow Deep Phaser 157
192 Manual Phaser 158
193 Vibrato Phaser 159
194 ThunderPhaser 159
195 Saucepan Phaser 160
199 No Effect 0
700 Chorus Delay 700
701 Chorus PanDelay 700
702 Doubler & Echo 700
703 Chorus VryLngDly 700
704 FastChorusDouble 700
705 BasicChorusDelay 700
706 MultiTap Chorus 701
707 ThickChorus no4T 701
708 Chorused Taps 702
709 Chorus Slapbacks 705
710 MultiEchoChorus 705
711 ChorusDelayHall 703
712 ChorDlyRvb Lead 703
713 ChorDlyRvb Lead2 703
714 Fluid ChorDlyRvb 703
715 ChorLite DlyHall 703
716 ChorusSmallRoom 703
717 DeepChorDlyHall 703
718 Chorus PercHall 703
719 Chorus Booth 703
720 ClassicEP ChorRm 703
ID Preset Name KDFX
Alg

10-4
KDFX Reference
KDFX Presets
721 ChorusMedChamber 704
722 Vanilla ChorRvb 704
723 Chorus Slow Hall 704
724 SoftChorus Hall 704
725 ChorBigBrtPlate 704
726 Chorus Air 704
727 Chorus HiCeiling 704
728 Chorus MiniHall 704
729 CathedralChorus 704
730 PsiloChorusHall 704
731 GuitarChorLsrDly 705
732 Flange + Delay 706
733 ThroatyFlangeDly 706
734 Flange + 4Tap 707
735 Bap ba-da-dap 707
736 Slapback Flange 706
737 Quantize+Flange 714
738 FlangeDelayHall 709
739 FlangeDelayRoom 709
740 SloFlangeDlyRoom 709
741 FlangeDlyBigHall 709
742 Flange Theatre 710
743 FlangeVerb Clav 710
744 FlangeVerb Gtr 710
745 Flange Hall 710
746 Flange Booth 710
747 Flange->LaserDly 711
748 FlangeTap Synth 708
749 Lazertag Flange 711
750 Flange->Pitcher 712
751 Flange->Shaper 713
752 Shaper->Flange 713
753 Warped Echoes 715
754 L:Flange R:Delay 715
755 StereoFlamDelay 715
756 2Dlys Ch Fl Mono 716
757 LaserDelay->Rvb 717
758 Shaper->Reverb 718
759 MnPitcher+Chorus 720
760 MnPitcher+Flange 721
ID Preset Name KDFX
Alg
761 Pitcher+Chor+Dly 722
762 Pitcher+Flng+Dly 723
763 SubtleDistortion 724
764 Synth Distortion 727
765 Dist Cab EPiano 725
766 Distortion+EQ 726
767 Burnt Transistor 728
768 TubeAmp DlyChor 729
769 TubeAmp DlyChor2 729
770 TubeAmp DlyFlnge 730
771 TubeAmp Flange 730
772 PolyAmp Chorus 731
773 PolyAmp DlyFlnge 732
774 VibrChor Rotors 733
775 SlightDistRotors 734
776 Rotostort 734
777 VibrChor Rotors2 733
778 Full VbCh Rotors 737
779 KB3 FXBus 735
780 KB3 AuxFX 736
900 Basic Env Filter 900
901 Phunk Env Filter 900
902 Synth Env Filter 900
903 Bass Env Filter 900
904 EPno Env Filter 900
905 Trig Env Filter 901
906 LFO Sweep Filter 902
907 DoubleRiseFilter 902
908 Circle Bandsweep 902
909 Resonant Filter 903
910 Dual Res Filter 904
911 EQ Morpher 905
912 Mono EQ Morpher 906
913 Ring Modulator 907
914 PitcherA 908
915 PitcherB 908
916 SuperShaper 909
917 SubtleDrumShape 910
918 3 Band Shaper 910
919 LaserVerb 913
920 Laserwaves 913
ID Preset Name KDFX
Alg
921 Crystallizer 913
922 Spry Young Boy 912
923 Cheap LaserVerb 912
924 Drum Neurezonate 911
925 LazerfazerEchoes 911
950 HKCompressor 3:1 950
951 DrumKompress 5:1 950
952 SK FB Comprs 6:1 951
953 SKCompressor 9:1 951
954 SKCompressr 12:1 951
955 Compress w/SC EQ 953
956 Compress/Expand 954
957 Comprs/Expnd +EQ 955
958 Reverb>Compress 719
959 Reverb>Compress2 719
960 Drum Comprs>Rvb 719
961 Expander 952
962 3Band Compressor 956
963 Simple Gate 957
964 Gate w/ SC EQ 958
965 Graphic EQ 968
966 5 Band EQ 970
967 ContourGraphicEQ 969
968 Dance GraphicEQ 969
969 OldPianoEnhancer 959
970 3 Band Enhancer 960
971 3 Band Enhancer2 960
972 Extreem Enhancer 960
973 Tremolo 962
974 Dual Panner 964
975 SRS 965
976 Widespread 966
977 Mono->Stereo 967
998 Stereo Analyze 999
999 FX Mod Diag 998
ID Preset Name KDFX
Alg

