LEM SATURN GEO X User manual

Operating Instructions
EARTH GROUND TESTER
SATURN GEO X

Order Codes Order No.
SATURN GEO X
SATURN GEO X BASIC SET A188506510
Incl.2 safety measuring leads with test tips and crocodile clips,
6 batteries, carrying strap, manual.
SATURN GEO X with INTERFACE and A188506512
GEO-MEASURING-SET 4pole
Incl.2 safety measuring leads with test tips and crocodile clips,
4 earth stakes,3 reels with 2x25m and 1x50 m wire,
Interface, Set-up Software, RS232 cable & PC adapter,6 batteries,
carrying strap and manual in carrying cse.
SATURN GEO X with GEO-MEASURING-SET 4pole
in carrying case UNIVERSAL A188506513
Incl.2 safety measuring leads with test tips and crocodile clips,
4 earth stakes, 3 reels with 2x25m and 1x50 m wire, 6 batteries,
carrying strap and manual in carrying case UNIVERSAL (ST0010Z).
Accessories:
GEO-CLAMP SET SELECTIVE A 6045 10305
includes:
1 current clamp 100A
1 cable for clamp connection.
GEO-CLAMP SET STAKELESS A 6045 10306
includes:
1 current clamp 100A
1 current clamp 1000A
1 cable for clamp connection
1 adapter for stakeless measurement + manual
REEL with 25 m wire A 6045 05102
REEL with 50 m wire A 6045 05103
Split-core current transformer
for measurements on high voltage pylons ø 310 mm A 6805 06211
Accuset 600 mAh
with NiCad-batteries and quick charge unit A 6403 06211

1
Contents
1SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS............................................................................ 2
2FIRST SETUP .............................................................................................. 3
3GENERAL .................................................................................................... 4
4ASSEMBLY.................................................................................................. 6
5DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTIONS.................................................................. 7
6TECHNICAL DATA ...................................................................................... 9
7DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATING ELEMENTS................................... 19
8PROCEDURE OF MEASUREMENTS........................................................ 22
8.1 General....................................................................................................... 22
8.2 Measurement of interference- voltages and frequencies ............................ 28
8.3 Measurement of earthing resistances......................................................... 29
8.4 Measurement of single earth electrode resistances in mesh operated
earthing systems......................................................................................... 32
8.5 Measurement of soil resistivity.................................................................... 41
8.6 Measurement of resistances.......................................................................43
8.7 Changing of all data settings with personalized CODE............................... 46
9DESCRIPTION OF DISPLAYS................................................................... 49
10 CARE AND MAINTENANCE...................................................................... 53
10.1 Recharging NiCad batteries........................................................................53
10.2 Replacing batteries..................................................................................... 53
10.3 Recalibration............................................................................................... 54
10.4 Storage....................................................................................................... 54
11 SERVICE.................................................................................................... 55
11.1 WARRANTY ............................................................................................... 55
12 Basic APPENDIX....................................................................................... 56
12.1 Earthing resistance..................................................................................... 56
12.2 Soil resistivity ρE......................................................................................... 57
12.3 Measuring method...................................................................................... 59
12.4 The potential gradient area.........................................................................60
12.5 The influence of potential gradient areas on earth resistance
measurement.............................................................................................. 61
12.6 Earth impedance (R*) on high voltage transmission lines.......................... 62

2
1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
This measuring equipment is only to be operated by qualified staff and in
accord with its technical data in compliance with the safety precautions and
instructions set forth below. In addition, use of this equipment requires
compliance with the legal and safety instructions pertaining to the specific
application in question. Similar precuations apply to the use of accessories.
CAUTION:Operation of electrical equipment inevitably causes certain
parts of such equipment to carry dangerous voltage. Non-compliance
with precautions may therefore cause major physical or material
damage.
Fault-free and reliable operation of this instrument requires suitable transport and
storage, setting-up and assembly, as well as care in operation and maintenance.
If there is reason to believe that risk-free operation is no longer possible, the
instrument should be switched off immediately and protected against accidental
restarting. Risk-free operation shall be deemed to be no longer possible if and when
the instrument
•shows visible damage,
•fails to work in spite of functioning batteries,
•has been exposed for some time to unfavorable conditions ( e.g. storage beyond
the permissible climatic limits without adaptation to the ambient climate, dewing
etc.),
•has been exposed to major strain during transport ( e.g. been dropped from
some height without visible external damage etc.), or
•shows " E1 ... E5 " on the display.
Qualified Staff
consists of persons familiar with the setting up, assembly, starting up and operation
of the product and possess the qualifications required for such activities, such as
•training, instruction and/or authorization to perform the following operations on
circuits and equipment according to safety engineering standards: switching on
and off, disconnecting, earthing/grounding, labeling;
•training or instructions according to safety engineering standards in the care and
main tenance of adequate safety equipment.
•training in rendering first aid.

3
2 FIRST SETUP
Unpacking
When unpacking the instrument watch out for possible damages that may have
occurred during transport. In the case of defects the packing material must be kept
until the complaint is adjusted.
Keep the packing material also in case you need it to transport the instrument at a
later date.
Checking the scope of delivery
Upon unpacking immediately check the accessories for missing parts. The
accessories supplied are listed on page 2.
Although the instrument is easy to operate please read these operating instructions
carefully for safety reasons and in order to make optimum use of the instrument.
How to fasten the carrying strap
This test instrument is equipped with a mains power supply.
The measuring functions are only all activated when the instrument is
connected.

