LaMotte SMART Spectro User manual

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SMART
Spectro
Spectrophotometer
OPERATOR’S
MANUAL
LMott
v2.2 • Printed-04.08
2000-MN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION
Packaging & Delivery ······································································5
General Precautions ········································································5
Safety Precautions ···········································································5
Limits of Liability ·············································································5
Limited Warranty··············································································6
Limitations························································································6
Specifications ···················································································6
Statistical and Technical Definitions
Related to Product Specifications··················································· 7-8
Contents and Accessories·································································8
EPA Compliance ··············································································9
CE Compliance·················································································9
Declaration of Conformity································································ 9
CHEMICAL TESTING
Water Sampling for Chemical Analysis ··········································· 10
Filtration ··························································································11
An Introduction to Colorimetric Analysis & Spectroscopy ············ 12
Reagent Blank ·················································································13
Spectrophotometer Tubes ································································13
Selecting an Appropriate Wavelength ············································· 13-14
Calibration Curves ···········································································14-15
Preparing Dilute Standard Solutions················································ 16
Standard Additions ··········································································16
Sample Dilution Techniques & Volumetric Measurements ············ 17
Interferences ····················································································18
Stray Light Interference ···································································18
OPERATION OF THE SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Overview ·························································································19
Power Supply ····················································································19
Components ····················································································20
Quick Start ······················································································21-22
GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES
The Keypad ······················································································23
Sample Holders·················································································23
The Display & the Menus ·······························································24
CALIBRATION
Calibrate Wavelength ······································································25
PROGRAMMED TESTS
Introduction ·····················································································26
Sequences of Tests ···········································································27
General Testing Procedures ····························································· 28
SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER 10.07 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)
Testing with the Programmed Tests ················································· 28-29
SETUP & EDIT SEQUENCES & USER TESTS
Edit a Sequence ···············································································30
Adding or Deleting Tests ·································································31-33
Edit User Tests ·················································································34-35
Naming the Test ··············································································36
Selecting the Wavelength ································································37
Entering a New Calibration ·····························································398-40
Selecting the Numerical Format of the Result ································ 41-42
MEASURING IN THE %T/ABS MODE
········································································································43-44
PC LINK
Output ·····························································································45
Computer Connection ·····································································45
EDIT CLOCK
········································································································45
ENERGY MODE
········································································································45
STORE METHOD
········································································································45
TEST MODE
········································································································46
BATTERY OPERATION
Charging the Batteries ·····································································46
Running the SMART Spectro Using Batteries ································ 46
MAINTENANCE
Cleaning ···························································································47
Light Bulb ························································································47
Clock Battery ···················································································47
Meter Disposal··················································································47
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Error Messages ·················································································47-48
Helpful Hints ···················································································48
SMART REAGENT SYSTEMS
Available Test Kits ············································································49-51
SMART SPECTRO TEST INSTRUCTIONS
APPENDIX
4 SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER 10.07

GENERAL INFORMATION
nPACKAGING & DELIVERY
Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate
protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments.
After the product leaves the manufacturer, all responsibility for its safe delivery
is assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be filed
immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for
damaged goods.
Should it be necessary to return the instrument for repair or servicing, pack
instrument carefully in suitable container with adequate packing material. A
return authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by
calling 1-800-344-3100. Attach a letter with the authorization number to the
shipping carton which describes the kind of trouble experienced. This valuable
information will enable the service department to make the required repairs
more efficiently.
nGENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Before attempting to set up or operate this instrument it is important to read the
instruction manual. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or damage to
the equipment.
The SMART Spectro should not be stored or used in a wet or corrosive
environment. Care should be taken to prevent water or reagent chemicals from
wet spectrophotometer tubes from entering the SMART Spectro chamber.
NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN SPECTROPHOTOMETER.
nSAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Read the labels on all LaMotte reagent containers prior to use. Some containers
include precautionary notices and first aid information. Certain reagents are
considered hazardous substances and are designated with a * in the instruction
manual. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents.
Read the accompanying MSDS before using these reagents. Additional
emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available 24 hours a day from
the Poison Control Center listed in the front of the phone book. Be prepared to
supply the name and four-digit LaMotte code number found on the container
label or at the top of the MSDS. LaMotte reagents are registered with a
computerized poison control information system available to all local poison
control centers.
Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children.
Protect Yourself and Equipment: Use Proper Analytical Technique
nLIMITS OF LIABILITY
Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life,
property, profits, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of their
products.
SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.06 5