KDFX Reference
KDFX Studios
10-5
KDFX Studios
ID Name Bus1
FX Preset Bus2 FX Preset Bus3 FX Preset Bus4 FX Preset Aux Bus FX Preset
1 RoomChorDly Hall 16 156 714 0 78
2 RmChorChRv Hall 17 154 722 0 69
3 RoomChorCDR Hall 16 156 714 0 76
4 RoomChor Hall 23 157 0 0 78
5 RoomChrCh4T Hall 22 156 706 0 72
6 RoomFlngCDR Hall 42 170 711 0 75
7 RoomFlgEcho Hall 21 176 131 0 85
8 RmFlngStImg Garg 19 172 976 0 45
9 RmFlgChDly Room 20 172 151 0 24
10 ChmbFlgGtRv Hall 42 170 112 0 75
11 RoomFlngCDR Hall 16 172 718 0 87
12 RoomFlngLsr Echo 22 172 925 0 119
13 RmFlgFXFlng Flng 23 174 173 0 171
14 SpaceFlng Hall 58 170 0 0 30
15 ChmbFlngCDR Verb 42 170 711 0 83
16 RoomPhsrCDR Hall 16 190 712 0 76
17 RmPhsrQuFlg Hall 19 190 737 0 76
18 RoomPhsr Space 25 191 0 0 114
19 RmEQmphEcho Comp 17 912 131 0 954
20 RmEQmphEcho Hall 17 912 131 0 65
21 RmEQmph4Tp Space 17 912 133 0 5
22 RmEQmph4Tap Hall 17 912 133 0 65
23 RmSweepEcho Hall 15 906 130 0 69
24 RoomResEcho Hall 3 909 131 0 71
25 RmRotoFl4T CmpRv 15 777 734 0 959
26 RoomSrsCDR Hall 16 975 712 0 75
27 RoomSRSRoom Room 17 975 15 0 29
28 RoomSRSChDl Hall 22 975 700 0 78
29 RoomSrsCDR CDR 16 975 712 0 711
30 RmStImgChDl Hall 22 976 700 0 73
31 RoomSRSRoom Chmb 17 975 15 0 47
32 RoomSRSRoom Hall 17 975 15 0 78
33 ChmbCompCDR Hall 42 953 711 0 75
34 RoomCmpChor Hall 15 951 152 0 78
35 RoomComp Hall 27 951 0 0 79
36 RoomComp Hall 7 953 0 0 67
37 BthComp SRS Hall 2 952 0 975 63
38 RoomCmpCh4T Hall 23 951 706 0 78
39 RmDsRotFl4t RvCm 15 776 734 0 959
40 RoomRmHall Hall 22 17 55 0 100
41 Room Room SRS2 22 0 44 0 975
42 RoomRmHall Hall 22 17 55 0 78
43 Room Room Hall 22 0 44 0 75
44 Room Hall Hall 23 0 61 0 78
45 Room Room Hall2 22 0 23 0 79
46 Room Room Hall2 22 44 0 0 85
47 Room Room Hall2 22 0 44 0 85
48 Room Hall Hall2 22 0 62 0 85
49 Sndbrd Room Hall 6 0 15 0 68
50 Sndbrd Rm Hall2 6 0 15 0 73
51 Room Room Hall3 22 0 15 0 68
52 auxChrMDly Room 0 158 753 0 30
53 auxFlngChRv Room 0 170 723 0 28
54 auxShp4MDly Hall 0 917 756 0 63
55 auxDistLasr Room 0 763 920 0 29
56 auxEnhSp4T Class 0 970 136 0 19
57 auxDistLasr Acid 0 767 924 0 118
58 EnhcManPhs Room 970 192 0 0 27
59 EnhrFlg8Tap Room 969 170 135 0 15
60 EnhcCmpFlng Room 969 950 177 0 24