4
3 GENERAL
Microprocessor controlled universal earth resistance meter with fully automated
measuring frequency selection process as well as automatic testing of probe- and
auxiliary earth electrode resistances and possible interference voltages as per DIN
IEC61557-5/EN61557-5.
- Measurement of interference voltage (UST)
- Measurement of interference frequency (FST)
- Measurement of probe resistance (RS)
- Measurement of auxiliary earth electrode resistance (RH)
- Measurement of earthing resistance 3pole, 4pole, (RE)
with or without using the external clip-on current transformer for
selective measurement of single earthing branches in mesh
operated earthing systems ( )
- Resistance measurement 2pole with AC voltage (R~)
- Resistance measurement with DC voltage 2pole, 4pole, (R ... )
- Optional interface (RS 232)
With its various possibilities of measurement and the fully automated measuring
sequence control (incl. automatic frequency control AFC), this instrument offers the
latest measuring technology in the field of earthing resistance measurements. By
means of the selectable limit input with visual and accoustical confirmation/error
message and with the code programmable and customer defined special functions,
e.g. measuring voltage 20 V (for agricultural systems ), earthing impedance R*
(measuring frequency 55Hz) switched on or off etc., these instruments are
individually programmable for use as a simple meter as well as a high end fully
automated measuring device.

5
The instrument can be upgraded by using optional devices:
An external current transformer with a transformation ratio between 80 and 1200:1
for the measurement of a single branch in mesh operated earthing systems is
available as an option and enables the user to measure on high voltage pylons
without seperating the overhead earth wires or earth strips at the bottom of the pylons
and also to measure lightning protection systems without seperating the individual
lightning protection wires.
An interface for the output of measured values on a printer or to a memory pack or
for data interchange with a personal computer, is available as an optional retrofit kit.
A data output includes all values displayable ( RE, RS, RH, etc.) as well as date and
time of measurement and a customer defined text.
A NiCad battery pack which can be recharged from mains or car battery .
An adaptor for spikeless earth measurement allows fast and simple measurement of
"earth-loops"and testing of lightning protection systems without sonds and auxiliary
earth.

6
4 ASSEMBLY
The instrument is made up of two parts:
1) The base part which contains the entire measuring electronics.
2) The protective housing with attachable carrying strap.
The functions are selected with the central rotary switch. Four rubber buttons,which
start measurements, read out supplementary measuring values and select special
functions, are located on the left hand side of the front panel. This design enables
quick and clear one-hand operation.
The measured values are displayed on a liquid crystal display with correct decimal
point and unit. Various additional special characters indicate measuring mode,
operating condition and error messages.
The auxiliary power supply consists of 6 x 1,5 V batteries (IEC R6 or LR6) or NiCad
battery pack (optional).
The measuring instrument is manufactured complying with IP 56 (splash water proof).
Air and leakage paths are dimensioned according to IEC61010-1/EN61010-1. The
instrument complies with protection class II ( ).
This device has been developed, designed and manufactured in compliance with
quality system DIN ISO 9001.

7
5 DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTIONS
Measurement of interference voltage (UST)
Fullwave rectification for DC and AC (DC without operational sign, AC signal sinus
calibrated for r.m.s. values). If limit values are exceeded no measurement will be
started.
Measurement of interference frequency (FST)
For interference voltage >1V its frequency is derived from the period time.

8
Measurement of earthing resistance (RE)
The earthing resistance is determined by a 3- or 4-pole current and voltage
measurement. The measuring voltage is a square pulse AC voltage with 48 / 20 V
and a frequency of 94 ,105 , 111 or 128 Hz. The frequency can be selected manually
or automatically (AFC) .
Selective measurement of earthing resistance* (RE)
Measurement of a single earth electrode in a mesh operated (parallel) earthing
system. The current flowing through the single earth electrode is measured with an
external current transformer.
Resistance measurement (R~)
The resistance is determined by a 2 pole current and voltage measurement. The
measuring voltage is a square pulse AC voltage with 20 V and a frequency of 94,
105, 111 or 128 Hz. The frequency can be selected manually or automatically (AFC).
Low resistance measurement (R ... )
The resistance is determined by DC current and voltage measurement. 2- as well as
4-pole measurement is possible. The short circuit current is > 200 mA. The
resistance of both current directions is measured and stored.
Checking for correct measuring connection
Via split socket and following detection circuit, the processor checks if the measuring
lead is properly connected according to the selected function. A wrong or missing
connection is indicated by an optical or acoustical signal.
Beeper
The built in beeper has two functions:
1. Giving messages if set limit values are exceeded.
2. Indicating dangerous conditions or maloperation.
Controlling is done by means of the microprocessor.
LO-BAT
Supervision of the battery charge status is done with a comparator circuit. Via
microprocessor, a drop in battery capacity down to typ. 10 % of its specified value is
indicated on the display with symbol LO-BAT .
* Patent applied for.