nLIMITED WARRANTY
This instrument is guaranteed to be free from defects in material and
workmanship for a period of one (1) years from original purchase date. In the
event that a defect is found during the warranty time frame, LaMotte Company
agrees that it will be repaired or replaced without charge except for the
transporation costs. This guarantee does not cover batteries.
This product can not be returned without a return authorization number from
Lamotte Company. For warranty support or a Return Authorization Number,
contact LaMotte Company at 1-800-344-3100 or tech @ lamotte.com.
nLIMITATIONS
This guarantee is void under the following circumstances:
• Damage due to operator negligence, misuse, accident or improper application.
• Damage or alterations from attempted repairs by an unauthorized
(non-LaMotte) service.
• Damage due to improper power source, AC adapter or battery.
• Damage caused by acts of God or natural disaster.
• Damage occurred while in transit with a shipping carrier.
LaMotte Company will service and repair out-of warranty products at a nominal
charge.
nSPECIFICATIONS
nINSTRUMENT TYPE: Colorimeter
Readout Graphical 4 line, 16 character per line LCD
Wavelengths 430nm, 520 nm, 570 nm, 620 nm
Wavelength Accuracy ±2
Readable Resolution Determined by reagent system
Wavelength Bandwidth 10 typical
Photometric Range –2 to + 2AU
Photometric Precision ± 0.001AU at 1.0AU
Photometric Accuracy ± 0.005AU at 1.0AU
Sample Chamber Accepts 25 mm diameter flat-bottomed test tubes, 10 mm square cuvettes, 16 mm COD test tubes
Light Sources 4LEDs
Detectors 4 silicon photodiodes with integrated interference filters
Modes Absorbance,pre-programmed tests
Pre-Programmed Tests YES, with automatic wavelength selection
User Defined Tests Up to 10 user tests can be input
RS232 Port 8 pin mini-DIN, 9600b, 8, 1, n
Power Requirements Battery Operation: 9 volt alkaline, Line Operation: 110/ AC; 50/60 Hz with adapter, 6V 500 mA
DC
Dimensions (LxWxH) 8.5 x 16.2 x 6.7 cm, 3.4 x 6.4 x 2.6 inches
Weight 312 g, 11 oz (meter only)
Data Logger 350 test results stored for download to a PC
6 SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER 10.07

nSTATISTICAL AND TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS RELATED
TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is
defined as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and
reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than
zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing
the analyte.”1Note that, “As Dr. William Horwitz once stated, ‘In almost all
cases when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of determination, the
primary purpose of determining that limit is to stay away from it.’”2
1. CFR 40, part 136, appendix B
2. Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and
L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 31.
Precision: Precision is the numerical agreement between two or more
measurements.3The precision can be reported as a range for a measurement
(differencebetweentheminandmax).Itcanalsobereportedasthestandard
deviation or the relative standard deviation. It is a measure of how close
together the measurements are, not how close they are to the correct or true
value. The precision can be very good and the accuracy very bad. This is a useful
measure of the performance of a test method.
3. Skoog,D.A.,West,D.M.,Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed.,
Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.
Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true
value.4The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in which
a measurement occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the %
recovery of a know amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e.
103.5 %). This is a useful measure and what most customers are interested in when
they want to know about the performance of a test method.
4. SkoogD.A.,WestD.M.,Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed.,
Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.
Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any two
measurements that can be made.5Formetersthisisusuallyhowmanydecimal
places are displayed. (i.e. 0.01). For titrations and various comparators it is the
smallest interval the device is calibrated or marked to (i.e. 1 drop = 10 ppm, 0.2
ppm for a DRT, or ±half a unit difference for an octaslide or color chart). Note
that the resolution many change with concentration or range. In some cases the
resolution may be less than the smallest interval, if it is possible to make a
reading that falls between calibration marks. This is often done with various
comparators. One caveat is, that resolution has very little relationship to accuracy or
precision. The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision but it is not
a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works. The resolution can be
very very good and the accuracy and precision can be very, very bad! This is not a
useful measure of the performance of a test method.
5. Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and
L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 34.
SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER 05.04 7