10-6
KDFX Reference
KDFX Studios
61 CompEQmphCh Room 952 912 153 0 4
62 BthQFlg4Tap Hall 2 737 133 0 76
63 ChmbTremCDR Room 42 973 715 0 29
64 ChmbCmpFlRv Hall 41 952 744 0 69
65 ChamDstEcho Room 41 764 131 0 28
66 ChamFlg4Tap Hall 41 173 136 0 75
67 ChmbEnv4Tap GtRv 42 903 134 0 112
68 CmbrShapLsr Hall 42 916 922 0 69
69 auxPtchDst+ Chmb 0 914 772 0 48
70 auxChorFlRv Cmbr 0 150 742 0 42
71 auxChorFlRv Cmb2 0 155 742 0 42
72 auxChorFlRv Cmb3 0 150 745 0 42
73 auxChorFlRv Cmb4 0 150 742 0 18
74 HallFlgChDl Room 56 177 700 0 29
75 HallPtchLsr Hall 57 915 922 0 75
76 HallGateFl4T Bth 55 963 748 0 1
77 HallChorFDR Room 55 707 739 0 29
78 HallPtchPtFl Lsr 57 915 760 0 919
79 HallFlng8Tp Room 56 176 135 0 29
80 HallChrEcho Room 55 158 132 0 31
81 HallChorCDR Hall 55 152 715 0 55
82 HallRsFltChDl Rm 46 909 700 0 18
83 Hall ChDly Hall 56 0 704 0 30
84 HallFlgChDl Hall 56 177 700 0 65
85 Hall Room SRS 75 0 17 0 975
86 Hall Room Room 78 0 15 0 22
87 Hall CmpRvb 67000958
88 Hall Flng Hall 63 177 0 0 86
89 HallRoomChr Hall 46 15 151 0 82
90 auxPhsrFDR Hall 0 193 741 0 75
91 auxChrDist+ Hall 0 150 768 0 75
92 auxFlgDist+ Hall 0 170 769 0 75
93 auxChrDst+ Hall 0 150 768 0 76
94 auxChorMDly Hall 0 159 755 0 76
95 auxChorSp6T Hall 0 152 138 0 75
96 auxChorChDl Hall 0 153 702 0 64
97 auxPhasStIm Hall 0 195 976 0 95
98 auxFlngCDR Hall 0 172 713 0 65
99 auxPhsrFldblHall 0 193 175 0 75
100 auxSRSRoom Hall 0 975 25 0 78
101 auxFlLsr SwHall 0 170 922 0 72
102 auxEnh4Tap Hall 0 972 133 0 79
103 EnhcChorCDR Hall 969 152 716 0 56
104 EnhChorChDl Hall 970 156 703 0 61
105 EnhcChor Plate 971 152 0 0 98
106 CompFlgChor Hall 952 173 153 0 63
107 ChorChorFlg Hall 159 150 170 0 55
108 ChapelSRS Hall 60 975 0 0 79
109 ChapelSRS Hall2 60 975 0 0 85
110 Chapel Room Hall 60 0 23 0 78
111 PltEnvFl4T Room 43 903 735 0 25
112 PlatEnvFl4T Filt 43 903 735 0 907
113 PltEnvFl4T Plate 43 902 735 0 103
114 PltTEnvFlg Plate 43 905 170 0 31
115 PlateRngMd Hall 102 913 0 0 95
116 auxDist+Echo Plt 0 772 130 0 31
117 auxEnvSp4T Plate 0 904 136 0 31
118 auxShap4MD Plate 0 918 756 0 31
119 auxChorDist+ Plt 0 156 768 0 31
120 auxShFlgChDl Plt 0 752 710 0 103
ID Name Bus1
FX Preset Bus2 FX Preset Bus3 FX Preset Bus4 FX Preset Aux Bus FX Preset

KDFX Reference
KDFX Studios
10-7
121 auxMPFlgLasr Plt 0 760 923 0 103
122 auxShap4MD Plate 0 917 756 0 31
123 FlgEnv4Tap Plate 173 904 133 0 31
124 EnhrFlgCDR Plate 969 170 712 0 96
125 auxRingPFD Plate 0 913 762 0 97
126 GtRvShapMDl Room 112 916 754 0 29
127 GtdEnhcStIm Room 112 969 976 0 17
128 Gtd2ChrEcho 2Vrb 112 151 130 0 110
129 GtdEnhcStIm Hall 112 969 976 0 72
130 auxEnvSp4T GtVrb 0 904 136 0 112
131 GtRbSwpFlt Lasr 112 908 0 0 924
132 GtRbSwpFlt FlDly 112 907 0 0 733
133 ChRvStIEcho Hall 724 976 130 0 75
134 ChorChorCDR Spac 151 152 715 0 58
135 ChDlDstEQ Hall 701 767 0 0 83
136 auxDPanCDR ChPlt 0 974 713 0 725
137 AuxChorFlng CDR 0 157 173 0 712
138 auxEnhcSp4T CDR 0 970 136 0 711
139 auxPtchDst+ ChRv 0 914 772 0 721
140 EnhcChorChDl PCD 970 156 703 0 761
141 auxPoly FDR 0 764 0 0 738
142 EnhcChorChDl FDR 970 156 703 0 740
143 EnhcChrChDl FDR2 970 156 705 0 740
144 auxRotoSp4T FlRv 0 777 136 0 743
145 auxRotaryFDR Plt 0 774 739 0 97
146 RotoOrgFX Hall 778 0 0 0 59
147 CmpRvbFlDl Hall 960 0 732 0 86
148 auxEnhSp4T CmpRv 0 971 136 0 958
149 auxPtchRoom RvCm 0 914 17 0 958
150 PhsrChorCDR Phsr 194 151 717 0 194
151 ChDlSp4TFlDl Phs 151 137 732 0 192
152 auxFlgDst+ ChLsD 0 170 769 0 709
153 auxFlgDst+ ChLs2 0 170 771 0 709
154 RoomRoomSRS CmRv 4 15 0 975 960
155 RoomRoom Room 5 18 0 0 27
156 GtRvPlate Hall 113 96 0 0 82
157 RoomRoom SRS 17 26 0 0 975
158 EnhcSp4T Hall 970 136 0 0 61
159 Room RoomChr SRS 17 0 15 157 975
160 KB3 V/C ->Rotary 779 0 0 0 780
161 EQStImg 5BndEQ 199 965 976 199 966
162 aux5BeqStIm Hall 199 966 976 199 78
198 Digitech Studio 00000
199 Default Studio 0 0 0 0 0
ID Name Bus1
FX Preset Bus2 FX Preset Bus3 FX Preset Bus4 FX Preset Aux Bus FX Preset

10-8
KDFX Reference
KDFX Algorithm Specifications
KDFX Algorithm Specifications
Algorithms 1 and 2: MiniVerbs
1 MiniVerb
2 Dual MiniVerb
Versatile, small stereo and dual mono reverbs
PAUs: 1 for MiniVerb
2 for Dual MiniVerb
MiniVerb is a versatile stereo reverb is found in many combination algorithms, but is equally useful on its
own because of its small size. The main control for this effect is the Room Type parameter. Room Type
changes the structure of the algorithm to simulate many carefully crafted room types and sizes. Spaces
characterized as booths, small rooms, chambers, halls and large spaces can be selected.
Figure 10-1 Simplified Block Diagram of MiniVerb
Each Room Type incorporates different diffusion, room size and reverb density settings. The Room Types
were designed to sound best when Diff Scale, Size Scale and Density are set to the default values of 1.00x .
If you want a reverb to sound perfect immediately, set the Diff Scale, Size Scale and Density parameters to
1.00x , pick a Room Type and youÕll be on the way to a great sounding reverb. But if you want to
experiment with new reverb ßavors, changing the scaling parameters away from 1.00x can cause a subtle
(or drastic!) coloring of the carefully crafted Room Types.
Diffusion characterizes how the reverb spreads the early reßection out in time. At very low settings of Diff
Scale, the early reßections start to sound quite discrete, and at higher settings the early reßections are
L PreDelay
R PreDelay
Miniverb
Core
L Input
R Input
L Output
R Output
Wet Out Gain
Dry
Dry

KDFX Reference
KDFX Algorithm Specifications
10-9
seamless. Density controls how tightly the early reßections are packed in time. Low Density settings have
the early reßections grouped close together, and higher values spread the reßections for a smoother reverb.
Figure 10-2 Simplified Block Diagram of Dual MiniVerb
Dual MiniVerb has a full MiniVerb, including Wet/Dry, Pre Delay and Out Gain controls, dedicated to
both the left and right channels. In Figure 10-2, the two blocks labeled MiniVerb contain a complete copy
of the contents of Figure 10-1. Dual MiniVerb gives you indepenent reverbs on both channels which has
obvious beneÞts for mono material. With stereo material, any panning or image placement can be
maintained, even in the reverb tails! This is pretty unusual behaviour for a reverb, since even real halls will
rapidly delocalize acoustic images in the reverberance. Since maintaining image placement in the
reverberation is so unusual, you will have to carefully consider whether it is appropriate for your
particular situation. To use Dual MiniVerb to maintain stereo signals in this manner, set the reverb
parameters for both channels to the same values. The Dry Pan and Wet Bal parameters should be fully left
(
-100% ) for the left MiniVerb and fully right ( 100% ) for the right MiniVerb.
MiniVerb Parameters
Page 1
Page 2
Wet/Dry 0 to 100%wet Out Gain Off, -79.0 to 24.0 dB
Rvrb Time 0.5 to 30.0 s, Inf HF Damping 16 to 25088 Hz
L Pre Dly 0 to 620 ms R Pre Dly 0 to 620 ms
Room Type Hall1 Diff Scale 0.00 to 2.00x
Size Scale 0.00 to 4.00x
Density 0.00 to 4.00x
Pan
Pan
MiniVerb Balance
Balance
L Input
R Input
L Output
R Output
MiniVerb
Dry
Dry
Wet
Wet

10-10
KDFX Reference
KDFX Algorithm Specifications
Dual MiniVerb Parameters
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Wet / Dry A simple mix of the reverb sound with the dry sound.
Out Gain The overall gain or amplitude at the output of the effect.
Rvrb Time The reverb time displayed is accurate for normal settings of the other parameters (HF
Damping = 25088kHz, and Diff Scale, Room Scale and Density = 1.00x). Changing Rvrb
Time to Inf creates an inÞnitely sustaining reverb.
HF Damping Reduces high frequency components of the reverb above the displayed cutoff frequency.
Removing higher reverb frequencies can often make rooms sound more natural.
L/R Pre Dly The delay between the start of a sound and the output of the Þrst reverb reßections from
that sound. Longer pre-delays can help make larger spaces sound more realistic. Longer
times can also help improve the clarity of a mix by separating the reverb signal from the
dry signal, so the dry signal is not obscured. Likewise, the wet signal will be more audible
if delayed, and thus you can get by with a dryer mix while maintaining the same
subjective wet/dry level.
Room Type Changes the conÞguration of the reverb algorithm to simulate a wide array of carefully
designed room types and sizes. This parameter effectively allows you to have several
different reverb algorithms only a parameter change away. Smaller Room Types will
sound best with shorter Rvrb Times, and vice versa. (Note that since this parameter
changes the structure of the reverb algorithm, you donÕt want to modulate it.)
L Wet/Dry 0 to 100%wet R Wet/Dry 0 to 100%wet
L Out Gain Off, -79.0 to 24.0 dB R Out Gain Off, -79.0 to 24.0 dB
L Wet Bal -100 to 100% R Wet Bal -100 to 100%
L Dry Pan -100 to 100% R Dry Pan -100 to 100%
L RoomType Hall1
L RvrbTime 0.5 to 30.0 s, Inf
L Diff Scl 0.00 to 2.00x L Density 0.00 to 4.00x
L Size Scl 0.00 to 4.00x L HF Damp 16 to 25088 Hz
L PreDlyL 0 to 620 ms L PreDlyR 0 to 620 ms
R RoomType Hall1
R RvrbTime 0.5 to 30.0 s, Inf
R Diff Scl 0.00 to 2.00x R Density 0.00 to 4.00x
R Size Scl 0.00 to 4.00x R HF Damp 16 to 25088 Hz
R PreDlyL 0 to 620 ms R PreDlyR 0 to 620 ms