Sensitivity: Sensitivity is the resolution based on how this term is used in
LaMotte catalogs. This term is not listed in any of the references. Sometimes it
is used for detection limit. It is a confusing term and should be avoided.
Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision.6A run is a single
data set, from set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day.
However, for meter calibrations, a single calibration is considered a single run or
data set, even though it may take 2 or 3 days.
6. Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientific & Technical,
1989, p. 130.
Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision.7
7. Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientific & Technical,
1989, p. 130.
nCONTENTS AND ACCESSORIES
nCONTENTS
SMART Spectro Spectrophotometer
Te s t Tu b e s , w i t h C a p s
Sample Cell Holder, Universal
Sample Cell Holder, 10 mm Square
Power Cable
Battery Charger
Power Supply, 110/220V
SMART Spectro Quick Start Guide
SMART Spectro Manual
NOTE: The battery pack is not included and must be purchased separately. An
empty slot is placed in the foam packing material for the original shipment.
nACCESSORIES
Battery Pack with Holder (rechargeable) Code 2000-BP
Cigarette Lighter Adapter Code 1917
Carrying Case Code 2000-CS
SMARTLink 2 Software with Cable (3.5 disk) Code 1912-3
SMARTLink 2 Software with Cable (compact disk) Code 1912-CD
8 SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER 05.04

nEPA COMPLIANCE
The SMART Spectro is an EPA-Accepted instrument. EPA-Accepted means
that the instrument meets the requirements for instrumentation as found in test
procedures that are approved for the National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations (NPDWR) or National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) compliance monitoring programs. EPA-Accepted instruments may be
used with approved test procedures without additional approval.
nCE COMPLIANCE
The SMART Spectrophotometer has been independently tested and has earned
the European CE Mark of Compliance for electromagnetic compatibility and
safety.
SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER 05.04 9
Application of Council Directives:
Standards to which Conformity Declared:
Manufacturer's Name:
Manufacturer's Address:
Type of Equipment:
Model Name:
Year of Manufacture:
Testing Performed By:
89/336/EEC
EN61326-1:97, EN61000-3-2:1995,
EN61000-3-3:1995
802 Washington Avenue
PO Box 329
Chestertown, MD 21620
Spectrophotometer
SMART Spectro
2000
Intertek Testing Services
40 B Commerce Way
Totowa, NJ 07512
LaMotte Company
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above
conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Place
Chestertown, Maryland
Date
12/01/00
Signature
Name
Scott H. Steffen
P
os
iti
o
n
Director of Product Development
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

CHEMICAL TESTING
nWATER SAMPLING FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
nTaking Representative Samples
Theunderlyingfactortobeconsideredforanytypeofwatersamplingiswhether
or not the sample is truly representative of the source. To properly collect a
representative sample:
lSample as frequently as possible.
lCollect a large sample or at least enough to conduct whatever tests are
necessary.
lMake a composite sample for the same sampling area.
lHandle the sample in such a way as to prevent deterioration or
contamination before the analysis is performed.
lPerform analysis for dissolved gases such as dissolved oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide immediately at the site of sampling. These
factors, as well as samples for pH, cannot be stored for later examination.
lMake a list of conditions or observations which may affect the sample.
Other considerations for taking representative samples are dependent
upon the source of the sample. Taking samples from surface waters
involves different considerations than taking samples from impounded and
sub-surface waters.
nSampling of Open Water Systems
Surface waters, such as those found in streams and rivers, are usually well mixed.
The sample should be taken downstream from any tributary, industrial or sewage
pollution source. For comparison purposes samples may be taken upstream and
at the source of the pollution before mixing.
In ponds, lakes, and reservoirs with restricted flow, it is necessary to collect a
number of samples in a cross section of the body of water, and where possible
composite samples should be made to ensure representative samples.
To collect samples from surface waters, select a suitable plastic container with a
tight fitting screw cap. Rinse the container several times with the sample to be
tested, then immerse the container below the surface until it is filled to
overflowing and replace the cap. If the sample is not to be tested immediately,
pour a small part of the sample out and reseal. This will allow for any expansion.
Any condition which might affect the sample should be listed.
Sub-surface sampling is required to obtain a vertical profile of streams, lakes,
ponds, and reservoirs at specific depths. This type of sampling requires more
sophisticated sampling equipment.
For dissolved oxygen studies, or for tests requiring small sample sizes, a Water
Sampler (LaMotte Code 1060) will serve as a subsurface or in-depth sampler.
This weighted device is lowered to the sampling depth and allowed to rest at
10 SMART SPECTRO SPECTROPHOTOMETER 05.04