KDFX Reference
KDFX Algorithm Specifications
10-11
Diff Scale A multiplier which affects the diffusion of the reverb. At 1.00x, the diffusion will be the
normal, carefully adjusted amount for the current Room Type. Altering this parameter
will change the diffusion from the preset amount.
Size Scale A multiplier which changes the size of the current room. At 1.00x, the room will be the
normal, carefully tweaked size of the current Room Type. Altering this parameter will
change the size of the room, and thus will cause a subtle coloration of the reverb (since the
roomÕs dimensions are changing).
Density A multiplier which affects the density of the reverb. At 1.00x, the room density will be the
normal, carefully set amount for the current Room Type. Altering this parameter will
change the density of the reverb, which may color the room slightly.
Wet Bal In Dual MiniVerb, two mono signals (left and right) are fed into two separate stereo
reverbs. If you center the wet balance (0%), the left and right outputs of the reverb will be
sent to the Þnal output in equal amounts. This will add a sense of spaciousness

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KDFX Reference
KDFX Algorithm Specifications
3 Gated MiniVerb
A reverb and compressor in series.
PAUs: 2
This algorithm is a small reverb followed by a gate. The main control for the reverb is the Room Type
parameter. The main control for the reverb is the Room Type parameter. Room Type changes the structure
of the algorithm to simulate many carefully crafted room types and sizes. Spaces characterized as booths,
small rooms, chambers, halls and large spaces can be selected.
Each Room Type incorporates different diffusion, room size and reverb density settings. The Room Types
were designed to sound best when Diff Scale, Size Scale and Density are set to the default values of 1.00x.
If you want a reverb to sound perfect immediately, set the Diff Scale, Size Scale and Density parameters to
1.00x, pick a Room Type and youÕll be on the way to a great sounding reverb. But if you want experiment
with new reverb ßavors, changing the scaling parameters away from 1.00x can cause a subtle (or drastic!)
coloring of the carefully crafted Room Types.
Diffusion characterizes how the reverb spreads the early reßection out in time. At very low settings of Diff
Scale, the early reßections start to sound quite discrete, and at higher settings the early reßections are
seamless. Density controls how tightly the early reßections are packed in time. Low Density settings have
the early reßections grouped close together, and higher values spread the reßections for a smoother reverb.
The gate turns the output of the reverb on and off based on the amplitude of the input signal.
A gate behaves like an on off switch for a signal. One or both input channels is used to control whether the
switch is on (gate is open) or off (gate is closed). The on/off control is called Òside chainÓ processing. You
select which of the two input channels or both is used for side chain processing. When you select both
channels, the sum of the left and right input amplitudes is used. The gate is opened when the side chain
amplitude rises above a level that you specify with the Threshold parameter.
The gate will stay open for as long as the side chain signal is above the threshold. When the signal drops
below the threshold, the gate will remain open for the time set with the Gate Time parameter. At the end of
the Gate Time, the gate closes. When the signal rises above threshold, it opens again. What is happening is
that the gate timer is being constantly retriggered while the signal is above threshold.
Figure 10-3 Gate Behavior
0
1
attack
time gate time release time
signal rises
above threshold signal falls below threshold

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KDFX Algorithm Specifications
10-13
If Gate Duck is turned on, then the behaviour of the gate is reversed. The gate is open while the side chain
signal is below threshold, and it closes when the signal rises above thresold.
If the gate opened and closed instantaneously, you would hear a large digital click, like a big knife switch
was being thrown. Obviously thatÕs not a good idea, so Gate Atk (attack) and Gate Rel (release) parameters
are use to set the times for the gate to open and close. More precisely, depending on whether Gate Duck is
off or on, Gate Atk sets how fast the gate opens or closes when the side chain signal rises above the
threshold. The Gate Rel sets how fast the gate closes or opens after the gate timer has elapsed.
The Signal Dly parameter delays the signal being gated, but does not delay the side chain signal. By
delaying the main signal relative to the side chain signal, you can open the gate just before the main signal
rises above threshold. ItÕs a little like being able to pick up the telephone before it rings!
Parameters
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Wet/Dry A simple mix of the reverb sound with the dry sound. When set fully dry (0%), the gate is
still active.
Out Gain An overall level control of the effectÕs output (applied after the Wet/Dry mix).
Rvrb Time The reverb time displayed is accurate for normal settings of the other parameters (HF
Damping = 25088kHz, and Diff Scale, Room Scale and Density = 1.00x). Changing Rvrb
Time to Inf creates an inÞnitely sustaining reverb.
HF Damping Reduces high frequency components of the reverb above the displayed cutoff frequency.
Removing higher reverb frequencies can often make rooms sound more natural.
L/R Pre Dly The delay between the start of a sound and the output of the Þrst reverb reßections from
that sound. Longer pre-delays can help make larger spaces sound more realistic. Longer
times can also help improve the clarity of a mix by separating the reverb signal from the
dry signal, so the dry signal is not obscured. Likewise, the wet signal will be more audible
Wet/Dry 0 to 100%wet Out Gain Off, -79.0 to 24.0 dB
Rvrb Time 0.5 to 30.0s, Inf HF Damping 16 to 25088 Hz
L Pre Dly 0 to 620ms R Pre Dly 0 to 620 ms
Room Type Hall1 Diff Scale 0.00 to 2.00x
Size Scale 0.00 to 4.00x
Density 0.00 to 4.00x
Gate Thres -79.0 to 0.0 dB Gate Time 0 to 3000 ms
Gate Duck In or Out Gate Atk 0.0 to 228.0 ms
Gate Rel 0 to 3000 ms
GateSigDly 0.0 to 25.0 ms
Reduction -dB 60 40 * 16 * 8 4 0

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KDFX Algorithm Specifications
if delayed, and thus you can get by with a dryer mix while maintaining the same
subjective wet/dry level.
Room Type The conÞguration of the reverb algorithm to simulate a wide array of carefully designed
room types and sizes. This parameter effectively allows you to have several different
reverb algorithms only a parameter change away. Smaller Room Types will sound best
with shorter Rvrb Times, and vice versa. (Note that since this parameter changes the
structure of the reverb algorithm, you may not modulate it.)
Diff Scale A multiplier which affects the diffusion of the reverb. At 1.00x, the diffusion will be the
normal, carefully adjusted amount for the current Room Type. Altering this parameter
will change the diffusion from the preset amount.
Size Scale A multiplier which changes the size of the current room. At 1.00x, the room will be the
normal, carefully tweaked size of the current Room Type. Altering this parameter will
change the size of the room, and thus will cause a subtle coloration of the reverb (since the
roomÕs dimensions are changing).
Density A multiplier which affects the density of the reverb. At 1.00x, the room density will be the
normal, carefully set amount for the current Room Type. Altering this parameter will
change the density of the reverb, which may color the room slightly.
Gate Thres The input signal level in dB required to open the gate (or close the gate if Gate Duck is on).
Gate Duck When set to ÒOffÓ, the gate opens when the signal rises above threshold and closes when
the gate time expires. When set to ÒOnÓ, the gate closes when the signal rises above
threshold and opens when the gate time expires.
Gate Time The time in seconds that the gate will stay fully on after the signal envelope rises above
threshold. The gate timer is started or restarted whenever the signal envelope rises above
threshold. If Retrigger is On, the gate timer is continually reset while the side chain signal
is above the threshold.
Gate Atk The attack time for the gate to ramp from closed to open (reverse if Gate Duck is on) after
the signal rises above threshold.
Gate Rel The release time for the gate to ramp from open to closed (reverse if Gate Duck is on) after
the gate timer has elapsed.
Signal Dly The delay in milliseconds (ms) of the reverb signal relative to the side chain signal. By
delaying the reverb signal, the gate can be opened before the reverb signal rises above the
gating threshold.

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KDFX Algorithm Specifications
10-15
Algorithms 4–11: Classic /TQ / Diffuse / Omni Reverbs
4 Classic Place
5 ClassicVerb
6 TQ Place
7 TQVerb
8 Diffuse Place
9 DiffuseVerb
10 OmniPlace
11 OmniVerb
Parameters
Absorption This controls the amount of reßective material that is in the space being
emulated, much like an acoustical absorption coefÞcient. The lower the setting,
the longer it will take for the sound to die away. A setting of 0% will cause an
inÞnite decay time.
Rvrb Time Adjusts the basic decay time of the late portion of the reverb.
LateRvbTim Adjusts the basic decay time of the late portion of the reverb after diffusion.
HF Damping This controls the amount of high frequency energy that is absorbed as the
reverb decays. The values set the cutoff frequency of the 1 pole (6dB/oct) lopass
Þlter within the reverb feedback loop.
L Pre Dly, R Pre Dly These control the amount that each channel of the reverb is delayed relative to
the dry signal. Setting different lengths for both channels can de-correlate the
center portion of the reverb image and make it seem wider. This only affects the
late reverb in algorithms that have early reßections.
Lopass Controls the cutoff frequency of a 1 pole (6dB/oct) lopass Þlter at the output of
the reverb. This only affects the late reverb in algorithms that have early
reßections.
EarRef Lvl Adjusts the mix level of the early reßection portion of algorithms offering early
reßections.
Late Lvl Adjusts the mix level of the late reverb portion of algorithms offering early
reßections.
Room Type This parameter selects the basic type of reverb being emulated, and should be
your starting point when creating your own reverb presets. Due to the inherent
complexity of reverb algorithms and the sheer number of variables responsible
for their character, the Room Type parameter provides condensed preset
collections of these variables. Each Room Type preset has been painstakingly
selected by Kurzweil engineers to provide the best sounding collection of
mutually complementary variables modelling an assortment of reverb families.
When a room type is selected, an entire incorporated set of delay lengths and
diffusion settings are established within the algorithm. By using the Size Scale,
DiffAmtScl, DiffLenScl, and Inj Spread parameters, you may scale individual
elements away from their preset value. When set to 1.00x, each of these

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KDFX Algorithm Specifications
elements are accurately representing their preset values determined by the
current Room Type.
Room Types with similar names in different reverb algorithms do not sound the
same. For example, Hall1 in Diffuse Verb does not sound the same as Hall1 in
TQ Verb.
Size Scale This parameter scales the inherent size of the reverb chosen by Room Type. For
a true representation of the selected Room Type size, set this to 1.00x. Scaling
the size below this will create smaller spaces, while larger scale factors will
create large spaces. See Room Type for more detailed information.
InÞnDecay Found in ÒVerbÓ algorithms. When turned ÒOnÓ, the reverb tail will decay
indeÞnitely. When turned ÒOffÓ, the decay time is determined by the ÒRvrb
TimeÓ or ÒLateRvbTimÓ parameters.
LF Split Used in conjunction with LF Time. This controls the upper frequency limit of
the low frequency decay time multiplier. Energy below this frequency will
decay faster or slower depending on the LF Time parameter.
LF Time Used in conjunction with LF Split. This modiÞes the decay time of the energy
below the LF Split frequency. A setting of 1.00x will make low frequency energy
decay at the rate determined by the decay time. Higher values will cause low
frequency energy to decay slower, and lower values will cause it to decay more
quickly.
TrebShlf F Adjusts the frequency of a high shelving Þlter at the output of the late reverb.
TrebShlf G Adjusts the gain of a high shelving Þlter at the output of the late reverb.
BassShlf F Adjusts the frequency of a low shelving Þlter at the output of the late reverb.
BassShlf G Adjusts the gain of a low shelving Þlter at the output of the late reverb.
DiffAmtScl Adjusts the amount of diffusion at the onset of the reverb. For a true
representation of the selected Room Type diffusion amount, set this to 1.00x.
DiffLenScl Adjusts the length of the diffusion at the onset of the reverb. For a true
representation of the selected Room Type diffusion length, set this to 1.00x.
DiffExtent Adjust the onset diffusion duration. Higher values create longer diffuse bursts
at the onset of the reverb.
Diff Cross Adjusts the onset diffusion cross-coupling character. Although subtle, this
parameter bleeds left and right channels into each other during onset diffusion,
and also in the body of the reverb. 0% setting will disable this. Increasing this
value in either the positive or negative direction will increase its affect.
Expanse Amount of late reverb energy biased toward the edges of the stereo image. A
setting of 0% will bias energy towards the center. Moving away from 0% will
bias energy towards the sides. Positive and negative values will have a different
character.
LFO Rate Adjusts the rate at which certain reverb delay lines move. See LFO Depth for
more information.
LFO Depth Adjusts the detuning depth in cents caused by a moving reverb delay line.
Moving delay lines can imitate voluminous ßowing air currents and reduce
unwanted artifacts like ringing and ßutter when used properly. Depth settings
under 1.5ct with LFO Rate settings under 1.00Hz are recommended for

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KDFX Algorithm Specifications
10-17
modeling real spaces. High depth settings can create chorusing qualities, which
wonÕt be unsuitable for real acoustic spaces, but can nonetheless create
interesting effects. Instruments that have little if no inherent pitch ßuctuation
(like piano) are much more sensitive to this LFO than instruments that normally
have a lot of vibrato (like voice) or non-pitched instruments (like snare drum).
Inj Build Used in conjunction with Inj Spread, this adjusts the envelope of the onset of the
reverb. SpeciÞcally, it tapers the amplitudes of a series of delayed signals
injected into the body of the reverb. Values above 0% will produce a faster
build, while values below 0% will cause the build to be more gradual.
Inj Spread Used in conjunction with Inj Build, this scales the length of the series of delays
injected into the body of the reverb. For a true representation of the selected
Room Type injector spread, set this to 1.00x.
Inj LP This adjusts the cutoff frequency of a 1 pole (6dB/oct) lopass Þlter applied to
the signal being injected into the body of the reverb.
Inj Skew Adjusts the amount of delay applied to either the left or right channel of the
reverb injector. Positive values delay the right channel while negative values
delay the left channel.
E DiffAmt Adjusts the amount of diffusion applied to the early reßection network.
E DfLenScl Adjusts the length of diffusion applied to the early reßection network. This is
inßuenced by E PreDlyL and E PreDlyR.
E Dly Scl Scales the delay lengths inherent in the early reßection network.
E Build Adjusts the envelope of the onset of the early reßections. Values above 0% will
create a faster attack while values below 0% will create a slower attack.
E Fdbk Amt Adjusts the amount of the output of an early reßection portion that is fed back
into the input of the opposite channel in front of the early pre-delays. Overall, it
lengthens the decay rate of the early reßection network. Negative values
polarity invert the feedback signal.
E HF Damp This adjusts the cutoff frequency of a 1 pole (6dB/oct) lopass Þlter applied to
the early reßection feedback signal.
E PreDlyL, E PreDlyR Adjusts how much the early reßections are delayed relative to the dry signal.
These are independent of the late reverb predelay times, but will inßuence E
Dly Scl.
E Dly L, E Dly R Adjusts the left and right early reßection delays fed to the same output
channels.
E Dly LX, E Dly RX Adjusts the left and right early reßection delays fed to the opposite output
channels.
E DifDlyL, E DifDlyR Adjusts the diffusion delays of the diffusers on delay taps fed to the same
output channels.
E DifDlyLX, E DifDlyRX Adjusts the diffusion delays of the diffusers on delay taps fed to the opposite
output channels.
E X Blend Adjusts the balance between early reßection delay tap signals with diffusers fed
to their same output channel, and those fed to opposite channels. 0% will only
allow delay taps being fed to opposite output channels to be heard, while 100%
allows only delay taps going to the same channels to be heard.

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KDFX Algorithm Specifications
12 Panaural Room
Room reverberation algorithm
PAUs: 3
The Panaural Room reverberation is implemented using a special network arrangement of many delay
lines that guarantees colorless sound. The reverberator is inherently stereo with each input injected into
the "room" at multiple locations. The signals entering the reverberator Þrst pass through a shelving bass
equalizer with a range of +/-15dB. To shorten the decay time of high frequencies relative to mid
frequencies, low pass Þlters controlled by HF Damping are distributed throughout the network. Room
Size scales all the delay times of the network (but not the Pre Dly or Build Time), to change the simulated
room dimension over a range of 1 to 16m. Decay Time varies the feedback gains to achieve decay times
from 0.5 to 100 seconds. The Room Size and Decay Time controls are interlocked so that a chosen Decay
Time will be maintained while Room Size is varied. A two input stereo mixer, controlled by Wet/Dry and
Out Gain, feeds the output.
Figure 10-4 Simplified block diagram of Panaural Room.
The duration and spacing of the early reßections are inßuenced by Room Size and Build Time, while the
number and relative loudness of the individual reßections are inßuenced by Build Env. When Build Env is
near 0 or 100%, fewer reßections are created. The maximum number of important early reßections, 13, is
achieved at a setting of 50%.
To get control over the growth of reverberation, the left and right inputs each are passed through an
"injector" that can extend the source before it drives the reverberator. Only when Build Env is set to 0% is
the reverberator driven in pure stereo by the pure dry signal. For settings of Build Env greater than 0%, the
reverberator is fed multiple times. Build Env controls the injector so that the reverberation begins abruptly
(0%), builds immediately to a sustained level (50%), or builds gradually to a maximum (100%). Build Time
varies the injection length over a range of 0 to 500ms. At a Build Time of 0ms, there is no extension of the
build time. In this case, the Build Env control adjusts the density of the reverberation, with maximum
density at a setting of 50%. In addition to the two build controls, there is an overall Pre Dly control that can
delay the entire reverberation process by up to 500ms.
PreDelay
PreDelay
Reverb
Dry
Dry
Out Gain
L Output
R Output
L Input
R Input
Wet

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KDFX Algorithm Specifications
10-19
Parameters
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Wet/Dry The amount of the stereo reverberator (wet) signal relative to the original input (dry)
signal to be output. The dry signal is not affected by the Bass Gain control. The wet signal
is affected by the Bass Gain control and by all the other reverberator controls. The balance
between wet and dry signals is an extremely important factor in achieving a good mix.
Emphasizing the wet signal gives the effect of more reverberation and of greater distance
from the source.
Out Gain The overall output level for the reverberation effect, and controls the level for both the wet
and dry signal paths.
Decay Time The reverberation decay time (mid-band "RT60"), the time required before the
reverberation has died away to 60dB below its "running" level. Adjust decay time
according to the tempo and articulation of the music and to taste.
HF Damping Adjusts low pass Þlters in the reverberator so that high frequencies die away more quickly
than mid and low frequencies. This shapes the reverberation for a more natural, more
acoustically accurate sound.
Bass Gain Shapes the overall reverberation signal's bass content, but does not modify the decay time.
Reduce the bass for a less muddy sound, raise it slightly for a more natural acoustic effect.
Room Size Choosing an appropriate room size is very important in getting a good reverberation
effect. For impulsive sources, such as percussion instruments or plucked strings, increase
the size setting until discrete early reßections become audible, and then back it off slightly.
For slower, softer music, use the largest size possible. At lower settings, Room Size leads
to coloration, especially if the Decay Time is set too high.
Pre Dly Introducing predelay creates a gap of silence between that allows the dry signal to stand
out with greater clarity and intelligibility against the reverberant background. This is
especially helpful with vocal or classical music.
Build Time Similar to predelay, but more complex, larger values of Build Time slow down the
building up of reverberation and can extend the build up process. Experiment with Build
Time and Build Env and use them to optimize the early details of reverberation. A Build
Time of 0ms and a Build Env of 50% is a good default setting that yields a fast arriving,
maximally dense reverberation.
Build Env When Build Time has been set to greater than about 80ms, Build Env begins to have an
audible inßuence on the early unfolding of the reverberation process. For lower density
reverberation that starts cleanly and impulsively, use a setting of 0%. For the highest
density reverberation, and for extension of the build up period, use a setting of 50%. For
Wet/Dry 0 to 100%wet Out Gain Off, -79.0 to 24.0
Room Size 1.0 to 16.0 m
Pre Dly 0 to 500 ms Decay Time 0.5 to 100.0 s
HF Damping 16 to 25088 Hz
Bass Gain -15 to 15 dB Build Time 0 to 500 ms
Build Env 0 to 100%

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KDFX Algorithm Specifications
an almost reverse reverberation, set Build Env to 100%. You can think of Build Env as
setting the position of a see-saw. The left end of the see-saw represents the driving of the
reverberation at the earliest time, the pivot point as driving the reverberation at mid-point
in the time sequence, and the right end as the last signal to drive the reverberator. At
settings near 0%, the see-saw is tilted down on the right: the reverberation starts abruptly
and the drive drops with time. Near 50%, the see-saw is level and the reverberation is
repetitively fed during the entire build time. At settings near 100%, the see-saw is tilted
down on the left, so that the reverberation is hit softly at Þrst, and then at increasing level
until the end of the build time.